1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 12234-1:2012Electronic still-picture imaging Removable memoryPart 1: Basic removable-memory modelBS ISO 12234-1:2012 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard
2、 is the UK implementation of ISO 12234-1:2012.It supersedes BS ISO 12234-1:2007 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee CPW/42, Photography.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This pub
3、lication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2012. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2012 ISBN 978 0 580 72984 3 ICS 37.040.99 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immun
4、ity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2012. Amendments issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO 12234-1:2012 ISO 2012Electronic still-picture imaging Removable memory Part 1: Basi
5、c removable-memory modelImagerie de prises de vue lectroniques Mmoire amovible Partie 1: Modle de mmoire amovible de baseINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO12234-1Third edition2012-07-01Reference numberISO 12234-1:2012(E)BS ISO 12234-1:2012ISO 12234-1:2012(E)ii ISO 2012 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED
6、DOCUMENT ISO 2012All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member b
7、ody in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandBS ISO 12234-1:2012ISO 12234-1:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword ivIntroductio
8、n v1 Scope 12 Normative references . 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Reference model 24.1 General considerations . 24.2 Image storage application profiles (ISAP) 34.3 Image data format . 34.4 File system 34.5 Media profiles . 45 Required characteristics for image storage application profiles . 45.1 Ge
9、neral . 45.2 Interoperability . 45.3 Flexibility . 45.4 Extensibility 45.5 Ease of implementation . 45.6 Platform independence 55.7 Multiple physical media types . 55.8 Elimination of redundancy 56 Image data format specification 56.1 General considerations . 56.2 Application layer for image data .
10、56.3 Presentation layer . 56.4 Image data formats . 56.5 Application layer for sound data .216.6 Guidance for persisting metadata 217 File system requirements 257.1 General considerations .257.2 Directory structure and name 257.3 Object .267.4 Interoperability .267.5 Device requirement level .27Anne
11、x A (normative) TIFF/EP image data format .28Annex B (normative) Exif image data format 29Annex C (normative) Image data format JPEG 2000, Part 1 and 2 .30Annex D (informative) DCF file system .31Bibliography .33BS ISO 12234-1:2012ISO 12234-1:2012(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for St
12、andardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the rig
13、ht to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.International
14、Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
15、International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.ISO 1223
16、4-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 42, Photography.This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 12234-1:2007), which has been technically revised.ISO 12234 consists of the following parts, under the general title Electronic still-picture imaging Removable memory: Part
17、1: Basic removable-memory model Part 2: TIFF/EP image data formativ ISO 2012 All rights reservedBS ISO 12234-1:2012ISO 12234-1:2012(E)IntroductionISO 12234 addresses removable memory requirements for electronic still-picture cameras. Unlike a traditional photographic system, an electronic photograph
18、y system divides the imaging chain into discrete components separately devoted to image acquisition, storage, transmission, processing and display. Since the components can be made by different manufacturers, there is a need to specify a standard format for data interchange among the various compone
19、nts of an electronic imaging system.This part of ISO 12234 describes data interchange using removable storage media. The purpose of removable storage media is the storage of digitized images on media that is compact, is mechanically rugged, and has low power requirements. The removable storage media
20、 is used to transport the digitized image data to other components in the imaging chain.This part of ISO 12234 further specifies the required information content for a removable memory data format. The information content includes both the image data and data items describing the image. Normative an
21、nexes A, B and C describe various conforming formats. The data features supported by each of these formats are also described in Clause 6. The information content further includes a description of the file system which organizes the files containing digitized image data. Informative Annex D describe
22、s a conforming file system. The file system features are described in Clause 7.An implementation is said to be in compliance if, at a minimum, all mandatory elements are present. Recommended features are not required, but will substantially enhance interoperability, performance and/or robustness.In
23、developing this part of ISO 12234, a structured methodology was followed. A reference model describes the environment as well as the overall architecture in which this part of ISO 12234 is applicable. The architecture separates the software layers (termed the “image data format” and the “file system
24、”) from the hardware technology-dependent layer (termed the “media profile”). An image data format is media independent and contains the image data, image-related data and a means for structuring these data elements. A file system defines the data organization on the storage media used, but it is in
25、dependent of the media.The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) draws attention to the fact that it is claimed that compliance with this document may involve the use of patents.ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity and scope of these patent rights.The holders of the
26、se patent rights have ensured ISO that they are willing to negotiate licences under reasonable and non-discriminatory terms and conditions with applicants throughout the world. In this respect, the statements of the holders of these patent rights are registered with ISO. Information may be obtained
27、from: Eastman Kodak CompanyAttention: Director, Corporate Commercial Affairs343 State StreetRochester, New York, USA 14650-0211 Konica Minolta Technology Center, Inc.Attention: General Manager, Intellectual Property CenterNo.1 Sakura-machi, Hino-shiTokyo 191-8511, Japan FujiFilm CorporationAttention
28、: Industrial Standards Office7-3, Akasaka 9-chome, Minato-KuTokyo 107-0052 Japan ISO 2012 All rights reserved vBS ISO 12234-1:2012ISO 12234-1:2012(E)Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights other than those identified above.
