BS ISO 13164-4-2015 Water quality Radon-222 Test method using two-phase liquid scintillation counting《水质 氡-222 使用两相液体闪烁计数的试验方法》.pdf
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1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 13164-4:2015Water quality Radon-222Part 4: Test method using two-phase liquidscintillation countingBS ISO 13164-4:2015 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 13164-4:2015.The UK participation in its preparation was entru
2、sted to TechnicalCommittee EH/3/8, Radioactivity measurements methods.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplicat
3、ion. The British Standards Institution 2015. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 81397 9ICS 13.060.60; 13.280; 17.240Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Str
4、ategy Committee on 30 June 2015.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 13164-4:2015 ISO 2015Water quality Radon-222 Part 4: Test method using two-phase liquid scintillation countingQualit de leau Radon 222 Partie 4: Mthode dessai par comptage des scintillations en milieu liquide
5、 deux phasesINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO13164-4First edition2015-06-15Reference numberISO 13164-4:2015(E)BS ISO 13164-4:2015ISO 13164-4:2015(E)ii ISO 2015 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2015, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this p
6、ublication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the c
7、ountry of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 13164-4:2015ISO 13164-4:2015(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions and
8、symbols 13.1 Terms and definitions . 13.2 Symbols and abbreviated terms. 14 Principle 25 Reagents and apparatus . 25.1 Reagents 25.2 Apparatus 36 Sampling 36.1 General . 36.2 Sampling with source preparation “on site” 36.3 Sampling without “on site” source preparation . 47 Instrument set up and cali
9、bration . 47.1 Preparation of calibration sources 47.2 Optimization of counting conditions . 47.3 Detection efficiency. 47.4 Blank sample preparation and measurement 58 Sample preparation and measurement 59 Expression of results 69.1 Calculation of activity per unit of mass 69.2 Standard uncertainty
10、 . 69.3 Decision threshold . 69.4 Detection limit . 79.5 Confidence limits. 79.6 Calculations using the activity concentration 710 Interference control 811 Quality control 812 Test report . 8Annex A (informative) Set-up parameters and validation data 9Bibliography .12 ISO 2015 All rights reserved ii
11、iContents PageBS ISO 13164-4:2015ISO 13164-4:2015(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Eac
12、h member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the Internation
13、al Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different
14、types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not
15、be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is infor
16、mation given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see t
17、he following URL: Foreword Supplementary information .The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 147, Water quality, Subcommittee SC 3, Radioactivity measurements.ISO 13164 consists of the following parts, under the general title Water quality Radon-222: Part 1: General principles Part 2:
18、 Test method using gamma-ray spectrometry Part 3: Test method using emanometry Part 4: Test method using two-phase liquid scintillation countingiv ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 13164-4:2015ISO 13164-4:2015(E)IntroductionRadioactivity from several naturally occurring and anthropogenic sources is
19、 present throughout the environment. Thus, water bodies (surface waters, ground waters, sea waters) can contain radionuclides of natural or human-made origin, or both. Natural radionuclides, including potassium-40, and those originating from the thorium and uranium decay series, in particular radium
20、-226, radium-228, uranium-234, uranium-238, and lead-210, can be found in water for natural reasons (e.g. desorption from the soil and wash-off by rain water) or can be released from technological processes involving naturally occurring radioactive materials (e.g. the mining and processing of minera
21、l sands or phosphate fertilizer production and use). Human-made radionuclides such as transuranium elements (americium, plutonium, neptunium, curium), tritium, carbon-14, strontium-90, and some gamma-emitting radionuclides can also be found in natural waters as a result of authorized routine release
22、s into the environment in small quantities in the effluent discharged from nuclear fuel cycle facilities. They are also released into the environment following their use in unsealed form in medicine or industrial applications. They are also found in the water as a result of past fallout resulting fr
23、om explosion in the atmosphere of nuclear devices and accidents such as those that occurred in Chernobyl and Fukushima.Drinking water can, thus, contain radionuclides at activity concentration which could present a risk to human health. In order to assess the quality of drinking water (including min
24、eral waters and spring waters) with respect to its radionuclide content and to provide guidance on reducing health risks by taking measures to decrease radionuclide activity concentrations, water resources (groundwater, river, lake, sea, etc.) and drinking water are monitored for their radioactivity
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