1、BRITISH STANDARD BSISO 11800:1998 Information and documentation Requirements for binding materials and methods used in the manufacture of books ICS 01.140.40BSISO 11800:1998 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the DISC Board, waspublished under the authorityof the Stand
2、ards Boardandcomes intoeffecton 15July1998 BSI 06-1999 ISBN 0 580 30050 1 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO11800:1998 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee IDT/2, Information and docum
3、entation, to Subcommittee IDT/2/9, Document preservation, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor relat
4、ed international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document m
5、ay be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British
6、 Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, theISO title page, pagesii to iv, pages1 to14 and a b
7、ack cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBSISO11800:1998 BSI 06-1999 i Contents Page National foreword In
8、side front cover Foreword iii Text of ISO11800 1blank iiBSISO 11800:1998 ii BSI 06-1999 Contents Page Foreword iii Introduction 1 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 2 3 Definitions 2 4 Principles 4 5 Required characteristics 4 6 Statement of compliance 5 Annex A (normative) Category A binding Sewn har
9、d cover binding 6 Annex B (normative) Category B binding Sewn soft cover binding 9 Annex C (informative) Guidelines for the production of soft cover and hard cover adhesive-bound books 11 Annex D (informative) Recommendations concerning fields of application 14 Table A.1 Minimum board thicknesses fo
10、r Category A books 8 Table B.1 Minimum cover grammages for Category B books 11 Descriptors: Documentation, publications, books, book production, binding, categories, specifications, characteristics.BSISO11800:1998 BSI 06-1999 iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a
11、 worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represente
12、d on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards ad
13、opted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least75% of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO11800 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC46, Information and documentation
14、, Subcommittee SC10, Physical keeping of documents. Annex A and Annex B form an integral part of this International Standard. Annex C and Annex D are for information only.blank ivBSISO11800:1998 BSI 06-1999 1 Introduction The usability and durability of books held in libraries and archives is a matt
15、er of natural concern to the public. Private book buyers and readers have a similar interest in such lasting qualities of the books they purchase. Books, in principle, should remain in good physical condition for as long as their contents are worth preserving. They should be manufactured to meet the
16、 requirements of their intended use. Industrialized manufacturing methods, unfortunately, have not improved the quality of the average book. An increasing percentage of recently produced books tend to fall apart prematurely. Tests in library laboratories and simple observation show that some of the
17、core problems lie in the binding materials and binding methods. Libraries and archives around the world are concerned about the consequences. It is envisaged that, more and more, recently acquired books will either fall apart before they are withdrawn from the collection for textual reasons, or they
18、 will have to be replaced or rebound. In either case, library and archival systems worldwide are likely to face enormous expenses in the future if the quality of the average book is not improved. This, for many public, academic and special libraries, could be an incentive to become more selective in
19、 their acquisitions and to buy fewer new titles. This International Standard addresses publishers and book manufacturers. It also addresses acquisition librarians and archivists with a view to informing library and archival staff about the good physical properties they should expect in the books the
20、y acquire for public use. The purpose of this International Standard is to provide a means of specifying manufacturing methods and binding materials to be used for the production and making of quality books. Good quality book bindings should be capable of withstanding ordinary use for a satisfactory
21、 period of time without significant breakdown of the binding structure. The properties of a durable book explicitly include the permanency of all the component parts, including its paper, the secure attachment of its leaves together, preferably by sewing, to form the book block, the secure attachmen
22、t of the book block to its protective cover, and the resistance of the cover to the effects of abrasion, soiling and exposure to light. The concept of durability includes the attribute of flexibility, i.e.the ability of a book to open well without stress under normal reading conditions. For heavy we
23、ar, long-term keeping and eventually rebinding of the book block, adhesive binding is not considered by this International Standard to be as recommendable as sewn binding. For that reason, adhesive binding is not an integral part of this International Standard. Yet adhesive-bound books can be manufa
24、ctured to meet such simple requirements as the secure attachment of their leaves together to form the book block, the secure attachment of the book block to its protective cover and some resistance of both paper and cover materials to the effects of wear and deterioration. Guidelines for the manufac
25、ture of well-produced adhesive-bound books, therefore, are included as an annex to this International Standard. The requirements for adhesive binding include the minimum requirements for acceptable bookbinding under circumstances mentioned in the scope of this International Standard, described in cl
26、ause C.1 of Annex C, and further explained in Annex D. For the sake of expediency, the numbering scheme applied in Annex A and Annex B of this International Standard is repeated in the Guidelines for adhesive-bound books in Annex C. Of concern regarding both sewn and adhesive binding are those metho
27、ds and materials that affect the ease with which a volume can be rebound or repaired. With this in view, and to ensure that books will open easily when in use, this International Standard also includes minimum requirements for the size of the inner margins which must be respected during the impositi