29、 ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.With the permission of Adobe Systems Incorporated, numerous tag names and values used in this part of ISO 12234 have been copied verbatim from the TIFF 6.0 specification dated June 3, 1992, specification copyright 1986-
30、1988, 1992 Adobe Systems Incorporated.vi ISO 2012 All rights reservedBS ISO 12234-1:2012INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12234-1:2012(E)Electronic still-picture imaging Removable memory Part 1: Basic removable-memory model1 ScopeThis part of ISO 12234 specifies a basic removable-memory reference model for
31、 digital electronic still-picture cameras. The reference model includes image file formats for storing image data and metadata, file system requirements for storing and retrieving the image files on the removable memory, and media profiles which are specific to a given storage technology. The refere
32、nce model allows the image data and metadata to be interchanged among the various components of an electronic imaging system by using the removable storage media.2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, onl
33、y the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 12234-2, Electronic still-picture imaging Removable memory Part 2: TIFF/EP image data formatISO 15444-1, Information technology JPEG 2000 image coding system Part
34、 1ISO 15444-2, Information technology JPEG 2000 image coding system: Extensions Part 23 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1file systemsoftware structure which specifies how the data is logically organized on a given storage media3.2im
35、age data formatstructure and content which specify image data and the organization of the image related data in a device-independent manner3.3image storage application profileISAPmedia profile, the file system and the image data formatNOTE The ISAP specifies all the information necessary to complete
36、ly implement the removable memory.3.4media profileportion of the memory module specification which is specific to a given memory technology, including the form factor, interconnection and access protocol3.5memory cardspecific type of memory module using non-volatile solid-state memory and having a f
37、lat physical form factor ISO 2012 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 12234-1:2012ISO 12234-1:2012(E)3.6memory modulephysical implementation of the removable memory, containing the image data format combined with a specified physical form factor, interconnect definition and access protocol3.7removable memor
38、ystorage in a user-removable form factor, which is transportable, intended for the digital storage of image data in electronic still-picture camerasNOTE The memory media can be read/write, write once, etc., but have to be non-volatile when removed from the camera so as to retain the data.3.8sound co
39、mpressionprocess of altering the sound data coding in order to reduce the size of a sound file in the electronic still-picture cameraNOTE See also sound recording (3.9).3.9sound recordingrecording of the sound data relative to an image acquired by the electronic still-picture cameraNOTE 1 The sound
40、recording can be made before, during or after the time of the image acquisition.NOTE 2 A sound recording attached to an electronic still picture is considered an annotation of the image, as distinguished from a sound recording which is attached to and synchronized with motion pictures or video pictu
41、res.4 Reference model4.1 General considerationsTable 1 summarizes the reference model for this part of ISO 12234. The reference model is a layered model. The implementation of any one layer can be changed without affecting the implementation of any other layer. The reference model describes the type
42、s of elements included in each layer.2 ISO 2012 All rights reservedBS ISO 12234-1:2012ISO 12234-1:2012(E)Table 1 Reference model for removable storageLayer Intent Examples ImplementationApplication Content-image data and parametersImage data Image data formatPresentation Define structure of image da
43、ta and encoding mechanismTagsSession Define data organization on mediaFile system for image storage/retrievalFile systemTransport Communication of data across a channelData transmission protocol Media profileNetwork Conformance layer Compatibility and interoperability with other systemsData link Ass
44、ures reliable data read/writeStorage media-specific recording informationCard information structureError correction methodsControl for insertion/removalPhysical Assure basic compatibility in physical form factor and electrical signalsForm factor, pin alignment, sizeElectrical interface specification
45、Protocol/command sets4.2 Image storage application profiles (ISAP)The ISAP completely specifies all the information necessary to implement a particular type of removable storage. The image storage application profile consists of three parts: the image data format, which describes the structure and c
46、ontent of the image data; the file system, which describes how the image files are stored and retrieved; the media profile, which describes the media used to store the image files.4.3 Image data formatThe image data format consists of the application and presentation layers. The application layer de
47、fines the content of the image data. The presentation layer defines the encoding of the image data. This part of ISO 12234 specifies image data formats that are consistent across implementations and independent of the media used for storage.The content defined in the application layer includes the i
48、mage and image-related information, called metadata, such as the date the image was captured. The encoding defined in the presentation layer includes the structures which define the image and the image-related information as digital values. For example, the encoding describes whether the image is st
49、ored as strips or tiles, and whether the metadata are stored as numbers or characters. The detailed elements in three allowed image data formats are described in Clause 6.The image data formats described in this part of ISO 12234 provide an explicit binding between the content in the application layer and the encoding method given in the presentation layer.4.4 File systemThe file system definition includes the information required for the session layer. It defines the data organization on the storage media used. ISO 2012
