1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 10817-1:1998 Rotating shaft vibration measuring systems Part 1: Relative and absolute sensing of radial vibration ICS 17.160.21; 120.10BSISO10817-1:1998 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Engineering SectorCommittee, was publishedunder the a
2、uthority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15June1999 BSI 04-2000 ISBN 0 580 32337 4 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO10817-1:1998 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committ
3、ee GME/21, Mechanical vibration and shock, to Subcommittee GME/21/2, Vibration and shock measuring instruments and test equipment, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, o
4、r proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implem
5、ent international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purpor
6、t to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cov
7、er, pages i and ii, theISO title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 18, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Amendments issued since
8、publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBSISO10817-1:1998 BSI 04-2000 i Contents Page National foreword Inside front cover Foreword iii Text of ISO 10817-1 1ii blankBSISO10817-1:1998 ii BSI 04-2000 Contents Page Foreword iii 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions 1 4 Shaft vibration me
9、asuring systems overview 2 5 Sensing systems 3 5.1 Relative shaft-vibration measuring systems 3 5.2 Absolute shaft vibration measuring systems 5 6 Measurement uncertainties 8 6.1 Measurement principles 8 6.2 Accuracy requirements on the measuring system 8 6.3 Monitoring of critical machinery 12 7 En
10、vironmental conditions 12 7.1 Transducers 12 7.2 Non-integral conditioners 13 8 Calibration 13 8.1 Relative shaft vibration measuring systems 13 8.2 Absolute shaft vibration measuring systems 14 Annex A (informative) Mechanics of shaft vibration 15 Annex B (informative) Measurement quantities 15 Bib
11、liography Inside back cover Figure 1 Structure of rotating shaft measuring systems 2 Figure 2 Shaft vibration measuring system for measurements in one plane 3 Figure 3 Kinetic orbit of the shaft 4 Figure 4 Absolute shaft vibration sensing system using a combination of non-contacting and seismic tran
12、sducers for onemeasurement plane 5 Figure 5 Absolute shaft vibration sensing system using a shaft-rider transducer assembly for one measurement plane 6 Figure 6 Tolerance ranges for the amplitude frequency characteristic of the vibration parameters 10 Figure 7 Displacement characteristic of a shaft
13、vibration measuring system for one of the two measurement directions 11 Figure B.1 Time variation of the shaft centre as it moves around the orbit and the corresponding waveforms measured by each transducer 16 Table 1 Measurement uncertainty limits under reference conditions 9 Table 2 Wider uncertai
14、nty limits for conditions differing from the reference conditions 12 Table 3 Temperature classes 12BSISO10817-1:1998 BSI 04-2000 iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing Int
15、ernational Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison w
16、ith ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. Draft International Sta
17、ndards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least75% of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO 10817-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC108, Mechanical vibra
18、tion and shock, Subcommittee SC3, Use and calibration of vibration and shock measuring instruments. ISO 10817 consists of the following parts, under the general title Rotating shaft vibration measuring systems: Part 1: Relative and absolute sensing of radial vibration; Part 2: Signal processing. Ann
19、ex A andAnnex B of this part of ISO10817 are for information only.iv blankBSISO10817-1:1998 BSI 04-2000 1 1 Scope This part of ISO 10817 gives details of how to obtain reproducible measurement results in order to enable the monitoring and evaluation of shaft vibrations according to the ISO7919 serie
20、s. As such, it is concerned primarily with the measurement of shaft vibrations for large machines (e.g.steam turbine generator sets, gas turbines, industrial turbosets, hydraulic machines). This part of ISO 10817 is applicable to radial vibration measuring systems on shafts, both for absolute and re
21、lative measurements. It covers the sensing device (i.e.transducer), signal conditioning, attachment methods and calibration procedures. 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO10817. F
22、or dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of ISO10817 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For und
23、ated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 683-1, Heat-treatable steels, alloy steels and free-cutting steels Part 1: Direct-hardening unalloyed and low-alloyed wrought s
24、teel in form of different black products. ISO 2041, Vibration and shock Vocabulary. ISO 4287, Geometrical Product Specification (GPS) Surface texture: Profile method Terms, definitions and surface texture parameters. ISO 5347, Methods for the calibration of vibration and shock pick-ups (all parts).
