1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 12651-1:2012Electronic documentmanagement VocabularyPart 1: Electronic document imagingBS ISO 12651-1:2012 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK
2、 implementation of ISO 12651-1:2012. T o g e t h e r w i t h B S I S O 1 2 6 5 1 - 2 , t h i s s t a n d a r d supersedes BS ISO 12651:1999, which will be withdrawn upon publication of BS ISO 12651-2.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to T e c h n i c a l C o m m i t t e e I D T /
3、 1 / 3 , D o c u m e n t M a n a g e m e n t A p p l i c a t i o n s - General issues.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for i
4、ts correct application. The British Standards Institution 2012. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2012ISBN 978 0 580 68533 0 ICS 01.040.37; 37.080 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standard
5、s Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 April 2012.Amendments issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO 12651-1:2012Reference numberISO 12651-1:2012(E)ISO 2012INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO12651-1First edition2012-01-15Electronic document management Vocabulary Part 1: Electronic document
6、imaging Gestion lectronique de documents Vocabulaire Partie 1: Imagerie documentaire lectronique BS ISO 12651-1:2012ISO 12651-1:2012(E) COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2012 The reproduction of the terms and definitions contained in this International Standard is permitted in teaching manuals, instr
7、uction booklets, technical publications and journals for strictly educational or implementation purposes. The conditions for such reproduction are: that no modifications are made to the terms and definitions; that such reproduction is not permitted for dictionaries or similar publications offered fo
8、r sale; and that this International Standard is referenced as the source document. With the sole exceptions noted above, no other part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in
9、writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2012 All rights reservedBS ISO
10、 12651-1:2012ISO 12651-1:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved iiiContents Foreword iv 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Principles and conventions . 1 4 Terms and definitions . 2 Bibliography 16 Alphabetical index 17 BS ISO 12651-1:2012ISO 12651-1:2012(E) iv ISO 2012 All rights reservedForeword I
11、SO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical c
12、ommittee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electr
13、otechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the m
14、ember bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identi
15、fying any or all such patent rights. ISO 12651-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 171, Document management applications, Subcommittee SC 3, General issues. This first edition of ISO 12651-1, together with ISO 12651-21), cancels and replaces ISO 12651:1999. ISO 12651 consists of the followi
16、ng parts, under the general title Electronic document management Vocabulary: Part 1: Electronic document imaging The following parts are under preparation: Part 2: Document workflow 1)Under preparation. BS ISO 12651-1:2012INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12651-1:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved 1Elect
17、ronic document management Vocabulary Part 1: Electronic document imaging 1 Scope This part of ISO 12651 is intended to facilitate communication in the field of electronic document management and translation of the terms it contains into other languages. The term “electronic document management” used
18、 throughout this part of ISO 12651 is intended as an all-encompassing term referring to inputting technologies scanning, indexing, optical character recognition (OCR), forms, digital creation, etc., management technologies (document services, workflow, and other work management tools), and storage (
19、primarily optical/magnetic) technologies. All terms and definitions in this part of ISO 12651 have been drafted in accordance with ISO 10241-1 and ISO 1087-1. The selection of terms and the wording of definitions have, as far as possible, followed established usage. Where there were contradictions,
20、solutions agreeable to the majority have been sought. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (includi
21、ng any amendments) applies. ISO/IEC 11544, Information technology Coded representation of picture and audio information Progressive bi-level image compression ISO/IEC 10918-4, Information technology Digital compression and coding of continuous-tone still images: Registration of JPEG profiles, SPIFF
22、profiles, SPIFF tags, SPIFF colour spaces, APPn markers, SPIFF compression types and Registration Authorities (REGAUT) ISO 18901, Imaging materials Processed silver-gelatin-type black-and-white films Specifications for stability 3 Principles and conventions 3.1 Definition, formatting and organizatio
23、n of entries All terms and definitions listed in Clause 4 meet the requirements of ISO 10241-1:2011. 3.2 Spelling Terms, definitions, examples and notes are given in the spelling preferred in the United Kingdom, unless otherwise indicated. Other correct spellings may be used without violating this I
24、nternational Standard. BS ISO 12651-1:2012ISO 12651-1:2012(E) 2 ISO 2012 All rights reserved4 Terms and definitions 4.1 aberration defect in a lens or mirror that produces distortions in an image (4.67) EXAMPLES Astigmatism, chromatic aberration, curvature of field. 4.2 ablation deformation in an op
25、tical disk (4.99) created by a high-powered laser during write operation, that burns or melts the surface NOTE This is also known as a pit. 4.3 addressability number of discrete pixels (4.108) that can be addressed using a co-ordinate system on a display or in the devices supporting a display EXAMPL
26、E 1,600 1,200. 4.4 analogue monitor output device that uses an analogue signal to display an image (4.67) NOTE The voltage that determines the brightness of each colour component varies continuously. 4.5 analogue transmission transmission of continuously varying electronic signals analogous to tonal
27、 variations 4.6 analogue-to-digital conversion A/D process of converting a continuous electrical current or signal into digital form 4.7 aperture card scanner device for scanning micro-images in aperture cards NOTE Some scanners (4.124) can also read information printed on the card. 4.8 aspect ratio
28、 ratio of height to width of a rectangle 4.9 automatic character recognition technology using special systems, such as OCR (4.100) or ICR (4.80), to identify human-readable characters, usually alphanumeric, and then use the data 4.10 automatic document feeder powered device to feed microforms, films
