1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 13820:2014Paper, board and corrugatedfibreboard Description andcalibration of compression-testing equipmentBS ISO 13820:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 13820:2014. Itsupersedes BS ISO 13820:1996 which is with
2、drawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PAI/11, Methods of test for paper, board and pulps.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisio
3、ns of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 79396 7ICS 85.060; 85.100Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was publishe
4、d under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 April 2014.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 13820:2014 ISO 2014Paper, board and corrugated fibreboard Description and calibration of compression-testing equipmentPapier, carton et carton ondul Descri
5、ption et talonnage du matriel pour essai de compressionINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO13820Second edition2014-04-15Reference numberISO 13820:2014(E)BS ISO 13820:2014ISO 13820:2014(E)ii ISO 2014 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2014All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part
6、 of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member bod
7、y in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandBS ISO 13820:2014ISO 13820:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword ivIntroduction v1 S
8、cope . 12 Normative references 13 Principle 14 Apparatus . 15 Verification and calibration 35.1 Fixed-platen compression testing machine . 35.2 Beam-deflection compression testing machine . 36 Calibration report . 4Annex A (normative) Maintenance of beam-deflection compression testing machines 5Bibl
9、iography 6BS ISO 13820:2014ISO 13820:2014(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member
10、 body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Elect
11、rotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of
12、 ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held
13、responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information g
14、iven for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the follow
15、ing URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 6, Paper, board and pulps, Subcommittee SC 2, Test methods and quality specifications for paper and board.This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 13820:1996), of which it consti
16、tutes a minor revision with the following changes: 4.1.2 has been updated; 5.1 has been updated.iv ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 13820:2014ISO 13820:2014(E)IntroductionThis International Standard describes the types of testing equipment available for carrying out compression tests on paper, boa
17、rd, and corrugated fibreboard. It describes two distinct types of instrument. The preferred instrument type, known as the fixed-platen compression tester, develops compressive forces at a constant rate of strain. The other, known as the beam-deflection compression tester, develops compressive forces
18、 between one platen driven at constant speed and another platen resting on a deformable beam. With this type neither rate of stress nor rate of strain is constant. The two instrument types give similar but not necessarily the same test results when used for compression tests; literature shows that t
19、he beam deflection machine produces results higher than those of the fixed-platen machine.123The extent of the difference depends on the test being conducted and on the characteristics, particularly the elastic characteristics, of the material being tested.The fixed-platen tester is preferred becaus
20、e of its better reliability, its ability to test over the range of test levels likely to be found, and because the characteristics of existing instruments have been well defined and universally accepted. The beam-deflection tester has been inadequately defined in past International Standards for com
21、pression tests; among existing instruments there have been different loading rates, different beam stiffnesses, and therefore different rates of strain. Furthermore, in some countries, the stiffness of beams commonly available is such that no one beam is appropriate for all the test levels likely to
22、 be found, so that it has been common practice to use two beams of different stiffnesses interchangeably to cover the full range of loads.It is expected that the beam-deflection-type tester might be less commonly used in the future, and it can be withdrawn from this International Standard at a futur
23、e revision.The testing equipment referred to in this International Standard is used for tests described in ISO 30351, ISO 30372, ISO 72633, and ISO 121924. ISO 2014 All rights reserved vBS ISO 13820:2014BS ISO 13820:2014Paper, board and corrugated fibreboard Description and calibration of compressio
24、n-testing equipment1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies the essential characteristics and the principles of calibration of compression testing equipment used in the testing of paper, board, and corrugated fibreboard.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are norm
25、atively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 187, Paper, board and pulps Standard atmosphere for condit
26、ioning and testing and procedure for monitoring the atmosphere and conditioning of samples3 PrincipleThe compression testing machine is calibrated against reference masses or other traceable standards.4 Apparatus4.1 Fixed-platen compression testing machine, operating on the constant rate of deformat
27、ion (strain) principle and incorporating the following features.4.1.1 An upper and a lower platen, each large enough to completely accommodate the test piece and sufficiently rigid to resist significant deformation by the compressive forces.The platens shall be mounted so as to have not more than 0,
28、05 mm relative movement in the horizontal plane and their surfaces shall be parallel to each other, within 0,05 mm per 100 mm of platen surface. The surface of the platens shall be flat to the extent that the lowest and highest points are within 0,05 mm of the average surface.Some tests require the
29、surface finish of the platen to be such as to prevent slippage of the test piece during the test. Emery cloth, grade 00 or its equivalent (type 240 in Europe, crocus cloth in Canada), secured to the surface of the platens with contact adhesive or with low-compressibility double-sided pressure-sensit
