1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 13556:1998 Road vehicles Localization of exhaust system leaks and equipment specifications ICS 43.060.20BS ISO 13556:1998 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Engineering SectorCommittee, was publishedunder the authority ofthe Standards Commit
2、tee andcomes into effect on 15April1999 BSI 03-2000 ISBN 0 580 32304 8 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO13556:1998 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee MCE/22, Engines for road vehicl
3、es, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulg
4、ate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the sect
5、ion entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.
6、 Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pagesi andii, theISO title page, pagesii toiv, pages1 to7 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date
7、) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBSISO13556:1998 BSI 03-2000 i Contents Page National foreword Inside front cover Foreword iii Text of ISO 13556 1ii blankBSIS
8、O13556:1998 ii BSI 03-2000 Contents Page Foreword iii 1 Scope 1 2 Definitions 1 3 Apparatus 1 4 Verification of ultrasonic equipment 2 5 Test conditions 4 6 Test procedure 4 7 Expression of results 7 Figure 1 Pressurization system 2 Figure 2 Measuring head 3 Figure 3 Calibration curve 4 Figure 4 Lea
9、k indicator 4 Figure 5 Verification system for the ultrasonic equipment 5 Figure 6 Measuring head position 5 Figure 7 Measuring head position to localize the leak 6 Figure 8 Measuring head position to quantify the leak 7 Descriptors: Road vehicles, motor vehicles, exhaust emissions, exhaust systems,
10、 leaktightness, tests, leak tests, leak detection, test equipment, verification.BSISO13556:1998 BSI 03-2000 iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards
11、is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take pa
12、rt in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Stan
13、dard requires approval by at least75% of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO13556 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC5, Engine tests.iv blankBS ISO 13556:1998 BSI 03-2000 1 1 Scope This International Standard specifies a method to ver
14、ify the gas tightness of the exhaust system of road vehicles equipped with an international combustion engine. It is primarily intended to establish a method to detect and localize exhaust system leaks in order to improve the quality of exhaust gas measurements. It is also intended to complete the r
15、equirements of ISO3929 1)and applicable regulations. The users of this International Standard are warned that: a) certain engines with high valve overlaps camshaft events, especially engines with eight or more cylinders, may not have all exhaust valves closed when the engine is stopped. This issue m
16、ay cause the leak test to fail. This situation could be corrected by the disassembly of the exhaust valve actuation mechanism using the vehicle or engine manufacturers recommended procedure; b) national regulations on the subject of pressurizing should be checked before testing; c) detected leakage
17、can be quantified under certain test conditions. This International Standard also specifies the measurement apparatus and necessary devices. This method is particularly recommended for: a) automotive workshops, b) laboratories before any emission tests, c) testing and diagnostic stations. The measur
18、ement apparatus can be used at the endof line of automotive and exhaust parts manufacturers. 2 Definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the following definitions apply. 2.1 exhaust system all parts between the joint face between the manifold to cylinder head and the outlet pipe(s
19、) 2.2 leaks all outward exhaust gas flow or inward air flow which can affect the exhaust emission measurement results 2.3 ultrasound vibration which generates acoustic pressure within the frequency range20kHz to100kHz 2.4 measuring head device designed to protect the microphone againstadirect warm a
20、ir flow and to facilitate leaklocalization and measurement (seeFigure 2) 2.5 pressurization system system used to keep the exhaust system at a required pressure (see3.1) 3 Apparatus 3.1 Pressurization system, in accordance withFigure 1, comprised of an air supply device capable of maintaining a pres
21、sure of0,4bar (40kPa). The air supply shallbe clean and water- and oil-free; a pressure adjusting device; a calibrated leak with a1mm diameter; a 0 to1bar (100kPa) manometer having an accuracy of 2%, to be periodically checked; a flexible leak-proof adapter for the exhaust system outlet, usable up t
22、o200 C. The connecting device shall be adaptable to the exhaust outlet(s) and may be an adapter inserted into the exhaust outlet(s). 3.2 Ultrasonic equipment, comprised of a probe with an adapter, called a “measuring head”, in a accordance withFigure 2 and easy to handle; an ultrasound receiver (mic
23、rophone), for which the microphone temperature shall not be greater than its operating temperature when the measuring head is exposed to a contact temperature equal to300 C at areaD1 and lineD2 for at least30s (seeFigure 2); an ultrasound processing device. This device converts the detected ultrasou
24、nds within the bandwidth of30kHz to50kHz into audible sounds proportional to the sound pressure. The device shall comply with the calibration curve shown inFigure 3; a leak indicator, which shall give a rough indication of the leak flow rate corresponding to atheoretical circular hole leak. It shall
