1、Solid mineral fuels Guidance on the sampling of coal seamsBS ISO 14180:2017BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 14180:2017. It supersedes BS ISO 14180:1998, which is withdrawn.The UK pa
2、rticipation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PTI/16, Solid mineral fuels.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are respons
3、ible for its correct application.ISBN 978 0 580 94120 7ICS 73.040Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 May 2017.Amendments/corrigenda issued since
4、publicationDate Text affected BRITISH STANDARDBS ISO 14180:2017 ISO 2017Solid mineral fuels Guidance on the sampling of coal seamsCombustibles minraux solides Principes directeurs pour lchantillonnage des veines de charbonINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO14180Second edition2017-04-01Reference numberISO 1418
5、0:2017(E)BS ISO 14180:2017ISO 14180:2017(E)ii ISO 2017 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2017, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mec
6、hanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Sw
7、itzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 14180:2017ISO 14180:2017(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative reference . 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Selection of sampling site 34.1 Initial considerations . 34.2 Sampling procedures . 34.3 Core sampl
8、ing 44.3.1 Purpose of coal sampling 44.3.2 Core drilling and sampling procedures 44.3.3 Core recovery 54.3.4 Core handling and identification 64.3.5 Procedure for placing samples in bags . 64.3.6 Procedure for storing and despatching samples 64.3.7 Boxing of core . 74.3.8 Transporting core . 84.4 Cu
9、ttings or “chip” sampling 84.4.1 Purpose of cuttings sampling . 84.4.2 Method of cuttings sampling . 84.4.3 Cuttings samples identification and labelling . 94.5 Open-cut slot sampling 94.5.1 Purpose of open-cut slot sampling . 94.5.2 Method of open-cut slot sampling .104.6 Adit, drift or shaft sampl
10、ing 124.7 Pillar sampling . 134.7.1 Purpose of pillar sampling . 134.7.2 Marking of sampling site 134.7.3 Method of pillar sampling . 134.8 Channel sampling 154.8.1 Purpose of channel sampling . 154.8.2 Manual sampling in underground situations .154.8.3 Continuous miner sampling 174.9 Strip sampling
11、 . 174.9.1 Purpose of strip sampling . 174.9.2 Method of strip sampling 184.10 Total moisture samples. 184.11 Labelling 185 Recording of sampling location and geological data .185.1 Sampling location 185.2 Geological and sampling data 196 Transportation of samples 196.1 Pillar samples 196.2 Channel
12、and strip including sub-sectional (ply) samples .20Annex A (informative) Example of a standard form for recording channel sampling data21Bibliography .23 ISO 2017 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 14180:2017ISO 14180:2017(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is
13、 a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represen
14、ted on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop
15、this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC
16、 Directives, Part 2. www.iso.org/directivesAttention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the develop
17、ment of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received. www.iso.org/patentsAny trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the voluntary nature of stan
18、dards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see the following URL: http:/www.iso.org/iso/foreword.htmlThis document wa
19、s prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 27, Solid mineral fuels, Subcommittee SC 4, Sampling.This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 14180:1998), which has been technically revisediv ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS ISO 14180:2017ISO 14180:2017(E)IntroductionCoal is one of the
20、 most challenging materials to sample due to its characteristic heterogeneity. A coal seam can consist of a single stratum of one lithotype of relatively uniform maceral constitution, or more commonly, consist of a number of layers of different coal lithotypes varying in thickness and lateral extent
21、. The seam can also contain discrete layers of inorganic sediments or carbonaceous shales of varying thickness. Veins of concordant or discordant secondary mineral rock could also be present. The lithotype layers can vary considerably in hardness, texture and structure according to the nature of the
22、 coal and inorganic sediments. The inorganic layers can also thicken laterally, splitting the seam into two or more separate units which could require multiple samples.It is strongly recommended that a collaborative team including geologists, mining engineers, safety, land and laboratory professiona
23、ls review each proposed sampling program to help ensure optimal effectiveness and efficiency are obtained.The purpose of sampling coal for any resource evaluation is to predict the expected quality of the produced coal from a given locale. Therefore, the fundamental goal of each sampling effort is t
24、he collection of representative samples of the seam(s) at each sampling location. A properly executed sampling program needs to accurately define both the lateral variation in coal quality and the average quality for a specified area.After inspection of any seam, the sampler designes a sampling prog
25、ram with sufficient representative samples to define the range of expected coal quality. In variable seams it is necessary to take a number of samples to improve the representativity of sampling.In operating mines, the manager needs to be consulted and approval needs to be obtained before sampling s
26、ites are selected and sampling proceeds. Where there is no operating mine the area or tenement owner and or operator is consulted.In all sampling situations, experienced and qualified personnel will be required for supervision and to ensure that accurate records are made of location, thickness and l
27、ithotype descriptions and that all safety precautions have been addressed.Methods of sampling for physical, chemical, petrographic or utilization properties are described for the following:a) sampling from small and large diameter drill cores;b) sampling from exposed seam faces;c) sampling from tria
28、l open-cut excavations;d) sampling from underground workings. ISO 2017 All rights reserved vBS ISO 14180:2017This page deliberately left blankSolid mineral fuels Guidance on the sampling of coal seamsSAFETY PRECAUTIONS It is strongly recommended that a risk analysis of the sampling exercise be under
