1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 12040: 1997 Incorporating Corrigendum No. 1 Graphic technology Prints and printing inks Assessment of light fastness using filtered xenon arc light ICS 87.080 BS ISO 12040:1997 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Sector Board for Materials a
2、nd Chemicals, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 May 1997 BSI 27 February 2003 ISBN 0 580 27552 3 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 12040:1997 and implements it as the UK national standard. Together with BS ISO 2834:1999
3、, BS ISO 2836:1999 and BS ISO 2837:1996, this British Standard supersedes BS 4321:1969 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PAI/43, Graphic technology, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the re
4、sponsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on
5、 request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the
6、BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary o
7、f pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the ISO title page, page ii, pages 1 to 5 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside
8、front cover. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments 14351 Corrigendum No. 1 27 February 2003 Addition of supersession details to national forewordBS ISO 12040:1997 BSI 27 February 2003 i Contents Page National foreword Inside front cover Foreword ii Introduction 1 1S c o p e 1 2
9、Normative references 1 3 Definitions 1 4 Test methods 1 5T e s t i n g o f i n k s 4 6 Test report 4 Annex A (informative) Bibliography 5 Table 1 2ii blankBS ISO 12040:1997 ii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (IS
10、O member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, gove
11、rnmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to th
12、e member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO 12040 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 130, Graphic technology. Annex A of this International Standard is for information
13、only. Descriptors: Graphic technology, prints, printing inks, tests, artificial light tests, xenon lamps, estimation, colour fastness, grey scale.BS ISO 12040:1997 BSI 27 February 2003 1 Introduction The method for evaluating light fastness described in this International Standard using blue wool re
14、ferences is in technical conformity with the method given in ISO 2835. However, according to the latter, natural daylight shall be used to obtain a valid assessment of light fastness. This International Standard describes an accelerated test method by specifying the light source and filters for dayl
15、ight simulation as well as exposure of the test samples to artificial daylight. In addition, this International Standard is partly in agreement with ISO 105-B02. For more information on apparatus and test methods, ISO 105-B02 is recommended as a reference. 1 Scope This International Standard specifi
16、es a method for assessing the light fastness of prints and printing inks, by giving the general test requirements for prints; the special test requirements for inks. This International Standard applies to all print substrates such as paper, board, metals (thin metal sheets and plate) and plastic fil
17、ms and to all printing processes. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and p
18、arties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 105-A02:1993, Textiles Tests for co
19、lour fastness Part A02: Grey scale for assessing change in colour. ISO 105-B02:1994, Textiles Tests for colour fastness Part B02: Colour fastness to artificial light: Xenon arc fading lamp test. ISO 2834:1981, Printing inks Preparation of standardized prints for determination of resistance to physic
20、al and chemical agents. ISO 3664:1975, Photography Illumination conditions for viewing colour transparencies and their reproductions. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the following definitions apply. 3.1 light fastness of prints to filtered xenon arc light resistance of
21、 the print to the effects of a fixed light source (filtered xenon arc light) without direct influence from the weather 3.2 light fastness of a printing ink resistance of a standard print assessed in accordance with the instructions given in this International Standard relating to prints 4 Test metho
22、ds 4.1 Principle A test piece together with blue wool references is exposed to xenon arc light under specified conditions at the same time. Light fastness is evaluated by noting on the scale of blue wool references the rating of that reference which has undergone a change similar to that of the test
23、 print.BS ISO 12040:1997 2 BSI 27 February 2003 4.2 Apparatus and materials 1) 4.2.1 Xenon arc lamp apparatus The instrument chosen may be either air cooled or water cooled and shall be used as indicated by the manufacturer. 4.2.2 Blue wool references The light fastness of prints is estimated by com
24、parison with a standard range of eight blue dyes on wool cloth, their degree of light fastness being in regular steps. These dyes are largely unaffected by variation in temperature and humidity, and constitute an acceptable scale for the determination of the light fastness of all types of prints, wh
25、atever their colour, type and intensity. The light fastness of prints is expressed as the number corresponding to one of the eight blue wool references. The range “1” denotes the lowest degree of light fastness and “8” the highest. The eight ranges are as follows: The range of the blue wool referenc
26、es is that established for textiles (see Table 1). The blue wool references shall be protected from light before use. Table 1 The details shown in the column “Dye” correspond to the specifications given in the same column of the relevant table in ISO 105-B02. 4.2.3 Grey scale A grey scale is used fo
27、r the determination of colour change in accordance with ISO 105-A02. 4.2.4 Black-Panel-Thermometer The Black-Panel-Thermometer is used as a standard reference to assess the temperature of the test sample due to the absorption of black body radiation. It shall include a metal plate with dimensions of
28、 not less than 45 mm 100 mm, whose temperature is measured by means of a thermometer or a thermocouple (see 4.3.2). The sensitive part of this thermometer shall be in good contact with the centre of the metal plate. The part of the metal plate facing the light source shall be covered with a black co
