1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 11338-1:2003 Stationary source emissions Determination of gas and particle-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Part 1: Sampling ICS 13.040.40 BS ISO 11338-1:2003 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 25 Ju
2、ne 2003 BSI 25 June 2003 ISBN 0 580 42118 X National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 11338-1:2003 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee EH/2, Air quality, to Subcommittee EH/2/1, Stationary s
3、ource emissions, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue und
4、er the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct app
5、lication. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed;
6、monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to v, a blank page, pages 1 to 25 and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document ind
7、icates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments Reference number ISO 11338-1:2003(E)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11338-1 First edition 2003-06-01 Stationary source emissions Determination of gas and particle-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Pa
8、rt 1: Sampling missions de sources fixes Dtermination sous forme gazeuse et particulaire des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques Partie 1: chantillonnage BSISO113381:2003ii BSISO113381:2003 iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references. 1 3 Terms and definitions. 2
9、 4 Principles and minimum requirements for the three sampling methods . 2 4.1 Principles. 2 4.2 General minimum requirements for all sampling methods 2 4.3 General preparation and sampling 3 5 Method A Dilution method. 4 5.1 Principle. 4 5.2 Minimum requirements. 4 5.3 Preparation and sampling 5 6 M
10、ethod B (Heated) filter/condenser/adsorber method. 7 6.1 Principle. 7 6.2 Minimum requirements. 7 6.3 Preparation and sampling 7 7 Method C Cooled probed/adsorber method 9 7.1 Principle. 9 7.2 Minimum requirements. 9 7.3 Preparation and sampling 10 Annex A (informative) Applicability of the sampling
11、 methods 12 Annex B (informative) Schematic presentations, dimensions and materials of some tested sampling devices 14 Bibliography . 25 BSISO113381:2003iv Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). Th
12、e work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-gov
13、ernmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
14、The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vo
15、te. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 11338-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 146, Air quality, Subcommittee SC 1, Stati
16、onary source emissions. ISO 11338 consists of the following parts, under the general title Stationary source emissions Determination of gas and particle-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Part 1: Sampling Part 2: Sample preparation, clean-up and determination BSISO113381:2003 vIntroduction Poly
17、cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of aromatic hydrocarbons, some members of which are probable and others possible human carcinogens. Human exposure to PAHs can occur via food, soil, water, air and skin contact with materials containing PAHs. While PAH are formed in natural processes (
18、e.g. forest fires), man-made atmospheric emissions of these compounds originate from the combustion of coal, gas, wood and oil, from a range of industrial processes such as coke production, aluminium smelting and from vehicles. The quantification of atmospheric releases of PAH from stationary source
19、s is an important part of the environmental impact assessment of certain industrial processes. BSISO113381:2003blankINTENRATIONAL TSANDADR IS-83311 O1:(3002E)I SO 3002 All irhgts seredevr 1Stationary source emissions Determination of gas and particle-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Part 1: Sa
20、mpling 1 Scope This part of ISO 11338 describes methods for the determination of the mass concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in flue gas emissions from stationary sources such as aluminium smelters, coke works, waste incinerators, power stations, and industrial and domestic com
21、bustion appliances. This part of ISO 11338 describes three sampling methods, which are here regarded as of equivalent value, and specifies the minimum requirements for effective PAH sampling. The three sampling methods are the dilution method (A), the heated filter/condenser/adsorber method (B) and
22、the cooled probe/adsorber method (C). All three methods are based on representative isokinetic sampling, as the PAHs are commonly associated with particles in flue gas. Information is provided to assist in the choice of the appropriate sampling method for the measurement application under considerat
23、ion. This part of ISO 11338 is not applicable to the sampling of fugitive releases of PAHs. NOTE Methods for sample preparation, clean-up and analysis are described in ISO 11338-2 and are intended to be combined with one of the sampling methods described in this part of ISO 11338 to complete the who
24、le measurement procedure. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
25、ISO 4225:1994, Air quality General aspects Vocabulary ISO 9096:1992, Stationary source emissions Determination of concentration and mass flow rate of particulate material in gas-carrying ducts Manual gravimetric method ISO 12141, Stationary source emissions Determination of mass concentration of par
26、ticulate matter (dust) at low concentrations Manual gravimetric method BSISO113381:20031IS-83311 O1:(3002E) 2 I SO 3002 All irhgts seredevr3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 4225 and the following apply. 3.1 chimney stack or final exit d
27、uct on a stationary process used for the dispersion of residual process gases 3.2 mass concentration concentration of a substance in an emitted flue gas, expressed in units of mass per cubic metre 3.3 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon PAH compound that contains two or more fused aromatic rings made up
28、 only of carbon and hydrogen atoms 3.4 stationary source emissions gases emitted by a stationary plant or process and transported to a chimney for dispersion into the atmosphere 4 Principles and minimum requirements for the three sampling methods 4.1 Principles Devices for the three sampling methods
29、, illustrated in Figure B.1 (Method A), Figures B.2 and B.3 (Method B) and Figure B.7 (Method C), can be applied for the sampling of PAH from stationary sources. They are regarded as likely to produce equivalent results, however no comparative trials have been published to establish this. In general
30、, as PAHs are present in both the vapour phase and on particles, the PAHs are collected in several parts of the sampling train: the particle filter, condensate flask and solid or liquid adsorber. The choice of the sampling method depends on the measurement application (see Table A.1 and Table A.2).
