1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 10865-2:2015Wheelchair containment andoccupant retention systemsfor accessible transportvehicles designed for use byboth sitting and standingpassengersPart 2: Systems for forward-facingwheelchair-seated passengersBS ISO 10865-2:2015 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordTh
2、is British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 10865-2:2015. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee CH/173/1, Wheelchairs.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to i
3、nclude all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2015.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 79158 1 ICS 11.180.10; 43.100 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obliga
4、tions.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 September 2015.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO 10865-2:2015 ISO 2015Wheelchair containment and occupant retention systems for accessible
5、 transport vehicles designed for use by both sitting and standing passengers Part 2: Systems for forward-facing wheelchair-seated passengersDispositifs dimmobilisation des fauteuils roulants et systmes de retenue des occupants pour vhicules accessibles destins au transport de passagers assis et debo
6、ut Partie 2: Systmes pour les passagers assis dans des fauteuils roulants face la routeINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO10865-2First edition2015-09-15Reference numberISO 10865-2:2015(E)BS ISO 10865-2:2015ISO 10865-2:2015(E)ii ISO 2015 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2015, Published in Sw
7、itzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be
8、requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 10865-2:2015ISO 10865-2:2015(E)Foreword ivIn
9、troduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Design requirements 44.1 Design requirements for a forward-facing wheelchair passenger space (FF-WPS) 45 Performance requirements . 55.1 Strength of FF-WPS components . 55.2 Wheelchair containment and occupant retention 65.3
10、 Coefficient of friction of vehicle floor 76 Information, identification, and instruction requirements 76.1 Identification and labelling 76.1.1 Permanent labelling of components . 76.1.2 Identification . 76.1.3 Information for FF-WPS users and vehicle passengers 86.2 Instructions for installers 86.2
11、.1 General 86.2.2 Installation Instructions 86.2.3 Diagrams, drawings, and signs for installation 86.2.4 Warnings . 96.3 Instructions for vehicle operators 97 Test report and statement requirements . 97.1 Test report . 97.2 Statements . 10Annex A (normative) Test for wheelchair containment and occup
12、ant retention .11Annex B (normative) Strength tests for FF-WPS structures 18Annex C (normative) Specifications for surrogate wheelchairs .21Annex D (normative) Anthropomorphic test device .25Annex E (informative) Design of a low-g test apparatus .27Bibliography .30 ISO 2015 All rights reserved iiiCo
13、ntents PageBS ISO 10865-2:2015ISO 10865-2:2015(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each m
14、ember body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International
15、Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different typ
16、es of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be
17、 held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is inform
18、ation given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the
19、 following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 173, Assistive products for persons with disability, Subcommittee SC 1, Wheelchairs.ISO 10865 consists of the following parts, under the general title Wheelchair containment and occupant retenti
20、on systems for accessible transport vehicles designed for use by both sitting and standing passengers: Part 1: Systems for rearward-facing wheelchair-seated passengers Part 2: Systems for forward-facing wheelchair-seated passengersiv ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 10865-2:2015ISO 10865-2:2015(E)
21、IntroductionProviding safe transportation for wheelchair-seated passengers of motor vehicles usually requires installation of aftermarket equipment to secure the wheelchair and provide passenger restraint during emergency vehicle manoeuvres and crash conditions that are appropriate to the size and t
22、ravel conditions of the vehicle. ISO 10542-1 establishes design and performance requirements and associated test methods for wheelchair tiedown and occupant restraint systems (WTORS) intended for use by wheelchair-seated passengers in all types of motor vehicles that have been modified for use by pe
23、ople seated in wheelchairs. The provisions of ISO 10542-1 were based on the belief that WTORS manufacturers are not able to control the types of vehicles and travel modes in which most of their products are installed and used. ISO 10542-1 therefore requires frontal sled-impact testing of WTORS to no
24、minally worst-case crash conditions of smaller vehicles, such as full-size vans and minivans, using a simulated crash acceleration/deceleration pulse that results in a change in sled speed (delta V) of 48 km/h.While this one-size-fits-all approach to WTORS, crashworthiness testing is appropriate for
25、 equipment intended for general use in all types of motor vehicles, it generally leads to products that are over designed for larger and heavier vehicles used primarily in low-speed intra-city transportation. This is particularly the case for accessible transit vehicles in which passengers are allow
26、ed to travel standing as well as sitting, hereafter referred to as accessible transit vehicles for standing and sitting passengers (ATV-SS).Recognizing these different and significantly lower transportation safety requirements for ATV-SSs in a new standard can be expected to result in alternative so
27、lutions for safely transporting wheelchair-seated passengers in these vehicle environments that are more compatible with the operational needs (e.g. fixed-route schedules) of these transportation services, and that offer wheelchair users a greater level of usability and independence than is achieved
28、 with WTORS designed to comply with 48 km/h crash conditions. More specifically, accident/injury data for ATV-SSs indicate that the frequencies of occupant fatalities and serious injuries per million passenger kilometres travelled are significantly lower than for smaller vehicles that travel at much
