1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 11994:1997 Cranes Availability Vocabulary ICS 01.040.53; 53.020.20BSISO11994:1997 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Board, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 July 1998 BS
2、I 05-1999 ISBN 0 580 30120 6 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 11994:1997 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee MHE/3, Cranes and derricks, which has responsibility to: aid enquirers t
3、o understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represen
4、ted on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence
5、 Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itse
6、lf confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, theISO title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 16 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. T
7、his will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBSISO 11994:1997 BSI 05-1999 i Contents Page National foreword Inside front cover Foreword ii Scope 1 Normative reference 1 Terms and definitions 2 1 General terms 2 2 Co
8、nditions 3 3 Defects, damages and failures 4 4 Time concepts 8 5 Maintenance and repair 9 6 Measures of reliability 10 7 Measures of failure-free operation 11 8 Measures of durability 12 9 Measures of maintainability 12 10 Measures of availability 13 Alphabetical index 14ii blankBSISO 11994:1997 ii
9、BSI 05-1999 Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject f
10、or which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on
11、 all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard
12、ISO 11994 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 96, Cranes, Subcommittee SC 2, Terminology. Descriptors: Handling equipment, lifting equipment, cranes (hoists), availability, vocabulary.BSISO 11994:1997 BSI 05-1999 iii Avant-propos LISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fdr
13、ation mondiale dorganismes nationaux de normalisation (comits membres de lISO).“_”laboration des Normes internationales est en gnral confie aux comits techniques de lISO. Chaque comit membre intress par une tude a le droit de faire partie du comit technique cr cet effet. Les organisations internatio
14、nales, gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec lISO participent galement aux travaux. LISO collabore troitement avec la Commission lectrotechnique internationale (CEI) en ce qui concerne la normalisation lectrotechnique. Les projets de Normes internationales adopts par les comits t
15、echniques sont soumis aux comits membres pour vote. Leur publication comme Normes internationales requiert lapprobation de 75 % moins des comits membres votants. La Norme internationale ISO 11994 a t labore par le comit technique ISO/TC 96, Appareils de levage charge suspendue, sous-comit SC 2, Term
16、inologie. Descripteurs: Matriel de manutention, appareil de levage, grue, disponibilit, vocabulaire.BSISO 11994:1997 iv BSI 05-1999BSISO 11994:1997 BSI 05-1999 1 Scope Domaine dapplication This International Standard establishes generally accepted terms and definitions relating to availability of al
17、l types of cranes as defined in ISO4306-1 with the aim of making contracts and mutual understanding easier. La prsente Norme internationale tablit les termes et dfinitions gnralement admis, relatifs la disponibilit de tous les types de grues, comme indiqu dans lISO 4306-1, avec pour objectif de faci
18、liter llaboration des contrats et damliorer la comprhension mutuelle. The terms and definitions are to be used by crane designers, manufacturers, inspecting authorities, users and others. Les termes et dfinitions seront utiliss par les concepteurs de grues, les constructeurs, les organismes de contr
19、le, les utilisateurs et tout autre personnel concern. Normative reference Rfrence normative The following standard contains provisions, which through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication, the edition indicated was valid. All standar
20、ds are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the standard listed below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 4306-1:
21、1990, Cranes Vocabulary Part1:General. La norme suivante contient des dispositions qui, par suite de la rfrence qui en est faite, constituent des dispositions valables pour la prsente Norme internationale. Au moment de la publication, ldition indique tait en vigueur. Toute norme est sujette rvision
22、et les parties prenantes des accords fonds sur la prsente Norme internationale sont invites rechercher la possibilit dappliquer ldition la plus rcente de la norme indique ci-aprs. Les membres de la CEI et de lISO possdent le registre des Normes internationales en vigueur un moment donn. ISO 4306-1:1
23、990, Appareils de levage charge suspendue Vocabulaire Partie1:Gnralits.BSISO 11994:1997 2 BSI 05-1999 Terms and definitions Termes et dfinitions 1 General terms 1 Termes gnraux 1.1 product component (crane, assembly unit, part, element) whose availability and reliability (1.8) in operation are being
24、 considered 1.1 produit composant de grue (unit dun ensemble, pice, mcanisme ou lment) dont la disponibilit et la fiabilit (1.8) fonctionnelle sont ltude 1.2 serviceability ability of a product to perform the specified functions 1.2 aptitude au fonctionnement caractristique dun produit indiquant son
25、 aptitude accomplir les fonctions spcifies 1.3 unserviceability inability of a product to perform the specified functions 1.3 inaptitude au fonctionnement caractristique dun produit indiquant son inaptitude accomplir les fonctions spcifies 1.4 failure-free operation a feature of the product which in
26、dicates that it consistently retains serviceability (1.2) over a specified period of time or specified operating time(4.1), as applicable 1.4 fonctionnement sans panne caractristique dun produit indiquant son aptitude tre utilis dune manire constante pendant une dure dtermine ou pendant une dure de
27、fonctionnement (4.1) spcifie, selon le cas 1.5 1.5 maintainability maintenabilit a feature of the product which facilitates maintenance and restoration of the serviceability (1.2) caractristique dun produit indiquant sa facilit de maintenance et de remise en serviceBSISO 11994:1997 BSI 05-1999 3 1.6
28、 1.6 durability durabilit a feature of the product to retain the serviceability (1.2) until a marginal condition (2.1) is approached, with a predetermined system of maintenance and repair being used caractristique dun produit indiquant son aptitude au fonctionnement (1.2) dune manire constante jusqu
