1、BS ISO 13909-1:2016Hard coal and coke Mechanical samplingPart 1: General introductionBSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS ISO 13909-1:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 13909-1:2016.It supersedes
2、BS ISO 13909-1:2001 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PTI/16, Solid mineral fuels.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessa
3、ryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2016.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 83174 4ICS 73.040; 75.160.10Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard
4、 was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2016.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO 13909-1:2016 ISO 2016Hard coal and coke Mechanical sampling Part 1: General introductionHouille et coke chantillonnage mca
5、nique Partie 1: Introduction gnraleINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO13909-1Second edition2016-07-01Reference numberISO 13909-1:2016(E)BS ISO 13909-1:2016ISO 13909-1:2016(E)ii ISO 2016 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2016, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise spec
6、ified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or I
7、SOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 13909-1:2016ISO 13909-1:2016(E)Foreword iv1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and defini
8、tions . 14 Structure . 55 General principles of sampling . 56 Choice of sampling procedure 67 Integrated sampling systems . 78 Packing and marking of samples . 79 Sampling report. 7Bibliography 9 ISO 2016 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 13909-1:2016ISO 13909-1:2016(E)ForewordISO (the Inte
9、rnational Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has
10、 been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical s
11、tandardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in acco
12、rdance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Detail
13、s of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endo
14、rsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information.The committee resp
15、onsible for this document is ISO/TC 27, Solid mineral fuels, Subcommittee SC 4, Sampling.This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 13909-1:2001), which has been technically revised.ISO 13909 consists of the following parts, under the general title Hard coal and coke Mechanical
16、sampling: Part 1: General introduction Part 2: Coal Sampling from moving streams Part 3: Coal Sampling from stationary lots Part 4: Coal Preparation of test samples Part 5: Coke Sampling from moving streams Part 6: Coke Preparation of test samples Part 7: Methods for determining the precision of sam
17、pling, sample preparation and testing Part 8: Methods of testing for biasiv ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 13909-1:2016INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13909-1:2016(E)Hard coal and coke Mechanical sampling Part 1: General introduction1 ScopeThis part of ISO 13909 defines the basic terms used in the sa
18、mpling of solid mineral fuels, describes the general principles of sampling and details the information to be provided in the documentation and the sampling report. It also lists the other parts and gives guidance on the selection of the appropriate part.ISO 13909 does not include sampling of brown
19、coals and lignites, or sampling from coal seams, for which guidance is given in ISO 14180. Manual sampling of coal and coke is covered in ISO 18283.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its applicatio
20、n. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 565, Test sieves Metal wire cloth, perforated metal plate and electroformed sheet Nominal sizes of openingsISO 3310-1, Test sieves Tec
21、hnical requirements and testing Part 1: Test sieves of metal wire clothISO 5725-1:1994, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results Part 1: General principles and definitions3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.3
22、.1air-dryingprocess of bringing the moisture content of the sample (3.31) near to equilibrium with the atmosphere in the area in which further reduction and division of the sample are to take placeNote 1 to entry: Air-drying to equilibrium with the atmosphere applies to coal. Drying of coke is gener
23、ally to facilitate sample preparation (3.34).3.2biassystematic error (3.10) which leads to the average value of a series of results being persistently higher or persistently lower than those which are obtained using a reference sampling method3.3coefficient of variationstandard deviation (3.37) expr
24、essed as a percentage of the absolute value of the arithmetic mean3.4common samplesample (3.31) collected for more than one intended use ISO 2016 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 13909-1:2016ISO 13909-1:2016(E)3.5continuous samplingtaking of a sample (3.31) from each consecutive sub-lot (3.39) so that in
25、crements are taken at uniform intervals whenever the fuel is handled at the point of sampling3.6cutsee increment (3.15)3.7cuttermechanical sampling device which extracts increment(s)3.8divided incrementpart obtained from the division of the increment in order to decrease its massNote 1 to entry: Suc
26、h division may be done with or without prior size reduction.3.9duplicate samplingparticular case of replicate sampling (3.30) with only two replicate samples (3.31)3.10errordifference between the observation and the accepted reference value as defined in ISO 5725-1:1994, 3.5Note 1 to entry: This can
27、 be designated as systematic error bias (3.2) or random error (3.29).3.11fixed mass divisionmethod of sample division (3.33) in which the mass retained is predetermined and independent of the mass of the feed3.12fixed ratio divisionmethod of sample division (3.33) in which the division ratio is pred
28、eterminedNote 1 to entry: In fixed ratio division, the mass of sample (3.31) retained is a fixed proportion of the mass of the feed.3.13fuelhard coal or coke3.14general-analysis test samplesample (3.31), prepared to pass a sieve of nominal size of openings 212 m complying with ISO 3310-1, used for t
29、he determination of most chemical and some physical characteristics3.15incrementportion of fuel (3.13) extracted in a single operation of the sampling device3.16lotdefined quantity of fuel (3.13) for which the quality is to be determinedNote 1 to entry: A lot may be divided into sub-lots (3.39).2 IS