29、 higher speeds.1In fact, analysis of data from police reports of accidents involving fixed-route intra-city buses indicates that the likelihood of a collision event for these vehicles is sufficiently rare to justify basing performance requirements for safety equipment installed in these vehicles on
30、accelerations and decelerations that occur during non-crash conditions, such as emergency vehicle manoeuvres, including sudden stopping, sudden acceleration, and turning. Three studies have clearly demonstrated that ATV-SS accelerations that may result from such emergency manoeuvres are all below 1
31、g.234In-vehicle wheelchair user studies and user surveys have shown that commonly installed 4-point tiedown systems cannot be used independently by wheelchair-seated passengers, and vehicle operators are therefore responsible to secure wheelchairs using a 4-point, strap-type tiedown.567Due to the in
32、creasingly independent nature of public vehicles in combination with the length of time it takes to properly apply 4-point tiedown systems to wheelchairs, bus operators and wheelchair users often forfeit the use of strap-type tiedowns or bus operators fail to properly use all four tiedown straps. Un
33、secured wheelchairs in ATV-SSs have been demonstrated to slide or tip forward during vehicle stops, and wheelchairs rotated into the aisle and scooters tipped sideways during vehicle turns.4Additionally, there is anecdotal evidence of wheelchair passengers coming out of their wheelchairs and sustain
34、ing serious-to-fatal injuries during normal or sudden vehicle stops and turns due to non-use or improper use of belt restraint systems.ISO 10542-1 provides design and performance criteria for docking-type tiedown systems which can be independently used by wheelchair users and reduce securement non-u
35、se. During in-vehicle observations, wheelchair users have expressed a preference for using a forward-facing automated docking securement system due to its independent and comfortable use, forward-facing travel direction and eliminated need for vehicle operator assistance.8However, wide-spread adopti
36、on of docking systems for use in ATV-SS cannot occur without the implementation of standardized universal docking interface geometry (described in ISO 10542-1 and ISO 7176-19 as a normative annex) for wheelchair securement on all wheelchairs, which is a long-term goal.Over the past decade, rear-faci
37、ng wheelchair passenger spaces (RF-WPS) have emerged in ATV-SSs because they allow independence and ease of use by wheelchair-seated passengers. ISO 10865-1 ISO 2015 All rights reserved vBS ISO 10865-2:2015ISO 10865-2:2015(E)includes design requirements and performance criteria for RF-WPS. However,
38、in-vehicle studies have shown that rear-facing travel is, for some people, less comfortable than forward-facing travel due to vertigo8and unexpected upper-body and head movements during vehicle stopping and starting.3Rear-facing travel also doesnt allow passengers to see stops down the road.Thus, al
39、though RF-WPS may be a safer and more independent solution for wheelchair-seated travellers, forward facing can be the preferred orientation for passengers in ATV-SSs. Also, in the US, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) currently allows rear-facing wheelchair transport but mandates at least o
40、ne forward-facing WPS in ATV-SSs. Therefore, rear-facing systems only serve part of the wheelchair-seated passenger population who seek safer transportation when using ATV-SSs.The purpose of this part of ISO 10865 is to establish minimum design requirements and performance criteria for forward-facin
41、g wheelchair passenger spaces (FF-WPSs) in ATV-SSs. This part of ISO 10865 also establishes test methods for the performance criteria, so that the passenger sitting in wheelchairs using a FF-WPS are provided a reasonable level of safety during transportation while maintaining a high level of usabili
42、ty and independence during travel in ATV-SSs. Since wheelchair and passenger act as independent systems under different types of vehicle accelerations (braking, accelerating and turning), a dynamic (non-static) test is required and described in Annex A. Furthermore, since manufacturers may design a
43、close-fitting means of occupant retention to retain a wheelchair passenger, the dynamic test method of Annex A requires the use of a test dummy that represents the anthropometrics of an average passenger seated in a wheelchair. A fundamental principle behind the concept of a FF-WPS in ATV-SSs is tha
44、t successful “containment” of an occupied wheelchair during normal travel and emergency vehicle manoeuvres is sufficient to provide a reasonable level of safety, that is, a level of safety comparable to that provided to other vehicle occupants, including standing passengers, who hold onto bars and s
45、traps to limit movement during non-crash vehicle accelerations and decelerations.The primary feature of a FF-WPS required by this part of ISO 10865 is a means to prevent forward movement of wheelchairs and their occupants during vehicle decelerations that occur in normal or emergency braking. Latera
46、l movement, rotation, and tipping of occupied wheelchairs in a FF-WPS are typically limited in one direction by the vehicle sidewall. Lateral movement, rotation, or tipping of the wheelchair into the centre aisle can be limited by a physical barrier, such as a vertical bar, horizontal bar or padded
47、stanchion. During motor vehicle acceleration, wheelchair movement toward the rear of the motor vehicle can occur. This movement is limited, in part, by friction of the vehicle floor within the FF-WPS that will generate resistance forces on the tyres of wheels that have been locked by applying the wh
48、eelchair brakes or by the drive train of powered wheelchairs for which the power has been turned off during travel. Due to insufficient resistance to rearward movement from manual brakes, FF-WPS must also provide other means for limiting rearward wheelchair movement. For example, rearward wheelchair
49、 movement can be limited by vehicle-anchored wheelchair containment devices, such as a bar or raised padded area behind the wheelchair), a wheel “capturing” device, or a hook-type device that is within easy reach and that can be secured to the wheelchair by most wheelchair passengers.Belt type occupant restraints have been provided in ATV-SSs to reduce the risk of injury among wheelchair passengers during travel. However, studies indicate that these belt-type occupant restraints are rarely used or are used improperly in ATV-SSs.579
