1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 11662-2:2014Mobile cranes Experimentaldetermination of craneperformancePart 2: Structural competence under staticloadingBS ISO 11662-2:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 11662-2:2014.The UK participation in its
2、preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee MHE/3/5, Mobile cranes.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplica
3、tion. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 82531 6ICS 53.020.20Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee
4、 on 30 November 2014.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 11662-2:2014 ISO 2014Mobile cranes Experimental determination of crane performance Part 2: Structural competence under static loadingGrues mobiles Dtermination exprimentale des performances des grues Partie 2: Comptence
5、 structurale sous le chargement statiqueINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO11662-2First edition2014-11-01Reference numberISO 11662-2:2014(E)BS ISO 11662-2:2014ISO 11662-2:2014(E)ii ISO 2014 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2014All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this
6、 publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the
7、 country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandBS ISO 11662-2:2014ISO 11662-2:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword ivIntroduction v1 Scope
8、 . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 35 Limitations 56 Method of loading 56.1 Suspended load. 56.2 Side load (SL) 56.3 Deflection criteria . 67 Facilities, apparatus, and material 98 Preparation for test . 99 Test procedure and records .109.1 Final
9、 test preparation . 109.2 Zero stress condition 109.3 Dead load stress condition 109.4 Working load stress . 109.5 Overload test condition 1110 Stress evaluation .1110.1 Class I Uniform stress areas 1210.2 Class II Stress concentration areas 1210.3 Class III Column buckling stress areas . 1210.4 Cla
10、ss IV Local plate buckling areas 13Annex A (normative) Strength of materials .14Annex B (normative) Column buckling stress .17Annex C (normative) Test conditions and strength margins 24Annex D (informative) Report format 33Annex E (informative) Typical crane examples 35Bibliography .40BS ISO 11662-2
11、:2014ISO 11662-2:2014(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in
12、a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commissi
13、on (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents shoul
14、d be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for ide
15、ntifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the conve
16、nience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword
17、- Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 96, Cranes, Subcommittee SC 6, Mobile Cranes.ISO 11662 consists of the following parts, under the general title Mobile cranes Experimental determination of crane performance: Part 1: Tipping loads and radii Part 2: Stru
18、ctural competence under static loadingiv ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 11662-2:2014ISO 11662-2:2014(E)IntroductionWhen design calculations are made for mobile cranes, they are based on an ideal model in which all members and components are perfectly straight and fabrication has been exact. For
19、tension members and members subjected to bending, the difference between the real crane and the ideal model is usually not significant. But, for compression members subject to column buckling, an allowance for deviation in straightness and fabrication is necessary.When mobile cranes are tested non-d
20、estructively by means of strain gauges, the stresses determined intrinsically include these effects of deviations in straightness and accuracy of fabrication.This test method is intended to describe the approximate maximum loading conditions to which any component of the entire load-supporting struc
21、ture of a crane is subjected (See Annex D). In some cases, a more severe loading condition(s) can be indicated by analysis. In these cases, the more severe condition(s) can be added to or substituted for the specified test loading condition(s). This test method also classifies stress areas as Types
22、I (Uniform Stress Areas), II (Stress Concentration Areas), III (Column Buckling Areas), and IV (Local Plate Buckling Areas; see Clause 10), and defines limits for each class. Results can be used to correlate boom system calculation results for Class III stress areas as given by boom system calculati
23、ons. Test results for Class I stress areas throughout the structure can be used to check any available calculations. This test method evaluates Class II stress areas for which calculations are seldom available. Class IV stress areas, where disproportionately high stress readings can occur, can be re
24、viewed for better insight by calculation methods.A production boom system that has been rated by the methods of this part of ISO 11662 can be used on another machine without re-testing by the methods specified herein, provided the same analytical procedure shows its stress levels will be less than o
25、r equal to the stress levels in the original application, and provided that the supporting structure is as rigid as the original mounting. Rigidity of the supporting structure is determined by the change in the slope of the jib foot axis as test loads are applied. ISO 2014 All rights reserved vBS IS
26、O 11662-2:2014BS ISO 11662-2:2014Mobile cranes Experimental determination of crane performance Part 2: Structural competence under static loading1 ScopeThis part of ISO 11662 applies to mobile construction-type lifting cranes utilizinga) rope supported, lattice boom attachment or lattice boom, and f
27、ly jib attachment (see Annex E, Figure E.3),b) rope supported, mast attachment and mast mounted boom, and fly jib attachment (see Annex E, Figures E.1 and E.2), orc) telescoping boom attachment or telescopic boom and fly jib attachment (see Figure E.4).Mobile crane manufacturers can use this part of
28、 ISO 11662 to verify their design for the mobile crane types illustrated in Figures E.1 through E.4.This test method is to provide a systematic, non-destructive procedure for determining the stresses induced in crane structures under specified conditions of static loading through the use of resistan