29、ating, which has 1) Information on sources of apparatus and reference materials may be obtained by writing to the following address (and including a stamped addressed envelope): Secretariat of ISO/TC 38/SC 1 British Standards Institution (BSI) 389 Chiswick High Road LONDON W4 4AL United Kingdom 1 Ve
30、ry poor 5 Good 2 Poor 6 Very good 3 Moderate 7 Excellent 4 Relatively good 8 Outstanding Light-fastness rating Dye 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Acid blue 104 Acid blue 109 Acid blue 83 Acid blue 121 Acid blue 47 Acid blue 23 Solubilized Vat blue 5 Solubilized Vat blue 8BS ISO 12040:1997 BSI 27 February 2003 3 an
31、 infrared reflection of less than 5 % of the amount of light which strikes the test pieces. The side which is not facing the light source shall be thermally insulated. 4.2.5 Light source The light source is a xenon arc lamp with a colour temperature of 5 500 K to 6 500 K. 4.2.6 Filter A plane glass
32、plate shall be placed between the light source and the test pieces and/or blue wool references in order to reduce constantly the ultraviolet radiation from the xenon arc lamp. This filter should completely absorb radiation at wavelengths below 310 nm. The transparency of the glass filters shall be a
33、t least 90 % in the range of wavelengths from 380 nm to 700 nm (simulating sunlight behind window glass). 4.3 Procedure 4.3.1 Preparation for testing The test pieces and the blue wool references are mounted together and partly covered by opaque board, the thickness of which is at least 0,5 mm (for e
34、xample board rendered impervious to infrared radiation by being covered with a sheet of aluminium). 4.3.2 Illumination and test conditions The test pieces and blue wool references are mounted together as closely as possible in a well-ventilated test chamber and shall be exposed to the same amount of
35、 radiation. The temperature of the test pieces shall not exceed 45 C as measured by the Black-Panel-Thermometer. If glass or water filters are used to avoid high temperatures resulting from infrared radiation, they shall be cleaned frequently in order to avoid filtering of the light caused by dirt.
36、Furthermore, the instructions from the supplier concerning lifetime of lamps and exchange of filters shall be respected. 4.4 Light fastness of prints 4.4.1 Exposure The test is carried out as follows. Expose the samples to the light in a prescribed manner for a time sufficient to cause a distinct ch
37、ange. A distinct change is defined as equal to or less than grade 3 of the grey scale referenced in 4.2.3. The operator should take precautions to make sure that he does not experience light fatigue during the operation and that standard graphic arts viewing conditions (see ISO 3664) are used for th
38、e visual checks. Determine which of the blue wool references has changed to an extent equal to that of the test piece. NOTE For a simultaneous and systematic examination of a series of prints, the following method is recommended for a single test: Expose all prints until reference 3 of the range of
39、blue wool references shows a distinct change (grade 3 of the grey scale). Cover approximately a quarter of the exposed part of the print and of the reference and continue exposure to light until reference 5 shows a distinct change. Cover a quarter of the remaining exposed part and continue to expose
40、 to light until a clearly visible change corresponding to grade 3 of the grey scale is noted in reference 6. Cover once more and continue exposure to the point where a change in reference 7 becomes just visible (grade 4 of the grey scale). This process of exposure by successive coverings makes it po
41、ssible to assess prints with very different degrees of light fastness in a single test. 4.4.2 Evaluation Give the test piece a light-fastness rating that corresponds to the number of the blue wool reference that has a distinct change (grade 3) at the same time that the test piece shows a distinct ch
42、ange. Should the change in the test piece fall between the changes of two successive references, the test piece should be given the two corresponding ratings (e.g. 67). This method of grading shall not be used below rating 5. If the test pieces colour darkens, the light fastness is followed by the l
43、etter “N”. 4.5 Light fastness of the substrate Optionally, the light fastness of the substrate may be assessed, in which case it shall be tested according to the procedure described in this International Standard. Time required for the test piece to show a distinct change (see 4.4.2).BS ISO 12040:19
44、97 4 BSI 27 February 2003 5 Testing of inks Inks shall be tested by first preparing standardized prints on a reference paper as specified in ISO 2834. The standard prints shall then be tested and evaluated as specified in Clause 4 of this International Standard. 6 Test report The test report shall i
45、nclude the following information: a) Reference to this International Standard; b) Light-fastness rating; c) Indication if specific humidity and temperature conditions 2)have been used; d) Test conditions (see 4.3.2); e) Type and model of light-fastness test instrument and an indication if any form o
46、f light-dark cycling was used; f) If the light fastness of the substrate was tested (see 4.5), the above information on this test. 2) Normally, it is sufficient to carry out testing of light fastness under general climate conditions. Otherwise, see ISO 105-B02.BS ISO 12040:1997 BSI 27 February 2003
47、5 Annex A (informative) Bibliography 1 ISO 2835:1974, Prints and printing inks Assessment of light fastness.BS ISO 12040: 1997 BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL BSI British Standards Institution BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards. It presents the
48、UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level. It is incorporated by Royal Charter. Revisions British Standards are updated by amendment or revision. Users of British Standards should make sure that they possess the latest amendments or editions. It is the constant aim of BSI to impr
49、ove the quality of our products and services. We would be grateful if anyone finding an inaccuracy or ambiguity while using this British Standard would inform the Secretary of the technical committee responsible, the identity of which can be found on the inside front cover. Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 9000. Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7400. BSI offers members an individual updating service called PLUS which ensures that subscribers automatically receive the latest editions of standa