25、 only display the following numerical indications: 2 mm, corresponding to (30 5) l/min, 1) ISO3929:1995, Road vehicles Measurement methods for exhaust gas emissions produced during inspection or maintenance.BS ISO 13556:1998 2 BSI 03-2000 1,5 mm, corresponding to (17 3) l/min, 1 mm, corresponding to
26、 (7,5 1,5) l/min, 0,5 mm, corresponding to (2 1) l/min. An example of such an indicating device is giveninFigure 4; a temperature warning device, if necessary; a low battery warning; headphones or equivalent device; all accessories needed to perform the test and its verification; Periodic checking s
27、hall be performed according to the manufacturers specifications. 3.3 Verification system, in accordance with Figure 5. 4 Verification of ultrasonic equipment Install the pressurization system on the verification system, in accordance withFigure 5. Plug calibrated leaks B, C and D. Pressurize to0,4ba
28、rbar (40kPakPa), checking that the pressure remains constant for allcheck points. Install the measuring head in accordance withFigure 6. Measure the leak A using the ultrasonic equipment. Compare the measured leak flow rate with the flow rate specified in the table inFigure 5 for the relevant check
29、point. Plug leaks A, C and D and repeat the above procedure; do the same with leaksA, B andD plugged, and then with leaksA, B andC plugged. If necessary, adjust the equipment according to the manufacturers instructions.0,05 + 05 + 0 Key 1 2 3 4 5 6 Pressurized air supply Pressure regulator Calibrate
30、d leak with 1 mm diameter Manometer Leak-proof adapter (connecting device) Exhaust pipe outlet Figure 1 Pressurization systemBS ISO 13556:1998 BSI 03-2000 3 Key 1 D1 D2 Microphone see 3.2 see 3.2 Figure 2 Measuring headBS ISO 13556:1998 4 BSI 03-2000 5 Test conditions The engine shall be stopped and
31、 the ignition switched off. The test shall be performed on hot and/or cold exhaust systems, according to the vehicle manufacturers specifications. Check that the ambient background noise is not too high by verifying that the leak indicator is below its lowest scale interval. 6 Test procedure 6.1 Gen
32、eral 6.1.1 For systems with multiple outlets, each outletshall be pressurized separately. The outletsnot pressurized shall be plugged. 6.1.2 Install the pressurization device at the outlet of the exhaust pipe as indicated inFigure 1. 6.1.3 Pressurize the exhaust system to0,4barbar (40kPakPa). 6.1.4
33、Before starting the tests6.3 and6.4, check that the ultrasonic equipment is acceptable using the1mm diameter calibrated leak of the pressurization system, as indicated inFigure 1. If not, check the apparatus, beginning with the manometer. Figure 3 Calibration curve Figure 4 Leak indicator0,05 + 05 +
34、 0BS ISO 13556:1998 BSI 03-2000 5 Check point Diameter of the calibrated leak mm Leak flow rate l/min Key 1 2 3 4 5 Pressurization system Chamfer 0,25 mm at 45 Tap Air reservoir wall Leak tight joint A 0,5 2,0 1 B 1 7,5 1,5 C 1,5 17 3 D 2 30 5 Figure 5 Verification system for the ultrasonic equipmen
35、t Key 1 Calibrated leak Figure 6 Measuring head positionBS ISO 13556:1998 6 BSI 03-2000 6.2 First test Leak(s) that the operator can detect and localize without apparatus Detect and localize the leak. Repair the defective part(s) according to the vehicle manufacturers instructions. After repair, app
36、ly the test method described in6.3, taking into account the flow limits specified by current regulations or vehicle manufacturers specifications. 6.3 Second test Audible leak(s) that the operator cannot localize without apparatus Using the measuring head as indicated inFigure 7, scan the suspected a
37、rea to localize the precise position of the leak. After repair, apply the test method described in6.4, taking into account the flow limits specified by current regulations or vehicle manufacturers specifications. 6.4 Third test Non-audible leak(s) that the operator cannot detect and localize without
38、 apparatus Using the measuring head as indicated inFigure 7, scan the exhaust system without contact at a speed approximately equal to3m/min. It is recommended that the distance between the measuring head and the exhaust system be as small as possible. Carefully examine the area where the signal inc
39、reases in order to localize the position of the leak.If the leak is accessible and depending on the exhaust system configuration, then an approximate quantification of the leak level can be performed. Todo this, the distance between the measuring head and the exhaust line shall be as close as possib
40、le. The distance at which to make a quantitative assessment of the leak is2cm, withthe measuring head in the position showninFigure 8. Compare the result with the flow limits specified by current regulations or with vehicle manufacturers specifications. If necessary, repair according to the vehicle
41、manufacturers instructions. Repeat the test as necessary. Key 1 Floor of the vehicle 2 Catalytic converter Figure 7 Measuring head position to localize the leakBS ISO 13556:1998 BSI 03-2000 7 7 Expression of results The test report shall give an evaluation of the leak flow rates, expressed in litres
42、 per minute. Under the conditions described in6.4, a qualitative leak assessment may be carried out. Key 1 Leak site Figure 8 Measuring head position to quantify the leakBS ISO 13556:1998 BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL BSIBritishStandardsInstitution BSI is the independent national body res
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