1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 10531:1992 Implementation of ISO10531:1992 Packaging Complete, filled transport packages Stability testing of unit loads UDC 621.798.1:620.165.7BSISO10531:1992 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Consumer Products and Services Sector Board, w
2、as published undertheauthority of the StandardsBoard and comesintoeffect on 15July1995 BSI 11-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference PKM/4 Draft for comment 91/38733 DC ISBN 0 580 24362 1 Committees responsible for this British Standard The prepara
3、tion of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee PKM/4, Package testing, upon which the following bodies were represented: Association of Drum Manufacturers British Fibreboard Packaging Association British Glass Manufacturers Confederation British Plastics Federation Federation of
4、the Electronics Industry Institute of Trading Standards Administration Ministry of Defence Pira International Timber Packaging and Pallet Confederation Timber Research and Development Association Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBSISO10531:1992 BSI 11-1999 i Contents Page Co
5、mmittees responsible Inside front cover National foreword ii Foreword iii Text of ISO 10531 1BSISO10531:1992 ii BSI 11-1999 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO10531:1992 and implements it as the UK national standard. This British Standard is published under the direction
6、of the Consumer Products and Services Sector Board whose Technical Committee PKM/4 has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international committee any enquiries on interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep UK interests informed; monitor rel
7、ated international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. NOTEInternational and European Standards, as well as overseas standards, are available from Customer Services, BSI,389 Chiswick High Road, LondonW44AL. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisi
8、ons of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, theISO title page,
9、 pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 6 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.ISO10531:1992(E) ii BSI 11-1999 Contents Page Foreword iii 1 Scope 1 2 Normative refer
10、ences 1 3 Definitions 1 4 General 1 5 Apparatus 2 6 Conditioning 2 7 Procedure 2 8 Test report 5 Annex A (informative) Lift truck handling tests 6 Figure 1 Drop flat on base test 3 Figure 2 Bottom edge impact test 4 Figure 3 Modified incline impact test for horizontal impacts on base edges of unit l
11、oads 5 Figure A.1 Sample test course 6 Table 1 Unit load tests 3ISO10531:1992(E) BSI 11-1999 iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally car
12、ried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
13、 ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires a
14、pproval by at least75% of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO10531 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC122, Packaging, Sub-CommitteeSC3, Performance requirements and tests for means of packaging, packages and unit loads (as required by ISO/TC122). Annex A of this Inter
15、national Standard is for information only.iv blankISO10531:1992 (E) BSI 11-1999 1 1 Scope This International Standard specifies methods of testing for the stability of unit loads. These tests are intended to assess the performance of completely formed unit loads as they are subjected to the hazards
16、of environmental exposure, storage, handling and transportation. These tests may be performed as part of a sequence. The considered hazards relate to a land environment. Similar hazards may be expected in a marine environment but to a substantially greater degree, and additional hazards not covered
17、by this International Standard may occur in a marine environment. It should not be assumed that unit loads which satisfactorily pass the tests of this International Standard will be stable in a marine environment. The unit loads covered in this International Standard are not restricted to those inco
18、rporating a pallet platform, but may include other devices such as pallet boxes or slipsheets. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indic
19、ated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid Int
20、ernational Standards. ISO 2234:1985, Packaging Complete, filled transport packages Stacking tests using static load. ISO 2244:1985, Packaging Complete, filled transport packages Horizontal impact tests (horizontal or inclined plane test; pendulum test). ISO 2247:1985, Packaging Complete, filled tran
21、sport packages Vibration test at fixed low frequency. ISO 2874:1985, Packaging Complete, filled transport packages Stacking test using compression tester. ISO 3676:1983, Packaging Unit load sizes Dimensions. ISO 4180-1:1980, Complete, filled transport packages General rules for the compilation of pe
22、rformance test schedules Part1: General principles. ISO 4180-2:1980, Complete, filled transport packages General rules for the compilation of performance test schedules Part2: Quantitative data. ISO 8318:1986, Packaging Complete, filled transport packages Vibration tests using a sinusoidal variable
23、frequency. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the following definitions apply. 3.1 unit load load consisting of items or packages held together by one or more means and shaped or fitted for handling, transporting, stacking and storing as a unit. The term is also used to d
24、escribe a single item adapted for the same purpose 3.2 clamp handling handling method using a special fork-lift clamping attachment for applying sufficient compression to opposite sides of unit loads such that complete loads can be stored, handled and transported 3.3 push/pull handling handling meth
25、od using a special fork-lift gripper attachment or other suitable means for pushing/pulling loaded slipsheets onto a load plate such that complete loads can be stored, handled and transported 4 General The unit load shall be subjected to tests as specified in this International Standard. The nature
26、of the means of handling will dictate the specific handling test required as part of the simulated distribution sequence. The occurrence of failure at any point during the tests shall result in cessation of further testing and redesign of the unitizing technique. Any subsequent changes require retes
27、ting, recommencing with the first test method of the sequence. Observations of failure during testing, indicating load instability, may include deformation, creep, collapse, material fatigue or shifting of packages comprising the load. NOTE 1The effects of temperature and humidity in the testing env
