1、Paper and board Determination of CIE whiteness, D65/10 (outdoor daylight)BS ISO 11475:2017BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06 ISO 2017Paper and board Determination of CIE whiteness, D65/10 (outdoor daylight)Papier et carton Dtermination du degr de blanc
2、CIE, D65/10 (lumire du jour extrieure)INTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO11475Third edition2017-05Reference numberISO 11475:2017(E)National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 11475:2017. It supersedes BS ISO 11475:2004, which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was
3、entrusted to Technical Committee PAI/11, Methods of test for paper, board and pulps.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its
4、 correct application. The British Standards Institution 2017 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017ISBN 978 0 580 83774 6ICS 85.060Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Str
5、ategy Committee on 30 June 2017.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS ISO 11475:2017 ISO 2017Paper and board Determination of CIE whiteness, D65/10 (outdoor daylight)Papier et carton Dtermination du degr de blanc CIE, D65/10 (lumire du jour extrieure)INTE
6、RNATIONAL STANDARDISO11475Third edition2017-05Reference numberISO 11475:2017(E)BS ISO 11475:2017ISO 11475:2017(E)ii ISO 2017 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2017, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduce
7、d or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO
8、 copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 11475:2017ISO 11475:2017(E)ii ISO 2017 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2017, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unle
9、ss otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the a
10、ddress below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgISO 11475:2017(E)Foreword iv1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definition
11、s . 14 Principle 35 Apparatus and equipment 36 Calibration 47 Sampling 58 Preparation of test pieces . 59 Procedure. 510 Calculation and expression of results . 611 Precision . 712 Test report . 7Annex A (normative) Spectral characteristics of reflectometers for determining tristimulus values 8Annex
12、 B (normative) UV calibration service .13Annex C (informative) Precision 15Bibliography .16 ISO 2017 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 11475:2017ISO 11475:2017(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO memb
13、er bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, government
14、al and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance a
15、re described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).Attention
16、is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/
17、or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
18、 expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www .iso .org/ iso/ foreword .html.This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 6, P
19、aper, board and pulps.This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 11475:2004), which has been technically revised. The major change is to allow for calculations to use ASTM E308 for instruments that have bandpass correction and still maintain the non-bandpass-correction procedure
20、. This third edition also includes Precision Data.iv ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS ISO 11475:2017ISO 11475:2017(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standard
21、s is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take
22、part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In parti
23、cular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of
24、 this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see
25、www .iso .org/ patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well a
26、s information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www .iso .org/ iso/ foreword .html.This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 6, Paper, board and pulps.This third edition cancels and rep
27、laces the second edition (ISO 11475:2004), which has been technically revised. The major change is to allow for calculations to use ASTM E308 for instruments that have bandpass correction and still maintain the non-bandpass-correction procedure. This third edition also includes Precision Data.iv ISO
28、 2017 All rights reserved INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11475:2017(E)Paper and board Determination of CIE whiteness, D65/10 (outdoor daylight)1 ScopeThis document specifies the procedure to be used for determining the whiteness of papers and boards. The values obtained correspond to the visual appearan
29、ce of white papers and boards with or without fluorescent whitening agents when they are viewed under the CIE D65 daylight standard illuminant. It is based on reflectance data obtained over the full visible spectral range (VIS) in contrast to the measurement of ISO brightness which is limited to the
30、 blue region of VIS.In addition, it specifies a method for adjustment of the UV content to correspond to the CIE D65 daylight illuminant1011, insofar as results obtained when fluorescent whitening agents are present are dependent upon the UV content of the radiation falling upon the sample. It is sp
