1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 12110-1:2013Metallic materials Fatiguetesting Variable amplitudefatigue testingPart 1: General principles, test method andreporting requirementsBS ISO 12110-1:2013 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 12110-1:2013.The
2、UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee ISE/101/6, Fatigue testing of metals and metal matrixcomposites.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovi
3、sions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 69935 1ICS 77.040.10Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published
4、under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2013.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 12110-1:2013 ISO 2013Metallic materials Fatigue testing Variable amplitude fatigue testing Part 1: General principles, test method and reporting requirementsM
5、atriaux mtalliques Essais de fatigue Essais sous amplitude variable Partie 1: Principes gnraux, mthode dessai et exigences sur le rapport dessaiINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO12110-1First edition2013-07-01Reference numberISO 12110-1:2013(E)BS ISO 12110-1:2013ISO 12110-1:2013(E)ii ISO 2013 All rights reser
6、vedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2013All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written
7、 permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandBS ISO 12110
8、-1:2013ISO 12110-1:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword iv1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 24 Principle of test 44.1 Control signal generation. 44.2 Overview of test procedure 45 Original loading time history 55.1 General . 55.2 Data filtering . 5
9、6 Loading time history description 66.1 General . 66.2 Time history sequences description 66.3 Cycle counting description . 67 Programmed blocks 78 Transition matrix and generation of control signal from the matrix 78.1 Establishment of the matrix 78.2 Reconstruction of the loading signal 88.3 Contr
10、ol signal simplification . 99 Conducting fatigue testing under variable amplitude conditions 910 Test report for each individual specimen 1010.1 General 1010.2 Original loading description . 1010.3 Testing conditions . 1010.4 Preliminary analysis of test data for each specimen and for a series of sp
11、ecimens 12Annex A (informative) Standard loading time histories .18Annex B (informative) Example of loading signal reconstruction by random draw in the transition matrix .19Annex C (informative) Preliminary analysis of test data on a single specimen 21Bibliography .24BS ISO 12110-1:2013ISO 12110-1:2
12、013(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for whic
13、h a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all ma
14、tters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This d
15、ocument was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. www.iso.org/directivesAttention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such
16、patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received. www.iso.org/patentsAny trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not con
17、stitute an endorsement.The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 164, Mechanical testing of metals, Subcommittee SC 5, Fatigue testing.ISO 12110 consists of the following parts, under the general title Metallic materials Fatigue testing Variable amplitude fatigue testing: Part 1: General
18、 principles, test method and reporting requirements Part 2: Cycle counting and related data reduction methodsiv ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS ISO 12110-1:2013INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12110-1:2013(E)Metallic materials Fatigue testing Variable amplitude fatigue testing Part 1: General principles, t
19、est method and reporting requirements1 ScopeThis part of ISO 12110 establishes general principles for fatigue testing of laboratory specimens under a sequence of cycles the amplitude of which varies from cycle to cycle.This sequence of cycles is called loading time history (see 3.7) and is usually d
20、erived from loading measurements performed on components or structures submitted to true service loadings.Detailed description of service loads recording is relevant to each laboratory or industrial sector and is therefore outside the scope of this part of ISO 12110.The aim of the two parts of ISO 1
21、2110 is to set requirements and give some guidance on how to perform a variable amplitude fatigue test in order to produce consistent results for comparison purposes taking into account the typical scatter of fatigue data. Achieving this should help designers to correlate models and experimental dat
22、a obtained from various sources.Since this part of ISO 12110 involves mainly loading time histories and control signal generation, one expects it might be applied to strain or fatigue crack growth rate controlled loading conditions as well as to force-controlled loading conditions. This is theoretic
23、ally true but precautions may be taken when applying this part of ISO 12110 to loading modes other than force-controlled loading mode.This part of ISO 12110 relates to variable amplitude loading under force control mode which corresponds to most of the variable amplitude fatigue tests performed worl
24、dwide at the date of publication of this part of ISO 12110.This part of ISO 12110 applies to the single actuator loading mode which corresponds to uniaxial loading in many cases.The variable amplitude loading time histories referred in this part of ISO 12110 are deterministic; that is why this part
25、of ISO 12110 deals with variable amplitude loading instead of random loading.The following issues are not within the scope of this part of ISO 12110 and therefore will not be addressed. constant amplitude tests with isolated overloads or underloads; tests on large components or structures; environme
26、ntal effects like corrosion, creep linked to temperature/time interactions leading to frequency and waveform effects; multiaxial loading.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For date
27、d references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 1099, Metallic materials Fatigue testing Axial force-controlled method ISO 2013 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 12110-1:2013ISO 12110-1:2013(E)ISO 12
28、106, Metallic materials Fatigue testing Axial-strain-controlled methodISO 12107, Metallic materials Fatigue testing Statistical planning and analysis of dataISO 12108, Metallic materials Fatigue testing Fatigue crack growth methodISO 23788, Metallic materials Verification of the alignment of fatigue