31、The three sampling methods A, B and C are discussed in detail in Clauses 5, 6 and 7, respectively. Annex A provides further information on the applicability of the sampling methods. After extraction and clean-up, the PAH are quantified either by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) using a
32、fluorescence detector, diode array or UV detector, or by GC-FID/MS (low or high resolution MS). Applicable methods for preparation, clean-up and determination are described in ISO 11338-2. 4.2 General minimum requirements for all sampling methods The following steps shall be carried out irrespective
33、 of the sampling method chosen. a) Carry out isokinetic sampling at representative points in the duct cross-section, in accordance with ISO 9096. b) Before sampling, rinse the inside of the sampling device with acetone, dichloromethane or methanol and then with toluene. Alternatively, immerse the pa
34、rts in methanol and subject them to ultrasonic vibration for 2 h, and subsequently dry at 150 C. Store these washings and analyse only if the results indicate that the sampler could have been contaminated before sampling, for example if the results unexpectedly exceed the relevant emission limit. c)
35、 Carry out a leak check before every sampling procedure. BSISO113381:20032IS-83311 O1:(3002E) I SO 3002 All irhgts seredevr 3If the joints in the equipment are of ground glass, any slight leak can be dealt with by wetting the joints with a small amount of clean water. Greases should never be used fo
36、r this purpose. d) The minimum velocity in the sorbent bed shall be: for XAD-2 (thickness 50 mm, volume 35 cm 3 ): less than 34 cm/s; for PU foam (thickness 50 mm, volume 98 cm 3 ): less than 30 cm/s. e) Check each batch of filters, solvents and reagents for preparation for background PAH levels. f)
37、 The glass parts of the sampling devices shall be protected from light during and after sampling, cooled after sampling and cleaned after the extraction procedure. g) Clean the probe thoroughly after each sample is taken. Add the probe rinse to the rinse from the rest of the sample. h) If the probe
38、is contaminated with particles which cannot be easily removed, wipe away the particles with a quartz wool swab steeped in acetone. Extract this quartz wool swab together with the filter. i) If the sampling device is cleaned at the measurement site for reuse there, the probe, the nozzle, the filter c
39、asings and all other parts of the sampling apparatus which have been in contact with the sample gas and so could still be contaminated shall, after cleaning to remove the sample, be rinsed with acetone, dichloromethane or methanol and followed by a toluene rinse. As before, this sample shall be pres
40、erved in case of concern about cross-contamination between samples. j) Extract samples within 1 week and preferably within 24 h. Store the samples in the dark at 7 C. 4.3 General preparation and sampling The following steps shall be carried out irrespective of the sampling method chosen. a) Choose t
41、he sampling location with regard to the safety of the personnel, the suitability of the measurement cross-section (in accordance with ISO 9096), accessibility and availability of electrical power. b) Before the sampling starts, determine the flue gas density, pressure, temperature and if possible th
42、e gas composition. In addition, to ensure isokinetic conditions, determine the velocity and temperature profile across the cross-section of the flue gas channel. Choose the correct size of the sampling probe nozzle calculated from the flue gas velocity and the approximate maximum flowrate achievable
43、 through the sampler to ensure that the sampler will be capable of isokinetic sampling at all the measurement points in the duct cross-section. c) The parts of the sampler which come into contact with the sample and which have been carefully cleaned in the laboratory shall be transported in clean bo
44、xes, all the components having been sealed carefully; assembled in situ, carefully avoiding contact with the operators fingers on the parts of the sampling equipment which will later be in contact with the sample. d) After sampling, store all materials containing sampled PAH under cooled conditions
45、and protected from light. The following data shall be recorded during sampling: sample volume (standard conditions); BSISO113381:20033IS-83311 O1:(3002E) 4 I SO 3002 All irhgts seredevr sample temperature (in the gas meter); mean flue gas velocity; diameter of the stack; moisture content of the flue
46、 gas; mean oxygen content of the flue gas during the sampling period; static pressure and temperature in the stack; sampling flowrate. To provide an estimate of the contamination present in the sampler and sampling matrices before sampling and as a result of sampler assembly and transport, an additi
47、onal sampling unit may be taken to the sampling location, rinsed and analysed. Unfortunately contamination incidents are random in their occurrence, and so this will only provide an estimate of the blank values. As a result, subtraction should not take place. However, results in which the contributi
48、on of this blank is substantial should be treated with caution. NOTE In order to obtain information on the performance of the sampler, internal standards can be added to the sampling equipment (e.g. on the filters or the adsorbent) and their recovery measured. However, the internal standards are bou
49、nd to the filter in a manner different to that by which the native PAHs are bound to the fly ash, so there may be differences in behaviour during sampling and extraction. 5 Method A Dilution method 5.1 Principle A proportion of the flue gas is collected isokinetically via a sampling probe heated to the temperature of the flue gas. The flue gas is cooled very rapidly to temperatures below 40 C in a mixing cham