30、O 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 13909-1:2016ISO 13909-1:2016(E)3.17manual samplingcollection of increments (3.15) by human effort3.18mass-basis samplingtaking of increments (3.15) whereby the position of each increment to be collected from the stream of fuel (3.13) is measured by a mass interval of
31、 stream flow and the increment mass is fixed3.19mechanical samplingcollection of increments (3.15) by mechanical means3.20mechanical sampling systemcombination of sampling and sample preparation (3.34) performed mechanically3.21moisture samplesample (3.31) taken specifically for the purpose of deter
32、mining total moistureNote 1 to entry: For coke, this sample may also be used for general analysis.3.22nominal top sizeaperture size of the smallest sieve in the range included in the R 20 Series (as defined in ISO 565, square hole) on which not more than 5 % of the sample (3.31) is retained3.23off-l
33、ine sample preparationsample preparation (3.34) performed manually or mechanically on the samples (3.31) produced by the mechanical sampling system (3.20), using equipment not integral to the mechanical sampling system itself3.24on-line sample processingprocessing of the primary sample (3.31) materi
34、al using equipment integral with the sampling system3.25outlierresult which meets statistical criteria identifying an outlier, esp. exceeding Cochrans maximum variance test, and for which there is direct physical evidence of causation by gross deviation from the prescribed experimental procedure3.26
35、physical samplesample (3.31) taken specifically for the determination of physical characteristics, such as physical strength indices or size distribution3.27precisioncloseness of agreement between independent test results obtained under stipulated conditionsNote 1 to entry: This is often defined usi
36、ng an index of precision, such as two standard deviations (3.37).3.28primary incrementincrement (3.15) taken at the first stage of sampling, prior to any sample division (3.33) and/or sample reduction (3.35) ISO 2016 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 13909-1:2016ISO 13909-1:2016(E)3.29random errorerror (3
37、.10) that is statistically independent of previous errorsNote 1 to entry: This implies that any two errors in a series of random errors are uncorrelated and that individual errors are unpredictable. In consequence of the partitioning of error into systematic bias (3.2) and random components, the the
38、oretical mean of the random errors is zero. Whereas individual errors are unpredictable, the mean of the random errors in a series of observations tends towards zero as the number of observations increases.3.30replicate samplingtaking at intervals of increments (3.15) which are combined in rotation
39、into different containers to give two or more samples (3.31) of approximately equal mass3.31samplequantity of fuel (3.13), representative of a larger mass for which the quality is to be determined3.32samplerdevice physically collecting a sample increment (3.15)Note 1 to entry: Not to be confused wit
40、h personnel physically collecting an increment or operating a sampling system.3.33sample divisionprocess in sample (3.31) preparation whereby the sample is divided into representative, separate portions3.34sample preparationprocess of bringing samples (3.31) to the condition required for analysis or
41、 testingNote 1 to entry: Sample preparation covers mixing, particle size reduction, sample division (3.33) and sometimes air-drying (3.1) of the sample and may be performed in several stages.3.35sample reductionprocess in sample preparation (3.34) whereby the particle size of the sample (3.31) is re
42、duced by crushing or grinding3.36size analysis samplesample (3.31) taken specifically for particle size analysis3.37standard deviationsquare root of the variance (3.43)3.38stratified random samplingtaking of an increment (3.15) at random within the mass interval or time interval determined for mass-
43、basis sampling (3.18) or time-basis sampling (3.42), respectively3.39sub-lotpart of a lot (3.16) for which a test result is required4 ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 13909-1:2016ISO 13909-1:2016(E)3.40systematic samplingtaking of increments (3.15) at uniform mass or time intervals according to a
44、predetermined plan3.41test samplesample (3.31) which is prepared to meet the requirements of a specific test3.42time-basis samplingtaking of increments (3.15) whereby the position of each increment to be collected from the stream of fuel (3.13) is measured by a time interval and the increment mass i
45、s proportional to the flow rate at the time the increment is taken3.43variancemeasure of dispersion, which is the sum of the squared deviations of observations from their average divided by one less than the number of observations4 StructureISO 13909 is divided into eight parts. ISO 139092, ISO 1390
46、93 and ISO 139094 relate to coal only; ISO 139095 and ISO 139096 to coke only.Basic statistical procedures and formulae which apply equally to the sampling of hard coal or coke and which underlie the decisions concerning numbers of sub-lots, increments and masses taken and information concerning the
47、 precision and bias of the sampling operation are, for the most part, found in ISO 139097 and ISO 139098.The parts are as follows:ISO 13909, Hard coal and coke Mechanical samplingPart 1: General introductionPart 2: Coal Mechanical sampling from moving streamsPart 3: Coal Mechanical sampling from sta
48、tionary lotsPart 4: Coal Preparation of test samplesPart 5: Coke Mechanical sampling from moving streamsPart 6: Coke Preparation of test samplesPart 7: Methods for determining the precision of sampling, sample preparation and testingPart 8: Methods of testing for bias5 General principles of sampling
49、The purpose of taking and preparing a sample of fuel is to provide a test sample which, when analyzed, will provide test results representative of the lot sampled.The first stage of sampling, known as primary sampling, is the taking of an adequate number of fuel portions known as primary increments from positions distributed over the entire lot. The primary increments are then combined into a sample, either as taken or after having been divided in order to reduce the mass of the sample to a