29、 testing machines3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 1099, ISO 12106, ISO 12107, and ISO 12108 and the following apply.3.1cumulative frequency diagramhistogram showing the cumulative occurrence of each cycle since the beginning of the test
30、Note 1 to entry: The cumulative frequency diagram is also called cumulative spectrum or cumulative distribution.3.2cyclesmallest segment of the force-time, stress-time, or strain-time, or another signal that is applied to the specimen, which is repeated periodically under constant amplitude fatigue
31、loadingNote 1 to entry: In variable amplitude loading, the definition of cycle varies with the counting method used.3.3cycle counting methodmethod to count the number of cycles of a loading time history of a given length3.4loadinggeneric term designating varying force, strain, or any other controlli
32、ng variable applied to a specimenNote 1 to entry: The present standard refers mostly to controlled force loading mode.3.5loading distributionsimple or cumulative distribution of load cycle rangesNote 1 to entry: The loading distribution is the result of a statistical treatment of a record of true se
33、rvice loading or is a typical distribution specific to an industrial sector (e.g. automotive, aerospace). Loading distribution applies for load/stress control mode as well as strain control mode and other loading modes.Note 2 to entry: The loading distribution is often called “loading spectrum”. Nev
34、ertheless, the word spectrum shall be avoided since it means a loading description in the frequency domain.3.6loading histogramsimple or cumulative histogram of load cycle rangesNote 1 to entry: The loading histogram is the result of a statistical treatment of a record of true service loading or is
35、a typical distribution specific to an industrial sector (e.g. automotive, aerospace). Loading histogram applies for load/stress control mode as well as strain control mode and other loading modes.Note 2 to entry: The loading histogram is often called “loading spectrum”. Nevertheless, the word spectr
36、um shall be avoided since it means a loading description in the frequency domain.2 ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS ISO 12110-1:2013ISO 12110-1:2013(E)3.7loading time historysequence of load cycles the amplitude of which varies from one cycle to the nextNote 1 to entry: The loading time history is a r
37、ecord of true service loading or is a typical sequence specific to an industrial sector (e.g. automotive, aerospace). Loading time history applies for load/stress control mode as well as strain control mode and other loading modes.Note 2 to entry: In force-controlled loading mode, the term “force hi
38、story” should have been used but this is not common within the variable amplitude fatigue community. “Loading time history” is always used whatever the controlling variable including force.3.8loading power spectrumenergy density spectrumdescription of a random loading time history in the frequency d
39、omainNote 1 to entry: The power spectrum is a Fourier integral of the time signal correlation function.3.9omissioneliminating of non-damaging cycles or cycles with amplitude less than the omission level3.10omission levelcutoff level for eliminating non-damaging cycles3.11peakpoint at which the first
40、 derivative of the load-time history changes from a positive to a negative signNote 1 to entry: For a constant amplitude loading, the peak corresponds to the maximum loading. For variable amplitude loading, the peak corresponds to a local maximum load in the load-time history.3.12random drawsequence
41、 of half cycles with different ranges and mean values3.13valleypart at which the first derivative of the load-time history changes from a negative to a positive signNote 1 to entry: The valley is a relative minimum or “trough”.Note 2 to entry: The valley is the point of minimum load in constant ampl
42、itude loading.3.14variable amplitude loadingloading mode in which all the peak or valley loads are not equal or bothNote 1 to entry: It is also called “irregular loading”.Note 2 to entry: The term “spectrum loading” is incorrectly employed instead of variable amplitude loading. It should be avoided
43、since a spectrum is a loading description in the frequency domain, not a load versus time function. ISO 2013 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 12110-1:2013ISO 12110-1:2013(E)4 Principle of test4.1 Control signal generationIn most cases, the original loading time history cannot be directly applied to the s
44、pecimen without any simplification since it is too difficult to derive any cycle number or cycles to failure from it and to control the fatigue testing machine effectively directly from it.In addition, real loading time history records applied to the specimen whatever their number will never be repr
45、esentative of the true loading which can be only derived from a thorough statistical evaluation of the loading signal. Those statistical characteristics are determined from a very large number of true loading measurements.Thus, the original loading time history needs to be simplified. This is usuall
46、y done by signal analysis loading to two kinds of modelled loading control signals. These two kinds of modelled control signals are obtained by programmed blocks or signal reconstruction from random draw in a transition matrix.Original loading time history without any simplification can be applied t
47、o the specimen if the testing machine and related electronics can do so.In these cases, the analysis of the original signal is performed using a method called cycle counting.The data obtained from cycle counting is then used to build a cumulative frequency diagram for block programming or a transiti
48、on matrix for random draw.NOTE 1 The main advantage of programmed blocks is that the control signal consists of a series of blocks of constant amplitude, which varies from one block to another. Hence, sophisticated digital control signal generation by computer is not needed.NOTE 2 Whatever the compl
49、exity of the control signal reconstructed by random draw from a transition matrix, it remains much more representative of the real loading than programmed blocks derived from the same real loading. In addition, control signal generation through random draw has been made easier and easier over the last decades due to the spectacular improvement of digital electronics and computers.Sometimes, filtering of signals is necessary for the following reasons.a) The original signal obtained from direct measurement on compo
