1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 11037:2011Sensory analysis Guidelines for sensory assessment of the colour of productsBS ISO 11037:2011 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK im
2、plementation of ISO 11037:2011. It supersedes BS 5929-10:1999, which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to T e c h n i c a l C o m m i t t e e A W / 1 2 , S e n s o r y a n a l y s i s .A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request t
3、o its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. BSI 2011 ISBN 978 0 580 66308 6 ICS 67.240 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standar
4、d was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2011.Amendments issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO 11037:2011Reference numberISO 11037:2011(E)ISO 2011INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO11037Second edition2011-07-15Sensory analysis Guidelin
5、es for sensory assessment of the colour of products Analyse sensorielle Lignes directrices pour lvaluation sensorielle de la couleur des produits BS ISO 11037:2011ISO 11037:2011(E) COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2011 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may
6、be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. +
7、 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2011 All rights reservedBS ISO 11037:2011ISO 11037:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction.v 1 Scope1 2 Normative references1 3 Terms and definitions
8、.2 4 Test conditions 4 4.1 General .4 4.2 Test room .4 4.3 Working area4 4.4 Lighting.4 4.5 Illuminance.5 4.6 Geometric conditions for illumination and viewing.5 4.7 Assessors 6 5 Test method .7 5.1 Principle7 5.2 Reference materials (colour standards)7 5.3 Apparatus.7 5.4 Test samples7 5.5 Procedur
9、e.7 6 Expression of results10 7 Test report11 Annex A (informative) Metameric matches 12 Annex B (informative) Viewing arrangements .13 Annex C (informative) Complementary information16 Bibliography17 BS ISO 11037:2011ISO 11037:2011(E) iv ISO 2011 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International O
10、rganization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been estab
11、lished has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardizat
12、ion. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting
13、. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such p
14、atent rights. ISO 11037 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 34, Food products, Subcommittee SC 12, Sensory analysis. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 11037:1999), which has been technically revised. BS ISO 11037:2011ISO 11037:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved
15、 vIntroduction For standardized colour comparison, it is necessary to have an assessor with normal colour vision and to have reproducible illumination and viewing conditions. It is usual to match colours to a standard in daylight, but the spectral composition of daylight varies considerably. Althoug
16、h it is difficult to control precisely the spectral distribution of artificial light sources, individual sources are more stable over a limited period than daylight and therefore enable more reproducible colour comparisons to be made. Unless otherwise agreed, the methods specified in this Internatio
17、nal Standard use diffuse daylight or an artificial daylight source representative of a phase of daylight with a correlated colour temperature of 6 500 K (CIE standard illuminant D65) for routine comparisons. If there is a dispute, the comparison should always be made under the specified artificial l
18、ight. Standards produced by the Commission Internationale de lclairage (CIE) and other documents (see the bibliography) are a primary source of internationally accepted and agreed data for light and lighting, for which international harmonization requires unique definitions. Note that, in documents
19、relating only to visual judgements, the term “observer” is frequently used in place of “assessor”. BS ISO 11037:2011BS ISO 11037:2011INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11037:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved 1Sensory analysis Guidelines for sensory assessment of the colour of products 1 Scope This Intern
20、ational Standard establishes guidelines for the sensory evaluation of the colours of products. The procedures specified are applicable to solid, semi-solid, powder and liquid products, which can be opaque, translucent, cloudy or transparent in nature, as well as matt or glossy. General information i
21、s also given about the viewing and lighting conditions to be used in various situations in sensory analysis, such as difference testing, profile analysis and grading methods, performed by panels of selected assessors or by individual experts in special situations. This International Standard does no
22、t deal with consumer testing or with assessment of the metamerism of colours of food products. NOTE 1 Metameric matches are described in Annex A. NOTE 2 Particular products can be subject to specific International Standards for their sensory analysis, e.g. ISO 35911, which specifies a wine-tasting g
23、lass. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 5492, Sensory an
24、alysis Vocabulary ISO 6658, Sensory analysis Methodology General guidance ISO 85861), Sensory analysis General guidance for the selection, training and monitoring of selected and expert assessors ISO 8589, Sensory analysis General guidance for the design of test rooms IEC 60050-845|CIE 17:1987, Inte
25、rnational electrotechnical vocabulary Chapter 845: Lighting|International lighting vocabulary 1) To be published. (Revision of ISO 8586-1:1993 and ISO 8586-2:2008) BS ISO 11037:2011ISO 11037:2011(E) 2 ISO 2011 All rights reserved3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms an
26、d definitions given in ISO 5492 and IEC 60050-845|CIE 17 and the following apply. 3.1 visual sensory assessor, noun observer, noun any person taking part in a sensory evaluation of product colour NOTE Adapted from ISO 5492:2008, 1.5. 3.2 hue attribute of a visual sensation according to which an area
27、 appears to be similar to one of the perceived colours, red, yellow, green and blue, or to a combination of two of them IEC 60050-845|CIE 17:1987, 02-35 3.3 photopic vision vision by the normal eye when it is adapted to levels of luminance of at least several candelas per square metre NOTE The cones
28、 are the principal active photoreceptors in photopic vision. IEC 60050-845|CIE 17:1987, 02-09 3.4 metameric colour stimuli metamers spectrally different colour stimuli that have the same tristimulus values NOTE The corresponding property is called “metamerism”. IEC 60050-845|CIE 17:1987, 03-05 3.5 c