31、ecific for white fluorescent paper samples where the emission due to the fluorescent whitening agent (FWA) occurs in the blue region of the visible spectrum.This method is not applicable to coloured papers containing fluorescent dyes.This document should be read in conjunction with ISO 2469.NOTE 1 T
32、his document is based on the CIE whiteness formula, published in CIE 15.3-20049.NOTE 2 A related International Standard, ISO 11476, specifying the procedure for obtaining values corresponding to the appearance of these products under indoor illumination, has also been published.2 Normative reference
33、sThe following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) appli
34、es.ISO 186, Paper and board Sampling to determine average qualityISO 2469:2014, Paper, board and pulps Measurement of diffuse radiance factor (diffuse reflectance factor)ISO 4094, Paper, board and pulps International calibration of testing apparatus Nomination and acceptance of standardizing and aut
35、horized laboratories3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: ISO Online browsing platform: available at h t t p :/ www .iso .org/ obp IEC El
36、ectropedia: available at h t t p :/ www .electropedia .org/ NOTE The symbols used here are selected to maintain consistency, wherever possible, with Reference 8. ISO 2017 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 11475:2017ISO 11475:2017(E)3.1reflectance factorRratio of the radiation reflected by a body to that r
37、eflected by the perfect reflecting diffuser under the same conditionsNote 1 to entry: The ratio is expressed as a percentage.3.2intrinsic reflectance factorRreflectance factor (3.1) of a layer or pad of the material thick enough to be opaque, i.e. such that increasing the thickness of the pad by dou
38、bling the number of sheets results in no change in the measured reflectance factor3.3diffuse radiance factorratio of the diffusely reflected radiance of a body in a given direction to that of the perfect reflecting diffuser under specified conditions of irradiationNote 1 to entry: For fluorescent (l
39、uminescent) materials, the specified conditions of irradiation in this document are for CIE Standard Illuminant D65 and the diffuse radiance factor is strictly the total radiance factor, , which contains two components, the reflected radiance factor, R, and the luminescent radiance factor, L, so tha
40、t = R+ LNote 2 to entry: For non-fluorescent materials, the diffuse radiance factor, , is simply the reflectance factor, R (3.1).3.4intrinsic diffuse radiance factordiffuse radiance factor (3.3) of a layer or pad of the material thick enough to be opaque, i.e. such that increasing the thickness of t
41、he pad by doubling the number of sheets results in no change in the measured diffuse radiance factorNote 1 to entry: For fluorescent (luminescent) materials, the intrinsic diffuse radiance factor is, strictly speaking, the total intrinsic radiance factor, , which contains two components: the intrins
42、ic reflected radiance factor, ,R, and the intrinsic luminescent radiance factor, ,L, so that= ,R+ ,LNote 2 to entry: For non-fluorescent materials, the intrinsic diffuse radiance factor, R, is simply the intrinsic reflectance factor, R(3.2).3.5CIE whiteness valueW10measure of whiteness derived from
43、the CIE tristimulus valuesNote 1 to entry: CIE whiteness is dimensionless and is expressed as whiteness units.3.6green tint valuered tint valueTW10measure of the deviation from whiteness of the test material towards the green or red regionNote 1 to entry: The tint value is dimensionless and is expre
44、ssed as tint units.Note 2 to entry: A positive value of TW10indicates a greenish tint and a negative value indicates a reddish tint.2 ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS ISO 11475:2017ISO 11475:2017(E)3.1reflectance factorRratio of the radiation reflected by a body to that reflected by the perfect reflec
45、ting diffuser under the same conditionsNote 1 to entry: The ratio is expressed as a percentage.3.2intrinsic reflectance factorRreflectance factor (3.1) of a layer or pad of the material thick enough to be opaque, i.e. such that increasing the thickness of the pad by doubling the number of sheets res
46、ults in no change in the measured reflectance factor3.3diffuse radiance factorratio of the diffusely reflected radiance of a body in a given direction to that of the perfect reflecting diffuser under specified conditions of irradiationNote 1 to entry: For fluorescent (luminescent) materials, the spe
47、cified conditions of irradiation in this document are for CIE Standard Illuminant D65 and the diffuse radiance factor is strictly the total radiance factor, , which contains two components, the reflected radiance factor, R, and the luminescent radiance factor, L, so that = R+ LNote 2 to entry: For n
48、on-fluorescent materials, the diffuse radiance factor, , is simply the reflectance factor, R (3.1).3.4intrinsic diffuse radiance factordiffuse radiance factor (3.3) of a layer or pad of the material thick enough to be opaque, i.e. such that increasing the thickness of the pad by doubling the number
49、of sheets results in no change in the measured diffuse radiance factorNote 1 to entry: For fluorescent (luminescent) materials, the intrinsic diffuse radiance factor is, strictly speaking, the total intrinsic radiance factor, , which contains two components: the intrinsic reflected radiance factor, ,R, and the intrinsic luminescent radiance factor, ,L, so that= ,R+ ,LNote 2 to entry: For non-fluorescent materials, the intrinsic diffuse radiance factor, R, i