29、 or paper into a scanner (4.124) for capture NOTE It can also position the microform, film, or paper. BS ISO 12651-1:2012ISO 12651-1:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved 34.11 auxiliary operation activity supplementary to the primary operations of a document (4.41) management system EXAMPLES Film cl
30、eaning, splicing, mounting, packaging, loading, coding. 4.12 backfile collection of documents (4.41), usually predating the imaging (4.76) system, that have not been digitized 4.13 backfile conversion process of scanning, indexing (4.77) and quality control of the backfile (4.12) 4.14 backward compa
31、tibility ability to move data from a more advanced version of a system or software package to a less advanced version 4.15 bar-code scanner device used to read bar codes by means of reflected light 4.16 bar-code symbol machine-generated and readable representation of data, usually numeric, in the fo
32、rm of a printed series of contrasting parallel bars of various widths, spacing and/or heights 4.17 batch processing machine processing of a batch of documents (4.41) NOTE The documents (4.41) could have been collected over a period of time. 4.18 bit-mapped image image (4.67) derived from an array of
33、 pixels (4.108) 4.19 bitonal image image (4.67) having a number of pixels (4.108), each of which has an “on” or an “off” value 4.20 bleed-through, US show-through, GB undesired appearance of information from the reverse of a document (4.41) when viewed and/or scanned 4.21 blocking unintentional adhe
34、sion of adjacent sheets of film or paper 4.22 browsing searching for information in a database or in a document (4.41) 4.23 cache temporary storage providing rapid access to frequently used information BS ISO 12651-1:2012ISO 12651-1:2012(E) 4 ISO 2012 All rights reserved4.24 character recognition id
35、entification of graphic characters by automatic means 4.25 CCD scanner charge-coupled device scanner scanner (4.124) that incorporates a light-sensitive semiconductor device that can collect, store and move electric charges in packets 4.26 clipped pixel array actual pixel (4.108) array to be imaged
36、as determined by all clipping parameters 4.27 clipping reduction in the range of tones recorded by a scanner (4.124) due to limited spectral sensitivity of its photodetector 4.28 CD-ROM compact diskread only memory optical disk (4.99), conforming to compact disk specifications, created by a masterin
37、g process and used for distributing read-only information 4.29 CD-R compact disk recordable optical disk (4.99), conforming to compact disk specifications, on which data is recorded by the user once and can be read many times 4.30 compound document document (4.41) that contains information in more t
38、han one object EXAMPLE Text, graphics and images (4.67) in a single document (4.41) or a spreadsheet embedded in a word-processing document. 4.31 compression reduction in size of an electronic file NOTE 1 Compression can be lossy (4.88) or lossless (4.87). NOTE 2 Compression is usually carried out t
39、o reduce storage requirements, to reduce network traffic and/or to reduce file transmission times. 4.32 compression ratio relationship of the file size before compression (4.31) to the file size after compression 4.33 COLD computer output to laser disk technology used to store computer-generated rep
40、orts in a computer-based accessible format through the use of virtual printers or other technology, in order to capture the report as it is generated or printed NOTE This term is sometimes referred to as enterprise report management (4.54). BS ISO 12651-1:2012ISO 12651-1:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights
41、reserved 54.34 continuous-tone having continuous variation in colour and/or density NOTE Colour includes shades of grey. 4.35 contrast difference in density between darkest and lightest fields 4.36 decompression expansion of a compressed file 4.37 deskewing process of rotating an image (4.67) by the
42、 same amount as its skew (slant), but in the opposite direction, resulting in a horizontally and vertically aligned image where the text runs across the page rather than at an angle NOTE 1 See also skewing (4.129). NOTE 2 Improperly aligned images (4.67) make optical character recognition OCR (4.100
43、) more difficult and can cause the OCR process to become slower and less accurate. Deskewing the documents (4.41) beforehand can make the OCR process faster and more accurate. 4.38 digitize use of a scanner (4.124) to convert documents (4.41) to digitally coded electronic images (4.48) 4.39 digitize
44、r device for the digitization of a document (4.41) NOTE This term is often used, by extension, to refer to a device that allows both the scanning and the actual digitization of the document (4.41). 4.40 dithering method of simulating shades of grey using different patterns of black and white pixels
45、(4.108) within a cell or simulating colours by using patterns of other (often primary) colours 4.41 document recorded information or object which can be treated as a unit ISO 15489-1:2001, definition 3.10 4.42 document profile set of attributes which specifies the characteristics of a document (4.41
46、) as a whole ISO/IEC 2382-23:1994, 23.02.02 4.43 document service component, module, or application supporting and/or providing authoring, check-in/check-out, and version control capabilities, along with other features necessary to create, manage, update and secure document-based (4.41) information
47、in an automated fashion BS ISO 12651-1:2012ISO 12651-1:2012(E) 6 ISO 2012 All rights reserved4.44 dpi dots per inch measure of resolution 4.45 dropout ink ink of a colour that cannot be detected by a scanner (4.124) 4.46 edge enhancement technique for sharpening the appearance of line edges on an el
48、ectronic image (4.48) 4.47 EDMS electronic document management system computer-based application dealing with the management of documents (4.41) throughout the document (4.41) life cycle NOTE This may comprise one or more technologies, such as document imaging, document/library services, workflow, e
49、nterprise report management, forms management and automatic character recognition. 4.48 electronic image digital representation of a document (4.41) 4.49 electronic image management coordinated use of all electronic imaging (4.51) techniques 4.50 electronic image grey scaling production of an electronic image (4.48) representing the image (4.67) contents in shades of grey, converting continuous-tone (4.34) images into a limited number of grey shades 4.51 electronic imaging technique for inputting, recording,