29、olour rendering effect of an illuminant on the colour appearance of objects by conscious or subconscious comparison with their colour appearance under a referent illuminant IEC 60050-845|CIE 17:1987, 02-59) 3.6 colour rendering index measure of the degree to which the psychophysical colour of an obj
30、ect illuminated by the test illuminant conforms to that of the same object illuminated by the reference illuminant, suitable allowance having been made for the state of chromatic adaptation IEC 60050-845|CIE 17:1987, 02-61 3.7 colour matching action of making a colour stimulus appear the same in col
31、our as a given colour stimulus IEC 60050-845|CIE 17:1987, 03-16 BS ISO 11037:2011ISO 11037:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved 33.8 luminance threshold lowest luminance of a stimulus which enables it to be perceived NOTE The value depends on field size, surround, eye state of adaptation (pupil), an
32、d other viewing conditions. IEC 60050-845|CIE 17:1987, 02-45 3.9 defective colour vision anomaly of vision in which there is a reduced ability to discriminate between some or all colours IEC 60050-845|CIE 17:1987, 02-13 3.10 viewing conditions conditions under which a visual observation is made, inc
33、luding the angular subtense of the specimen at the eye, the geometric relationship of source, specimen, and eye, the photometric and spectral character of the source, the photometric and spectral character of the field of view surrounding the specimen, and the state of adaptation of the eye ASTM E28
34、4:20097 3.11 chromatic colour perceived colour possessing hue NOTE 1 In everyday speech, the word “colour” is often used in this sense to differentiate from white, grey or black. NOTE 2 The adjective “coloured” usually refers to chromatic colours. NOTE 3 Adapted from IEC 60050-845|CIE 17:1987, 02-27
35、. 3.12 chromatic adaptation change in visual hue after viewing coloured surfaces or lights 3.13 adaptation process allowing the eye to function in a wide range of illuminance levels by modifying its sensitivity through changes in pupil aperture and photochemical changes in the retina NOTE Adaptation
36、 to darkness takes longer than adaptation to brightness. 3.14 daylight illuminant illuminant having the same or nearly the same relative spectral power distribution as a phase of daylight IEC 60050-845|CIE 17:1987, 03-11 3.15 illuminance (at a point on a surface) ratio of the luminous flux incident
37、on an element of surface that contains the point and the area of that element IEC 60050-845|CIE 17:1987, 10-100 BS ISO 11037:2011ISO 11037:2011(E) 4 ISO 2011 All rights reserved4 Test conditions 4.1 General General conditions established in ISO 6658 shall be taken into account. Observations should b
38、e performed in a suitable place under strictly controlled conditions of lighting (type, level, direction), and of the surroundings of the viewing area and the geometric conditions (i.e. the relative positions of the light source, sample, and eye). The ideal viewing environment is a viewing box with
39、self-contained illumination designed for colour matching (see Figure B.1). For less exacting colour assessment, or where the facilities available or the nature of the samples make that impracticable, viewing may take place in a booth or in an open space. 4.2 Test room Ensure that the general guidanc
40、e for the design of test rooms for sensory analysis given in ISO 8589 is complied with. 4.3 Working area All surfaces in and around the working area should be achromatic to avoid colour contrast effects or colour adaptation by the assessor and to avoid influencing the chromatic characteristics of il
41、lumination reflected or diffused off it. For most surfaces, a light grey colour with a reflectance not lower than 0,5 is recommended. The luminance should be moderate and even, with an optimum wall luminance of approximately 100 cd/m2. The luminance of the viewing area should be equal to or slightly
42、 higher than that of the surroundings. The requirements are most important close to the viewing area and can be relaxed for the surroundings, especially if the samples are assessed in a viewing box with self-contained illumination. The interior of a booth for general use should be painted a matt neu
43、tral grey with a luminance factor of about 15 % (e.g. Munsell reference N4 and N5). However, when mainly light colours and near-white colours are to be compared, the interior of the booth may be painted so as to have a luminance factor of 30 % or higher (e.g. Munsell reference N6) in order to give a
44、 lower brightness contrast with the colour to be examined. 4.4 Lighting 4.4.1 General Samples that appear identical in colour under one illuminant may appear different under another. It is recommended that the minimum CIE colour rendering index Raof light for colour assessment in sensory laboratorie
45、s be 90, compared to CIE standard illuminant D65. For routine colour matching, artificial daylight may be used and exceptionally natural daylight may be used. Because the quality of natural daylight is variable and the assessors judgements are likely to be affected by surrounding coloured objects, f
46、or referee purposes closely controlled artificial illumination in a colour-matching booth shall be used. The assessor shall wear clothing of a neutral colour, and no strongly coloured surfaces, other than the test samples, shall be permitted in the field of view. 4.4.2 Natural daylight illumination
47、Diffuse daylight, preferably from a partially cloudy north sky in the northern hemisphere and a partially cloudy south sky in the southern hemisphere, and not reflected from any strongly coloured object (e.g. a red brick wall or green tree), shall be used. Direct sunlight shall be avoided. BS ISO 11
48、037:2011ISO 11037:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved 54.4.3 Artificial daylight illumination 4.4.3.1 General. The artificial sources specified in 4.4.3.2 and 4.4.3.3 shall be used. 4.4.3.2 Source approximating the CIE standard illuminant D65 (representing average daylight including the ultraviolet
49、 region, with a correlated colour temperature of approximately 6 500 K). NOTE 1 At the time of publication, no source is certified for CIE standard illuminant D65 but “artificial daylight” fluorescent tubes with a colour rendering index higher than 90 are widely used as an approximation to D65. NOTE 2 The spectral distribution of CIE standard illuminant D65 approximates average natural daylight better than the CIE standard illuminant C. Practical sources (daylight simulators for colorimetry) shall b