29、 ce quune condition marginale (2.1) soit approche, grce un systme de maintenance et de dpannage prdfini 1.7 1.7 storageability aptitude au stockage a feature of the product to retain failure-free operation (1.4), durability (1.6) and maintainability (1.5) after proper storage and transportation cara
30、ctristique dun produit indiquant sa facult de fonctionnement sans panne (1.4), sa durabilit (1.6) et sa maintenabilit (1.5) aprs un stockage et un transport appropris 1.8 1.8 reliability fiabilit a feature of a product which characterizes the ability to perform, within specified limits, required fun
31、ctions of failure-free operation (1.4), durability (1.6), maintainability (1.5), storageability (1.7) and transportability, or combinations of these features caractristique dun produit dfinissant son aptitude accomplir, dans les limites prescrites, les prestations exiges telles que le fonctionnement
32、 sans panne (1.4), la durabilit (1.6), la maintenabilit (1.5), laptitude au stockage (1.7) et au transport, ou la combinaison de ces caractristiques 2 Conditions 2 Conditions 2.1 2.1 marginal condition condition marginale condition of a product when further use for its purpose is intolerable or impr
33、actical, or when impractical to restore serviceability (1.2) condition dun produit dans laquelle une utilisation ultrieure nest pas tolre ou irralisable, ou condition dans laquelle il est impossible de remettre le produit en serviceBSISO 11994:1997 4 BSI 05-1999 2.2 2.2 marginal condition criteria c
34、ritres de condition marginale criterion or set of criteria of the marginal condition (2.1) of a product, specified in the standards and technical and design documentation critre ou ensemble de critres de la condition marginale (2.1) dun produit, spcifis dans les normes et dans la documentation techn
35、ique et de rfrence 3 Defects, damages and failures 3 Dfauts, dommages et pannes 3.1 3.1 defect dfaut a nonconformity, explicit or latent, of a product with any requirement of the standards and technical and design documentation, which occurs prior to its usage, during manufacture, or repair divergen
36、ce condition de non-conformit, explicite ou latente, toute prescription de normes et de documentation de rfrence dun produit, se produisant avant son utilisation, en cours de fabrication ou pendant son dpannage 3.2 3.2 damage dommage undesirable condition caused by an event disturbing the good condi
37、tion of the product condition indsirable provoque par un vnement troublant le bon fonctionnement du produit 3.3 3.3 failure panne event causing the loss or reduction of the nominal serviceability (1.2) of the product, that is “complete” if it results in the unserviceability (1.3) of the product, or
38、“partial” if it results in reduced serviceability vnement provoquant la perte ou la rduction de laptitude au fonctionnement (1.2) initiale du produit et qui est totale si le produit ne fonctionne plus et partielle si le fonctionnement nest que rduitBSISO 11994:1997 BSI 05-1999 5 3.4 3.4 interruption
39、 interruption single temporary failure (3.3) or damage (3.2), or a single failure or damage that can be removed by a minor action by the operator panne (3.3) unique ou dommage (3.2) temporaire, ou une panne unique ou un dommage pouvant tre limin aprs une intervention simple de loprateur 3.5 3.5 fail
40、ure criteria critres de panne criterion or set of criteria of the unserviceability (1.3) of a product, specified in the standards and technical and design documentation critre ou ensemble de critres de linaptitude au fonctionnement (1.3) dun produit, spcifis dans les normes et la documentation techn
41、ique et de rfrence 3.6 3.6 failure cause cause de la panne phenomena, processes, events or conditions responsible for failure initiation phnomnes, procds, vnements ou conditions responsables de lorigine de la panne (3.3) 3.7 3.7 failure effect consquences de la panne phenomena, processes, events or
42、conditions caused by failure initiation phnomnes, procds, vnements ou conditions provoqus par lapparition de la panne (3.3) 3.8 3.8 minor failure panne mineure failure (3.3) resulting in insignificant effects panne (3.3) nayant pas dincidence significative 3.9 3.9 major failure panne majeure failure
43、 (3.3) resulting in significant effects panne (3.3) ayant une incidence significativeBSISO 11994:1997 6 BSI 05-1999 3.10 3.10 critical failure panne critique failure (3.3) which endangers human life, health or environment, or which causes heavy economic losses panne (3.3) qui met la vie de lhomme en
44、 danger, sa sant ou son environnement, ou qui entrane des pertes financires importantes 3.11 3.11 marginal failure panne marginale failure (3.3) resulting in the transition of a product to the marginal condition (2.1) panne (3.3) engendre par le passage dun produit vers une condition marginale (2.1)
45、 3.12 3.12 primary failure panne principale failure (3.3) not caused by other failures panne (3.3) non provoque par dautres pannes 3.13 3.13 secondary failure panne secondaire failure (3.3) caused by other failures panne (3.3) provoque par dautres pannes 3.14 3.14 sudden failure panne subite failure
46、 (3.3) characterized by the abrupt transition of a product to the condition of unserviceability (1.3) panne (3.3) caractrise par le passage brutal du produit dun tat normal un tat dinaptitude au fonctionnement (1.3) 3.15 3.15 gradual failure panne progressive failure (3.3) resulting from a gradual c
47、hange of one or more criteria panne (3.3) caractrise par un changement progressif dun ou de plusieurs critres 3.16 3.16 intermittent failure panne intermittente repeated temporary failure (3.3) of one and the same nature panne (3.3) temporaire rpte dune seule et mme natureBSISO 11994:1997 BSI 05-199
48、9 7 3.17 3.17 explicit failure panne explicite failure (3.3) detectable by regular methods and means of inspection, examinations or testing during the preparation of a product for usage or during its usage for the purpose panne (3.3) dtectable par les mthodes, les moyens dinvestigation, les examens ou les essais habituels pendant la phase de prparation lexploitation du produit, ou au cours de son utilisation normale 3.18 3.18 latent failure panne latente failure (3.3) undetectable by regular methods and means of inspection, examinations or testing, but which can be revealed
