1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 11451-3:2015Road vehicles Vehicletest methods for electricaldisturbances from narrowbandradiated electromagneticenergyPart 3: On-board transmitter simulationBS ISO 11451-3:2015 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 1145
2、1-3:2015.It supersedes BS ISO 11451-3:2007 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee AUE/16, Data Communication (Road Vehicles).A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does
3、not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2015. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 78596 2ICS 33.100.20; 43.040.10Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fr
4、omlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2015.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 11451-3:2015 ISO 2015Road vehicles Vehicle test methods for electrical disturbances from narrowband ra
5、diated electromagnetic energy Part 3: On-board transmitter simulationVhicules routiers Mthodes dessai dun vhicule soumis des perturbations lectriques par rayonnement dnergie lectromagntique en bande troite Partie 3: Simulation des metteurs embarqusINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO11451-3Third edition2015-06
6、-01Reference numberISO 11451-3:2015(E)BS ISO 11451-3:2015ISO 11451-3:2015(E)ii ISO 2015 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2015, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form o
7、r by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8
8、CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 11451-3:2015ISO 11451-3:2015(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Test conditions . 15 Test location 25.1 General . 25.2 Absorber
9、 lined shielded enclosure (ALSE) . 25.3 Outdoor test site 26 Test instrumentation . 26.1 General . 26.2 Signal sources 26.2.1 Transmitters with antenna outside the vehicle 26.2.2 Transmitters with antenna inside the vehicle 36.3 RF power and field monitoring equipment 36.4 Antennas . 36.4.1 Transmit
10、ters with antenna outside the vehicle 36.4.2 Transmitters with antenna inside the vehicle 36.5 Stimulation and monitoring of the device under test 47 Test set-up . 47.1 Transmitters with antenna outside the vehicle 47.1.1 Simulated on-board transmitters 47.1.2 Commercial on-board transmitters . 67.2
11、 Transmitters with antenna inside the vehicle . 77.2.1 General 77.2.2 Simulated portable transmitters 77.2.3 Commercial portable transmitters . 88 Test procedure .108.1 General 108.2 Test plan . 108.3 Test method 118.3.1 Transmitters with antenna outside the vehicle .118.3.2 Transmitters with antenn
12、a inside the vehicle .128.4 Test report 13Annex A (informative) Typical characteristics of on-board transmitters .14Annex B (informative) Guidance on tuning antennas on the vehicle for minimum voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) 17Annex C (informative) Examples of simulated portable transmitter anten
13、nas 20Bibliography .54 ISO 2015 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 11451-3:2015ISO 11451-3:2015(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is norm
14、ally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in t
15、he work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the
16、 different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this docum
17、ent may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org
18、/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO pr
19、inciples in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 32, Electrical and electronic components and general system aspects.This third edition cancels and rep
20、laces the second edition (ISO 11451-3:2007), which has been technically revised.ISO 11451 consists of the following parts, under the general title Road vehicles Vehicle test methods for electrical disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy: Part 1: General principles and terminolog
21、y Part 2: Off-vehicle radiation source Part 3: On-board transmitter simulation Part 4: Bulk current injection (BCI)Annexes A, B and C of of this part of ISO 11451 are for information only.iv ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 11451-3:2015ISO 11451-3:2015(E)IntroductionIn recent years, an increasing
22、number of electronic devices for controlling, monitoring, and displaying a variety of functions have been introduced into vehicle designs. It is necessary to consider the electrical and electromagnetic environment in which these devices operate.Electrical and radio frequency disturbances occur durin
23、g the normal operation of many items of motor vehicle equipment. They are generated over a wide frequency range with various electrical characteristics and can be distributed to on-board electronic devices and systems by conduction, radiation, or both. Narrowband signals generated from sources on or
24、 off the vehicle can also be coupled into the electrical and electronic system, affecting the normal performance of electronic devices. Such sources of narrowband electromagnetic disturbances include mobile radios and broadcast transmitters.The characteristics of the immunity of a vehicle to radiate
25、d disturbances have to be established. ISO 11451 provides various test methods for the evaluation of vehicle immunity characteristics (not all methods need be used to test a vehicle).ISO 11451 is not intended as a product specification and cannot function as one. Therefore, no specific values for th
26、e test severity level are given.Protection from potential disturbances needs to be considered in a total system validation, and this can be achieved using the various parts of ISO 11451.NOTE Immunity measurements of complete vehicles are generally able to be carried out only by the vehicle manufactu
27、rer, owing to, for example, high costs of absorber-lined shielded enclosures, the desire to preserve the secrecy of prototypes, or a large number of different vehicle models. ISO 11452 specifies test methods for the analysis of component immunity, which are better suited for supplier use. ISO 2015 A
28、ll rights reserved vBS ISO 11451-3:2015BS ISO 11451-3:2015Road vehicles Vehicle test methods for electrical disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy Part 3: On-board transmitter simulation1 ScopeThis part of ISO 11451 specifies methods for testing the immunity of passenger cars a