28、ironment may vary greatly and thus may affect the strength of the unit load.ISO10531:1992 (E) 2 BSI 11-1999 5 Apparatus 5.1 Equipment for compression and vibration tests shall be as specified in the appropriate International Standard listed inTable 1. Equipment for the horizontal impact test shall b
29、e as specified in ISO2244, except for the inclined plane test (see7.2.2.1). 5.2 In making the drop test, the unit load may be handled with any convenient equipment, such as a block and tackle, a hoist, or jacks with release mechanism such that the fall of the unit load is not obstructed by any part
30、of the apparatus before striking the impact surface. 5.3 In making the clamp lift test, use an actual lift truck equipped with the appropriate load clamping device to lift the unit load. Provision shall be made to measure the clamp force between the platens, using a load cell or other suitable devic
31、e. 5.4 In making the push/pull pack test, use an actual lift truck equipped with an appropriate push/pull attachment for pulling the load onto the load plate by the slipsheet tab. Alternatively, any suitable pulling device equipped with a gripper jaw may be used. 6 Conditioning As it is practically
32、impossible to condition a complete unit load to such an extent that all goods and packaging materials are brought and kept in equilibrium with the climate applied without detaching the packaging materials, conditioning of the unit load is omitted. However, when composing the unit load for testing, t
33、he goods and the packaging materials should be subject to the same conditions as for normal transportation. After testing, moisture determinations may be carried out on the packaging materials, in order to apply corrections if necessary. 7 Procedure 7.1 General Tests shall be conducted under ambient
34、 conditions of temperature and humidity as specified inTable 1 and in the sequence shown. Test intensities shall be chosen according to the general principles specified in ISO4180-1 and their values shall be as specified in ISO4180-2. 7.2 Pallet handling tests 7.2.1 Drop test Test the ability of the
35、 palletized load to withstand accidental drops, using the two following methods. 7.2.1.1 Drop flat on base by tilting on one edge With one edge of the unit load supported by a hard, solid surface (e.g.concrete), raise the other end20cm and release to fall freely. SeeFigure 1. 7.2.1.2 Bottom edge imp
36、act With the unit load on a hard, solid surface (e.g.concrete), raise one end of the surface load and set upon a timber or other support5cm high so that the edge of the load is at most10cm from the corner of the support seeFigure 2a). Raise the other end of the load till the base of the load is20cm
37、above floor level seeFigure 2b) and release the load to fall freely. Where loads are tall or top-heavy, provision must be made to prevent the load from tipping over after the drop is made. 7.2.2 Horizontal impact test NOTE 2This test is optional (seeTable 1). The ability of the palletized load to wi
38、thstand repeated horizontal impacts against its base edges shall be evaluated using one of the tests specified in7.2.2.1 to7.2.2.3. 7.2.2.1 Inclined plane test Use a modified inclined plane (10 ) tester as shown inFigure 3 to support the load and provide the horizontal impacts. Place the palletized
39、load on the sled and against the stop block. Draw the sled up the incline for4m and allow it to roll freely down the slope, striking against the rigid backstop. 7.2.2.2 Pendulum impact test Use the method described inISO2244:1985,7.3, with the optional hazard at the base of the pallet (seeISO2244:19
40、85,4.2). 7.2.2.3 Horizontal plane test Use the method described inISO2244:1985,7.2, with the optional hazard at the base of the pallet (seeISO2244:1985,4.2). 7.3 Clamp handling test 7.3.1 General 7.3.1.1 This test is carried out to evaluate the ability of the unit load to withstand repeated side com
41、pressions. 7.3.1.2 A lift truck as specified in5.3 shall be used. If the unit loads are normally handled two-high, a second equivalent load should be placed on the unit to be tested prior to clamping.ISO10531:1992 (E) BSI 11-1999 3 7.3.1.3 Provision shall be made for measuring the total force applie
42、d to the load using the equipment described in5.3 placed at critical locations. The clamp force between the platens and the hydraulic pressure at all available clamp settings shall be measured. Table 1 Unit load tests Test No. Environmental factor Tests Unit load handling method Pallet Clamp Push/pu
43、ll pack Restrained load Unrestrained load 1 Storage Static compression, as specified in ISO2234 or ISO2874 Static compression, as specified in ISO2234 or ISO2874 Static compression, as specified in ISO2234 or ISO2874 Static compression, as specified in ISO2234 or ISO2874 2 Handling Drop flat on base
44、 by tilting on edge (see7.2.1.1) and either drop on base edge a(see7.2.1.2) or run test course Run test course Run test course Run test course Optional test: Horizontal impact against block (see7.2.2) 3 Transportation Vibration b , as specified in ISO8318 or ISO2247 Vibration b , as specified in ISO
45、8318 or ISO2247 Vibration b , as specified in ISO8318 or ISO2247 Vibration b , as specified in ISO8318 or ISO2247 a Edge drops stress unit load stability to a greater degree, while flat drops more closely simulate most actual conditions. b Where test facilities permit, use full height loads as actua
46、lly encountered in transportation. Figure 1 Drop flat on base testISO10531:1992 (E) 4 BSI 11-1999 7.3.2 Procedure 7.3.2.1 Clamp the unit load in a manner typical of current or expected practice, starting with the lowest clamp force and increasing the clamp setting until the load can be successfully
47、transported without damaging the contents (product). For the handlings to follow, clamp the unit load at the next higher clamp setting on the truck. 7.3.2.2 Clamp, lift and transport the unit load over a test course as described inA.1 under conditions identical to those specified inA.2. 7.3.2.3 If t
48、he unit load is normally clamped from both directions, distribute the test cycles based on the probability of clamping from each direction. 7.3.2.4 The test can be repeated for a predetermined number of handlings, or until failure occurs. 7.4 Push/pull handling test 7.4.1 General 7.4.1.1 This test i
49、s carried out to evaluate the ability of the unit load to withstand repeated handlings using a lift truck equipped with a push/pull pack device. 7.4.1.2 A lift truck as specified in5.4 shall be used. If the unit loads are normally handled two-high, a second equivalent load should be placed on the unit to be tested prior to testing. 7.4.2 Procedure 7.4.2.1 Pick up, lift and transport the unit load over the test course as described inA.1 under conditions identical to those specifiedinA.2. 7.4.2.2 If the unit load is n