25、ISO 5348, Mechanical vibration and shock Mechanical mounting of accelerometers. ISO 7919-1:1996, Mechanical vibration of non-reciprocating machines Measurements on rotating shafts and evaluation criteria Part1:General guidelines. ISO 7919-2, Mechanical vibration of non-reciprocating machines Measure
26、ments on rotating shafts and evaluation criteria Part2:Large land-based steam turbine generator sets. ISO 7919-3, Mechanical vibration of non-reciprocating machines Measurements on rotating shafts and evaluation criteria Part 3: Coupled industrial machines. ISO 7919-4, Mechanical vibration of non-re
27、ciprocating machines Measurements on rotating shafts and evaluation criteria Part 4: Gas turbine sets. ISO 7919-5, Mechanical vibration of non-reciprocating machines Measurements on rotating shafts and evaluation criteria Part5:Machine sets in hydraulic power generating and pumping plants. ISO 8042,
28、 Characteristics to be specified for seismic pick-ups. ISO 16063-1, Methods for the calibration of vibration and shock transducers Part 1: Basic concepts 1) . GUM:1995, Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (BIPM, IEC, IFCC, ISO, IUPAC, IUPAP, OIML). IEC 60068-2-6, Environmental test
29、ing Part2:Tests Test Fc: Vibration (sinusoidal). IEC 60068-2-29, Environmental testing Part2:Tests Test Eb and guidance: Bump. IEC 60529:1989, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code). 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this part of ISO10817, the terms and definitions given in
30、 ISO2041 apply. 1) Revision of ISO 5347-0.BSISO10817-1:1998 2 BSI 04-2000 4 Shaft vibration measuring systems overview A measuring system to evaluate the radial vibration of a rotating shaft can be thought of as consisting of several distinct subsystems: a transducer or transducers for either relati
31、ve or absolute vibration measurement; a transducer signal-conditioning instrumentation and associated cabling; a phase reference to relate a position on the rotating shaft to the position of the measurement in the time domain (e.g.a shaft encoder); signal processing instrumentation to output the mea
32、surement in a specified format; and an output device to display the measurement. Figure 1 shows the interrelationship of these subsystems. ISO10817-2 covers instrumentation requirements for signal processing and analysis. The output signals from the measuring devices, S ext , can be processed via sp
33、ecific systems and software packages which provide the quantities required for machine analysis and maintenance purposes. These systems and software packages are not part of this part of ISO10817. The relative motions are generally measured with non-contacting transducers. The absolute rotor motions
34、 can be sensed with non-contacting relative motion transducers in combination with an absolute motion detection made at the positions of the relative motion transducers. These absolute motion measurements could also be sensed by seismic transducers, e.g.shaft-riding transducers. This part of ISO 108
35、17 deals with the signal sensing block only, seeFigure 1. Figure 1 Structure of rotating shaft measuring systemsBSISO10817-1:1998 BSI 04-2000 3 5 Sensing systems 5.1 Relative shaft-vibration measuring systems 5.1.1 Introduction Relative shaft-vibration transducers take advantage of changes in either
36、 the optical path length, inductance or capacitance between a position on a rotating shaft and a point removed from the shaft, usually in very close proximity to the shaft, to determine the relative displacements in time. This reference point (i.e. the location point of the relative shaft vibration
37、transducer) often undergoes significant vibration from other sources. Seismic transducers placed at the location of the sensing element of the non-contacting sensor can be used to determine absolute vibration values (see5.2). 5.1.2 General structure of the sensing systems A shaft vibration sensing s
38、ystem according to the requirements of this part of ISO10817 consists of relative displacement transducers, cabling and the appropriate conditioners (seeFigure 2). Two orthogonal transducers are preferably required to determine the total dynamic motion and mean position of the shaft (seeFigure 3). T
39、he two transducers are arranged in two perpendicular measurement directions in one measurement plane. Generally for one machine set there are several measurement planes which may have a pair of measuring devices for each plane. The system of all measuring devices belonging to one machine set is call
40、ed a measuring system for shaft vibration. Figure 2 Shaft vibration measuring system for measurements in one planeBSISO10817-1:1998 4 BSI 04-2000 Depending on the measurement method, a conditioner may be necessary between the transducer and the signal processing instrumentation. The conditioner may
41、be either a self-contained unit or may be integral with the transducer or the signal processing instrumentation. No requirements are given in this part of ISO10817 for the indication instruments and the recording equipment. 5.1.3 Operating ranges The user should select a transducer system which is a
42、t least compatible with the relevant part of ISO7919 and/or the specification of the machine under evaluation. The output signal tolerances are given in clause6. 5.1.4 Characteristics to be specified The manufacturer shall specify the following: the range where the signal output is linear proportion
43、al to the gap between the target and transducer; the amplitude and phase response as a function of frequency where linearity is maintained (see6.2); the overall size and thread of the transducer for each measurement range (tip diameter 5mm, 8mm and 18mm, and thread M8 1, M10 1 and M20 1 are recommen
44、ded); the cable length (5 m is recommended); the power supply ( 24 V d.c. is recommended); the sensitivities (8 mV/4m for the 2mm range and 4mV/4m for the 4mm range is recommended where applicable); Figure 3 Kinetic orbit of the shaftBSISO10817-1:1998 BSI 04-2000 5 the output signal mode (voltage-cu
45、rrent); the maximum output signal; the output impedance and permissible load impedance; the classes of temperature; degree of protection IP-67 (dust-tight and protected against the effects of temporary immersion) in accordance with IEC60529:1989 is recommended. NOTEThe above are recommended industry
46、 standards in common use. 5.2 Absolute shaft vibration measuring systems 5.2.1 Introduction Two types of measuring systems are in use for the measurement of absolute shaft vibrations, as follows. a) A combined absolute-vibration and relative-vibration measuring system using a seismic transducer and
47、a relative shaft displacement transducer (non-contacting) mounted on the same structure. Their conditioned outputs are summed to provide a measurement of the absolute shaft motion. b) A shaft-riding probe, where a seismic transducer is mounted on the shaft so that it measures directly the absolute s
48、haft motion. 5.2.2 General structure of the sensing systems An absolute shaft vibration sensing system according to the requirements of this part of ISO10817 consists either of two sets of seismic and non-contacting transducers (non-contacting measurement) or of two shaft-riders (direct measurement)
49、 and the appropriate conditioners (Figure 4 and Figure 5). Figure 4 Absolute shaft vibration sensing system using a combination of non-contacting andseismic transducers for one measurement planeBSISO10817-1:1998 6 BSI 04-2000 The two transducer assemblies are radially mounted in orthogonal measurement directions in one measurement plane. Generally at one machine set there are several measurement planes with one or two shaft sensing devices for each plane. Depending o