29、taken by an experienced safety officer before work begins.1 ScopeThis document provides guidance on methods for taking samples from coal seams in the ground, whether from exploration areas or tenements, or from operating underground or open-cut mines. The following methods are described:a) sampling
30、of small or large diameter holes;b) drill cuttings sampling;c) open-cut slot sampling;d) adit, drift or shaft sampling;e) pillar sampling;f) channel sampling;g) strip sampling.This document does not apply to sampling from moving streams in production or any other source of coal that is not in situ.R
31、ecommendations are made for selection and preparation of the sampling site, and methods are described for taking both small and bulk samples, and for preparing the samples for transport.NOTE Annex A gives an example of a channel sample record form that can be used to record sampling and other releva
32、nt data, and ISO 13909 or ISO 18283 describes how to determine the mass of a representative sample at various nominal top sizes.2 Normative referenceThe following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For date
33、d references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 1213-2, Solid mineral fuels Vocabulary Part 2: Terms relating to sampling, testing and analysis3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this do
34、cument, the terms and definitions given in ISO 12132 and the following apply.ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:/www.iso.org/obp IEC Electropedia: available at http:/www.electropedia.org
35、/INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14180:2017(E) ISO 2017 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 14180:2017ISO 14180:2017(E)3.1bulk samplesample of large mass, taken in a particular operation for a specific reason, such as for pilot washing, coal preparation or combustion testsNote 1 to entry: It is not possible to d
36、efine the minimum size of a bulk sample.3.2channel samplesample of the coal and associated inorganic material taken by removing a vertical channel of even cross-section from the seamNote 1 to entry: Where the full section of the seam is not accessible or not required, this term can refer to a sample
37、 taken either from a specifically defined portion of the seam, or from the floor to roof as mined or exposed.3.3coal seamstratum or sequence of strata composed of coal as a significant component and significantly different in lithology to the strata above and below itNote 1 to entry: It is laterally
38、 persistent over a significant area and it will be of sufficient thickness and persistence to warrant mapping or description as an individual unit.3.4core samplecylindrical sample of the whole or part of a coal seam obtained by drilling using a coring barrelNote 1 to entry: The diameter of the core
39、can vary from 50 mm to 2 000 mm depending on the reason for which the sample is required. However, 50 mm to 200 mm is the most common core diameter range.3.5cuttings samplesample of coal chips produced from the rotary drilling of a coal seam using a non-coring bit such as a blade bit or roller bit3.
40、6pillar samplesection of a seam taken in the form of a block, or series of blocks, of coal with associated inorganic rock which, when arranged in correct vertical sequence, represent a true section of the seamNote 1 to entry: Where the full section of the seam is not accessible or not required, this
41、 term can refer to a sample taken either from a specifically defined portion of the seam, or from the floor to roof as mined or exposed.3.7plylayer of coal seam normally differing in properties from adjacent layers. Any distinctive layer maybe regarded as a ply3.8ply samplesample taken from an indiv
42、idual ply or leaf or from a series of plies or leaves of a coal seam3.9strip samplesample similar to a channel sample but smaller in cross-sectionNote 1 to entry: A single strip sample can often be regarded as being too small to guarantee that all horizons of the seam are adequately represented. How
43、ever, a number of such samples can be taken to achieve better representativity in a variable seam.2 ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS ISO 14180:2017ISO 14180:2017(E)4 Selection of sampling site4.1 Initial considerationsSampling sites where possible are chosen at random when no other information regardi
44、ng the tenement or exploration site is available. The site for sampling apart from drill holes should be chosen, as far as possible, to avoid cracks and breaks, random lenses of rock or mineral matter, or other abnormalities or irregularities in the face to be sampled. However, on occasion, the purp
45、ose may be to sample a particular mode of development of the seam section, in which case the sample should be taken at the best available site exhibiting this feature. The location of the sampling point should be recorded accurately (see Clause 6).Core sampling is usually employed for sampling coal
46、seams that are not exposed in outcrop or by mining. It is especially useful in areas which are not readily accessible as drill rigs are small enough to be located by helicopter. Sometimes, however, this method is used even though exposed faces are available. This is because it is often faster, less
47、labour-intensive, safer and more representative than pillar or strip sampling, especially if a suitable drilling rig is readily available. For example, many open-cut mines take cores of the seam to be uncovered in the next mining strip to obtain coal quality data for mine planning purposes. Coring o
48、f the uncovered coal seam by a drilling rig sitting directly on top of the coal is also common practice where detailed coal quality parameters need to be known for blending purposes or for specific cargoes where the customer may be particularly sensitive to certain coal properties or inorganic impur
49、ities.Cores can be obtained routinely in diameters ranging from 50 mm to 200 mm depending on the amount of material required for testing. It is generally advisable that, for routine sampling operations, 100 mm cores be taken as this size provides a good compromise between representativity and cost.NOTE There are risks in comparing data from different core sizes of the same coal. The determined yield values and analysis for washing coals can vary significantly. When this occurs it is recommended that the results be confirmed by very large cor