29、nd commercial vehicles to electromagnetic disturbances from on-board transmitters connected to an external antenna and portable transmitters with integral antennas, regardless of the vehicle propulsion system (e.g. spark ignition engine, diesel engine, electric motor).2 Normative referencesThe follo
30、wing documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 11451-1, Road
31、 vehicles Vehicle test methods for electrical disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy Part 1: General principles and terminologyISO 11451-2, Road vehicles Vehicle test methods for electrical disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy Part 2: Off-vehicle radiati
32、on sources3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 11451-1 and the following apply.3.1integral antennapermanent fixed antenna which may be built-in, designed as an indispensable part of the portable transmitting device4 Test conditionsThe appli
33、cable frequency range of the test method is 1,8 MHz to 5,85 GHz.The user of this part of ISO 11451 shall specify the test severity level or levels over the frequency bands. Typical on-board transmitter characteristics (frequency bands, power level and modulation) are given in Annex A.NOTE Users of t
34、his part of ISO 11451 should be aware that Annex A is for information only and cannot be considered as an exhaustive description of various on-board transmitters available in all countries.Standard test conditions are given in ISO 11451-1 for the following: test temperature; supply voltage;INTERNATI
35、ONAL STANDARD ISO 11451-3:2015(E) ISO 2015 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 11451-3:2015ISO 11451-3:2015(E) dwell time; test signal quality.5 Test location5.1 GeneralThis test would typically be performed in an absorber lined shielded enclosure (ALSE). Where national regulations permit, the test can also
36、 be performed at an outdoor test site.5.2 Absorber lined shielded enclosure (ALSE)An absorber lined shielded enclosure with the characteristics specified in ISO 11451-2 is adequate for this test.NOTE At frequencies where absorbers are not effective, the reflections in the chamber can affect the expo
37、sure of the vehicle.5.3 Outdoor test siteWhere national regulations permit the use of an outdoor test site, the outdoor test site should have an area with a radius of 10 m free from large metal structures or objects. When performing outdoor test-site tests, care shall be taken to ensure that harmoni
38、c suppression regulations are met.6 Test instrumentation6.1 GeneralThe following test instrumentation is used: signal sources with internal or external modulation capability; power amplifier(s); power meter (or equivalent measuring instrument) to measure the forward and reverse power; field generati
39、ng devices: antennas; field probes (for environmental monitoring).6.2 Signal sources6.2.1 Transmitters with antenna outside the vehicleSignal sources for transmitters with antenna outside the vehicle can be simulated on-board transmitters: use of a signal generator and broadband power amplifier, and
40、 commercial on-board transmitters installed in vehicle capable of generating radio frequency (RF) power in their operational frequency ranges with specific output power.NOTE When using simulated on-board transmitters, it is advisable to place an RF choke (ferrite or powdered iron toroid, depending o
41、n frequency) around the coaxial cable to the antenna, in order to reduce skin currents and more closely simulate a transmitter installed in the vehicle.2 ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 11451-3:2015ISO 11451-3:2015(E)6.2.2 Transmitters with antenna inside the vehicleSignal sources for transmitter
42、s with antenna inside the vehicle can be simulated portable transmitters: use of a metallic box with similar dimension to the portable transmitter and amplifier (if needed), and commercial portable transmitters with integral antennas.6.3 RF power and field monitoring equipmentA power meter is requir
43、ed when using simulated on-board transmitters for measuring power to the antenna. Both forward power and reverse power shall be measured and recorded.6.4 Antennas6.4.1 Transmitters with antenna outside the vehicle6.4.1.1 Simulated on-board transmittersWhen an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) an
44、tenna is not installed on the vehicle, the antenna(s) described below shall be used. For frequency ranges lower than 30 MHz, loaded antennas shall be used. Loaded antennas employ lumped or distributed reactive components with a radiating element physically shorter than quarter wave at resonance. For
45、 frequency ranges higher than 30 MHz, e.g. for the very high frequency (VHF) and ultra-high frequency (UHF) bands, quarter wave antennas should be given preference over 5/8 wave antennas, since there are higher skin currents created by quarter wave antennas.All antennas shall be tuned on the vehicle
46、 for minimum voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR, typically less than 2:1), unless otherwise specified in the test plan. As a minimum, the VSWR value shall be recorded with the antenna on the vehicle at the lower and upper band edge and at a middle frequency (see Annex B for guidance on influence of c
47、able loss and VSWR).When an OEM antenna is actually installed on the vehicle, this antenna shall be used for the test in the appropriate frequency range. In this case, the VSWR shall not be adjusted, but shall be recorded.6.4.1.2 Commercial on-board transmittersThe vehicle OEM antenna shall be used
48、for the test in the appropriate frequency range. In this case, the VSWR shall not be adjusted.6.4.2 Transmitters with antenna inside the vehicle6.4.2.1 Simulated portable transmitterUnless otherwise specified the simulated portable transmitter antenna characteristics shall be a passive antenna as de
49、tailed in C.2. Examples of other antennas which can be used are defined in Annex C.All antennas should have a minimum VSWR (typically less than 4:1), unless otherwise specified in the test plan. As a minimum, the VSWR value shall be recorded at the lower and upper band edge and at a middle frequency.6.4.2.2 Commercial portable transmittersWhen a commercial portable transmitter with integral antenna is used, its antenna shall be used for the test in the appropriate frequency range. In this case, the VSWR shall n