30、ive tape (see NOTE), or matte finish of the platen surfaces, or any equivalent means, can be used to achieve this, provided the requirements for parallelism are met.The emery cloth shall be replaced as soon as any damage is observed. On no account should a knife or other sharp instrument be used to
31、remove the emery cloth or other material adhering to the platens.NOTE While compliance with ISO 7263 permits emery cloth to be used on the platen surfaces, other test methods do not. With ISO 3037, it is safer to avoid the use of emery cloth. However, it is common practice to use the same tester for
32、 tests which do and do not require emery cloth. The possibility of erroneous test results is sufficiently low to allow the use of emery cloth in all ISO test methods in which the use of this compression testing machine is now required, provided that a grade not coarser than 00 is used.4.1.2 Means of
33、 moving one platen towards the other at a constant, controlled speed.Different speeds are standard in different parts of the world, the most typical being (12,5 0,25) mm/min and (10,0 0,25) mm/min. As test values can be impacted by the strain rate of the applied load, it should INTERNATIONAL STANDAR
34、D ISO 13820:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 13820:2014ISO 13820:2014(E)not be assumed that operating at these two different speeds will produce the same results.8910111213The speed used shall be within 0,25 mm/min of the nominal speed which shall be reported with the test values.4.1.3 M
35、eans of measuring peak force to the nearest 1 N or 1 %, whichever is greater, applied to an object placed between the platens.NOTE Pen recorders might give low results because inertia in the pen movement can prevent detection of the peak force. This fault will not be evident during static calibratio
36、n.4.2 Beam-deflection compression testing machine, incorporating the following features.4.2.1 Beam that deflects (1,00 0,01) mm for 175 N, 300 N, or 350 N of applied load.4.2.2 An upper and a lower platen, each large enough to completely accommodate the test piece and sufficiently rigid to resist si
37、gnificant deformation by the compressive forces.One platen rests on the beam and the other is movable. The platens shall be mounted to have not more than 0,05 mm relative movement in the horizontal plane and their surfaces shall be flat and parallel to each other to within 0,05 mm per 100 mm of plat
38、en surface. The surfaces of the platens are flat if the lowest and highest points are within 0,05 mm of the average surface.Some tests require the surface finish of the platens to be such as to prevent slippage of the test piece during the test. Emery cloth, grade 00 or its equivalent (type 240 in E
39、urope, crocus cloth in Canada), secured to the surface of the platens with contact adhesive or with low-compressibility double-sided pressure sensitive tape (see NOTE in 4.1.1), or matte finish of the platen surfaces or any equivalent means, may be used to achieve this, provided the requirements for
40、 parallelism are met.The emery cloth shall be replaced as soon as any damage is observed. On no account should a knife or other sharp instrument be used to remove emery cloth or other material adhering to the platens.4.2.3 Means of driving the movable platen at a fixed uniform speed to exert a force
41、 on an object between the platens.The speed of platen movement shall be such that when the platens are in contact, the force between them increases at the rate of (110 10) N/s.NOTE In some countries, a loading rate of (67 23) N/s is used, but loading rates this low are undesirable because there is e
42、vidence that loading rates need to be 100 N/s or higher to produce test results similar to those produced by a fixed-platen tester. Any deviation from the specified loading rate shall be reported in the calibration report.4.2.4 Means of measuring the peak applied load.See NOTES in 4.1.3 and 4.2.3. T
43、he load measurement system can be either of the following:a) a 0 mm to 10 mm dial gauge or other means of measuring the deflection of the beam to the nearest 0,01 mm or 1 %, whichever is greater; the reading provided can be the direct linear displacement of the beam, in millimetres, or can include a
44、 system whereby the reading is converted to force unit;b) a load cell or other means of measuring the force applied to the test piece to the nearest 1 N or 1 %, whichever is greater. The load cell shall be located in such a position as to detect the peak force applied to the test piece.With this typ
45、e of measuring device, the deflection characteristics of the beam are less critical but it is necessary that they be sufficiently close to one of the requirements of 4.2.1 to ensure that the loading rate with the platens in direct contact and with a test piece in contact with the platens is the same
46、 as with the dial gauge measurement system operating at the chosen loading rate.2 ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 13820:2014ISO 13820:2014(E)NOTE Dial gauges are fitted with a hairspring to take up play between the pointer pinion and the driving cog. Conventionally this is fitted so that it acts
47、in a clockwise direction. When a lazy hand is fitted to the dial gauge, the hairspring has to be inverted so that it acts in an anticlockwise direction.5 Verification and calibrationBefore calibration and checking, condition the tester for a minimum of 4 h in the standard atmosphere specified in ISO
48、 187.5.1 Fixed-platen compression testing machineCheck that the platen surfaces conform to the requirements of 4.1.1. Check the condition of any emery cloth facings and renew if necessary.Check that in operation, one platen approaches the other at a constant, controlled speed which is within 0,25 mm
49、/min of the nominal speed. The nominal speed used shall be reported with the test values.Check that the load reading is zero when the platens are not in contact.Calibrate the machine by placing weights of known mass on the lower platen or by operating the instrument with a precalibrated load cell or a precalibrated proving ring between the platens. The weights, load cell, or proving ring shall have been calibrated to an accuracy of at least 0,1 %.Carry out the calibration at a minimum of five approximately evenly