28、on of the text matter. 1 Scope This International Standard specifies manufacturing methods and materials that will result in durable hard cover and soft cover binding for books manufactured in commercial quantities. It does not apply to hand bookbinding, individual casing or binding of archival matt
29、er. Nor does it apply to fine binding which does not serve its normal purpose of primarily protecting a book block (such as sculptural art formed around book-like material). This International Standard has two normative annexes and one annex with a set of guidelines, each specifying the requirements
30、 for its special category of binding. Category A binding (Annex A) is intended for books of permanent retention; for books produced with a view to heavy use over prolonged periods, e.g.reference works; for valuable volumes requiring lasting protection; for items having lasting aesthetic value.BSISO
31、11800:1998 2 BSI 06-1999 Category B binding (Annex B) is intended for books and periodicals in soft cover and of permanent retention; for books and periodicals produced with a view to heavy use over prolonged periods; for valuable volumes requiring lasting protection; for items having aesthetic valu
32、e. Guidelines that specify recommended manufacturing methods and materials for soft cover and hard cover adhesive-bound books are given in Annex C. Annex D contains information regarding the fields of application suggested for category A and B bindings and for adhesive-bound books. 2 Normative refer
33、ences The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International St
34、andard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO302:1981, Pulps Determination of Kappa number. ISO534:1988, Paper and board Determinati
35、on of thickness and apparent bulk density or apparent sheet density. ISO536:1995, Paper and board Determination of grammage. ISO2758:1983, Paper Determination of bursting strength. ISO2835:1974, Prints and printing inks Assessment of light fastness. ISO4046:1978, Paper, board, pulp and related terms
36、 Vocabulary. ISO5081:1977, Textiles Woven fabrics Determination of breaking strength and elongation (Strip method) 1) . ISO5127-2:1983, Documentation and information Vocabulary Part2: Traditional documents. ISO5626:1993, Paper Determination of folding endurance. ISO6588:1981, Paper, board and pulps
37、Determination of pH of aqueous extracts. ISO9665:1993, Adhesives Animal glues Methods for sampling and testing. ISO9706:1994, Information and documentation Paper for documents Requirements for permanence. ANSI L29.1-1977 (R1984), Fabrics for Book Covers 2) . 3 Definitions For the purposes of this In
38、ternational Standard, the following definitions apply. 3.1 adhesive binding type of binding, hard cover or soft cover, in which the signatures are milled and the separate sheets glued together by means of an adhesive 3.2 adhesive line width of adhesive applied to a material prior to attaching it to
39、another material 3.3 alkaline buffered paper paper with a pH equal to or higher than7,0, and containing a compound (e.g.calcium carbonate) at a level sufficient to neutralize acid generated from degradation of the paper, from adjacent materials, or from atmospheric pollution 3.4 animal glue natural
40、glue prepared by adding glycerine to high-quality hide glue 3.5 bind to fasten sheets together and to attach them to protective covers, which may be made of a variety of materials, e.g.paper, board, cloth 3.6 binders board rigid, solid board, made from a base stock of paper pulp, and of a grammage o
41、f225g/m 2or more 3.7 bursting strength maximum uniformly distributed pressure, applied at right angles to its surface, that a test piece will stand before it breaks under the conditions defined in the standard test methods 1) ASTM D5035-90, Standard Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of T
42、extile Fabrics (Strip Force) is technically identical to ISO5081. 2) May be obtained from ANSI at the address:11 West42nd Street, 13th floor, New York, N.Y. 10036, USA.BSISO11800:1998 BSI 06-1999 3 3.8 casing-in process of applying adhesive to the outermost endpapers of a book block and fitting the
43、book block into its case 3.9 cross-link setting up of chemical links between the molecular chains of polymers, resulting in embrittlement of the object 3.10 endpaper folded sheet of paper attached to the book block, the outer sheet to face the inner side of its board; adhesive is applied to the oute
44、r page of each endsheet when the book block is cased in 3.11 EVA hot-melt (Ethylene vinyl acetate co-polymer) thermoplastic adhesive made of ethylene vinyl acetate co-polymer, with fast-setting qualities but low resistance to environmental factors and ageing 3.12 folding endurance logarithm (to the
45、base of10) of the number of double folds required to cause rupture in a strip of paper15mm wide tested under applied standard stress conditions 3.13 forwarding steps in binding that take place after sewing and prior to a book being cased in; usually it includes rounding, backing and lining the spine
46、 and it may include tipping-in the endpapers 3.14 gluing-off process of applying adhesive to the spine of the book block after sewing 3.15 hard cover book book bound in a rigid material, usually binders board, made either from sewn leaves or as an adhesive binding from sheets glued together 3.16 hot
47、-melt adhesive family of polymer adhesives often applied in commercial publishers bindings to non-standard sewn or adhesive book blocks NOTEThe term is often used to mean EVA hot-melt, cf. 3.11. 3.17 inner margin unprinted space between the printed area of a page and the centrefold of the signature
48、3.18 insert sheets or signatures, usually with illustrations, printed separately from the text and sewn or pasted into the book block during binding 3.19 lining materials (cloth and paper) adhered to the spine of the book block or the spine of the case 3.20 machine direction direction in a paper or
49、a board corresponding to the direction of travel of the web on the paper or board machine NOTEMachine direction is often but not necessarily always identical with “grain direction”, the direction in which the majority of fibres lie in a sheet of machine-produced paper or board. 3.21 milling process of preparing the book block for adhesive binding by milling the binding edge 3.22 nipping applying pressure to the book block after sewing and gluing-off the back to reduce swelling caused by the thread 3.23 notching cut