29、ce-type electric strain gauges, and to specify appropriate acceptance criteria for specified loading conditions.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the ed
30、ition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 9373:1989, Cranes and related equipment Accuracy requirements for measuring parameters during testing3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the followi
31、ng terms and definitions apply.3.1strainrelative elongation or compression of material at any given point with respect to a specific plane passing through that point, expressed as change in length per unit length (m/m)3.2stressSinternal force per unit area resulting from strain, expressed in pascals
32、 (Pa) or newtons/square meterNote 1 to entry: For this document, megapascals (Mpa) will be used for brevity.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11662-2:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 11662-2:2014ISO 11662-2:2014(E)3.3yield pointSystress at which a disproportionate increase in strain occurs with
33、out a corresponding increase in stressNote 1 to entry: For purposes of this code, yield point is to be considered as the minimum 0,2 % offset tensile yield point or yield strength specified by the appropriate standard for the material used.3.4critical buckling stressScraverage stress which produces
34、an incipient buckling condition in column-type members (See Annex C)3.5initial reference test conditiondefined no-stress or zero-stress condition of the crane structure after the “break-in” as established bya) supporting the structure on blocking to minimize the effects of gravity, orb) the crane st
35、ructure components in an unassembled state or any alternate method that will establish the zero-stress condition. Under this condition, the initial reference reading for each gauge is obtained, N13.6dead load stress conditioncompletely assembled crane structure on the test site and in the position o
36、r attitude, ready to apply the specified live load at the specified radiusNote 1 to entry: Under this condition, the second reading for each gauge is obtained, N2.Note 2 to entry: The hook, hook block, slings, etc. are considered part of the suspended load but may be supported by the crane when this
37、 reading is taken. For dead load purposes, the hook in the “home” position suspended from the crane without lifting the test load. This position has to be repeated after placing the load back on the ground (see 9.4.4).3.7dead load stressS1stress computed as defined in Clause 10 by using the differen
38、ce in the readings obtained in 3.6 and 3.5 for each gauge (N2 N1)3.8working load stress conditioncompletely assembled crane structure on the test site and in the specified position, supporting the specified rated loadNote 1 to entry: Under this condition, the third reading for each gauge is obtained
39、, N3.3.9working load stressS2stress computed as defined in Clause 10 by using the difference in the readings obtained in 3.8 and 3.5 for each gauge (N3 N1)3.10resultant stressSrstress induced in the structure as a result of dead load stress (S1) or the working load stress (S2), whichever is greater
40、in absolute magnitude2 ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 11662-2:2014ISO 11662-2:2014(E)3.11column average stressSradirect compression stress in a column or the average stress computed from several gauges located at the section (see Annex B)3.12column maximum stressSrmmaximum compression stress in
41、a column computed from the plane of buckling as established from several gauges located at the section (see Annex B)3.13loadingsapplication of weights and/or forces of the magnitude specified under the condition specified3.14load radiushorizontal distance between the axis of rotation of the turntabl
42、e of the crane and the vertical axis of the hoist line or load block when the crane is erected on a level site4 Symbols and abbreviated termsE modulus of elasticityK effective length factor for a columnL un-braced length of columnLblength of boomLjlength of fly jibL1small arbitrary projected length
43、of fly jib along x-axisL2projected length of fly jib strut along y-axisn strength marginn1strength margin, Class I area, ratio of yield strength to resultant or equivalent stressn2strength margin, Class II area, ratio of yield strength to resultant or equivalent stressn3strength margin, Class III ar
44、ea, derived from an interaction relationshipN1strain reading at initial reference test conditionN2strain reading at dead load stress conditionN3strain reading at working load stress conditionr radius of gyrationRL rated load as specified by manufacturer“R” plane (Figure 1) perpendicular to boom foot
45、 pin centreline (CL)RR rated radius as specified by manufacturerS stress ISO 2014 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 11662-2:2014ISO 11662-2:2014(E)S1dead load stressS2working load stressSracolumn average stress computed from several gauges at a cross sectionScrcritical buckling stress for axially loaded c
46、olumnsSL side load, i.e. 0,02 RL;%SLpercentage of side load expressed as a percentage of rated load or %RL = Percentage of rated loadSLL side load leftSLR side load rightSrmmaximum compression stress in a columnSpstress at the proportional limitSrresultant stressSRCmaximum residual stress in compres
47、sionSystress at the yield pointSnull equivalent uniaxial stresst horiz. distance from the load centre to the front pad reaction centre for each box jib section0tensile yield stressxmaximum principal stressyminimum principle stressZnull lattice boom tip slope (out of plane)Zblattice boom tip deflecti
48、on from plane “R”Zjfly jib tip deflection from plane “R”Z1boom deflection at a point l1back from the boom tipZ2fly jib strut deflection at its tip imperfection factor fly jib offset angle from centreline (CL) jib strainastrain recorded from leg “a” of rosettebstrain recorded from leg “b” of rosettec
49、strain recorded from leg “c” of rosettedstrain recorded from leg “d” of rosettexmaximum principal strain4 ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 11662-2:2014ISO 11662-2:2014(E)yminimum principal strain units of strain, 106 fly jib tip rotation about x-axis (radians) Pi = 3,14160shear yield stress Poissons ratioX relative buckling stress ( = Scr/Sy)0initial relative slendernessrelative slenderness (= /c)slenderness ratio (= KL/r)creference slenderness ratio =piESySkallowable buckling stressSciEulers
