1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 14396:2002 Reciprocating internal combustion engines Determination and method for the measurement of engine power Additional requirements for exhaust emission tests in accordance with ISO 8178 ICS 27.020 BS ISO 14396:2002 This British Standard, having been prepared under the
2、direction of the Engineering Sector Policy and Strategy Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 25 July 2002 BSI 25 July 2002 ISBN 0 580 40095 6 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 14396:2002 and implements it as the
3、UK national standard. It supersedes BS ISO/TR 14396:1996 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee MCE/14, Reciprocating internal combustion engines, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be o
4、btained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BS
5、I Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enqui
6、rers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This docu
7、ment comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to v, a blank page, pages 1 to 9 and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments Reference num
8、ber ISO 14396:2002(E)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14396 First edition 2002-06-01 Reciprocating internal combustion engines Determination and method for the measurement of engine power Additional requirements for exhaust emission tests in accordance with ISO 8178 Moteurs alternatifs combustion interne
9、Dtermination et mthode de mesurage de la puissance Exigences supplmentaires pour les essais dmissions de gaz dchappement suivant lISO 8178 BSISO14396:2002ii BSISO14396:2002 iiiContents Page Foreword.iv Introduction.v 1 Scope1 2 Normative references1 3 Terms and definitions .2 4 Symbols2 5 Standard r
10、eference conditions.2 6 Tests3 6.1 Test method.3 6.2 Test conditions3 6.3 Test procedure.4 7 Method of power correction .4 8 Measurement of exhaust emission4 9 Test report5 9.1 General5 9.2 Statement of results as a function of engine speed 7 10 Tolerance for measuring engine power 8 Bibliography9 B
11、SISO14396:2002iv Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subj
12、ect for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IE
13、C) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committ
14、ees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of patent rights. ISO
15、 shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 14396 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 70, Internal combustion engines. This first edition of ISO 14396 cancels and replaces ISO/TR 14396:1996 which has been technically revised. BSISO14396:2002 vIntroduction
16、 This International Standard establishes one “Satellite” standard of the ISO engine power measurement standards, the use of which enables one to avoid the disadvantages due to the existance of many similar, but different, ISO standards for the definition and determination of engine power. It uses th
17、e “Core” and “Satellite” approach. The “Core” standard, ISO 15550 contains the requirements that are common to all engine applications whereas this International Standard contains as a “Satellite” standard those requirements that are necessary to tailor power measurement and declaration to suit the
18、particular engine application as defined in clause 1. This International Standard is intended to be applied only in conjunction with the “Core” standard ISO 15550 in order to completely specify the requirements for the particular engine application. The “Satellite” standard therefore is not a docume
19、nt that can stand alone but is intended to be accomplished by the requirements laid down in the “Core” standard ISO 15550 to become a complete standard. The structure of both, the “Core” and the “Satellite” standard have been drafted in a very similar way to ensure easy use. The advantage of this ap
20、proach is that the use of standards for the same or similar engines used in different applications will be rationalized and the harmonization of standards in the course of revision or development will be ensured. In comparison with engines for on-road applications, engines for off-road use are made
21、in a much wider range of power outputs and configurations as they are used in a large number of different applications. The objective of ISO 8178 is to rationalize the gaseous and particulate emission test procedures for off-road engines in order to simplify and make more cost effective the drafting
22、 of legislation, the development of engine specifications and engine certification. One of the concepts that has been adopted to achieve this objective is to calculate the specific emissions (g/kWh) on the basis of the engine power when only the essential dependent auxiliaries are fitted. ISO 8178 h
23、as been used in legislation and the authorities have set limit values that vary according to the power of the engine. This International Standard defines the procedure to be used to determine the power of the engine for testing in accordance with the requirements of ISO 8178. The calculation of spec
24、ific emissions in accordance with ISO 8178 is based upon uncorrected power measurement values, since the emissions vary with ambient conditions but cannot be corrected at the time of measurement. The permissible range of ambient conditions in this International Standard is therefore very small in or
25、der to minimize this effect. This International Standard, which uses power correction procedures so that a wide range of ambient test conditions can be met, is intended to be used to determine the engine power prior to performing an emission test. BSISO14396:2002BSISO14396:2002 1Reciprocating intern
26、al combustion engines Determination and method for the measurement of engine power Additional requirements for exhaust emission tests in accordance with ISO 8178 1 Scope This International Standard specifies the additional and method requirements for determining the power of reciprocating internal c
27、ombustion (RIC) engines when presented for an exhaust emission test in accordance with ISO 8178, to the basic requirements defined in the “Core” standard ISO 15550. It also specifies the power correction method for the confirmation of engine power for pre-set engines under variable atmospheric condi
28、tions. These corrections do not apply to the definition of the exhaust emission values which are in all cases only related to the uncorrected engine power. This International Standard applies to RIC engines for land, rail traction and marine use excluding engines for motor vehicles primarily designe
29、d for on-road use. It may be applied to engines used to propel e.g. road construction and earth-moving machines, industrial trucks and for other applications. This International Standard is a “Satellite” standard and shall be applied in conjunction with the “Core” standard ISO 15550 only, in order t
30、o completely specify the requirements for the particular engine application. 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or rev
31、isions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the norm
32、ative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 3104:1994, Petroleum products Transparent and opaque liquids Determination of kinematic viscosity and calculation of dynamic viscosity ISO 3675:1998, Crude petroleum and liqu
33、id petroleum products Laboratory determination of density Hydrometer method ISO 5164:1990, Motor fuels Determination of knock characteristics Research method ISO 5165:1998, Petroleum products Determination of the ignition quality of diesel fuels Cetane engine method ISO 15550:2002, Reciprocating int
34、ernal combustion engines Determination and method for the measurement of engine power General requirements ASTM D240-00, Standard Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter ASTM D3338-00, Standard Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviatio
35、n Fuels BSISO14396:20022 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the terms and definitions given in ISO 15550 listed in Table 1 apply. Table 1 Terms and definitions Term Definition (listed alphabetically) see ISO 15550 Subclause No. declared engine speed 3.2.4 declar
36、ed intermediate engine speed 3.2.5 declared power 3.3.1 engine adjustment 3.2.1 engine power for ISO 8178 3.3.3.3 engine speed 3.2.3 engine speed at maximum torque 3.2.7 fuel delivery 3.4.2 load 3.3.11 power correction 3.3.10 production conformity test 3.5.4 special test 3.5.3 For the declaration of
37、 the intermediate engine speed the following requirements shall be taken into account: for engines which are designed to operate over a specific speed range of the full load torque curve, the intermediate engine speed shall be the declared engine speed at maximum torque if it occurs between 60 % and
38、 75 % of the declared speed. If the declared engine speed at maximum torque is less than 60 % of the declared speed, then the intermediate engine speed shall be 60 % of the declared speed. If the declared engine speed at maximum torque is greater than 75 % of the declared speed, then the intermediat
39、e engine speed shall be 75 % of the declared speed. for engines which are not designed to operate over a speed range of the full load torque curve at steady conditions, the intermediate engine speed will typically be between 60 % and 70 % of the declared speed. 4 Symbols For the symbols used in this
40、 International Standard see Table 2 of ISO 15550:2002; for the meanings of subscripts see Table 3 of ISO 15550:2002. 5 Standard reference conditions The requirements of ISO 15550:2002 clause 5 apply. BSISO14396:2002 36 Tests 6.1 Test method Test method 2 in accordance with 6.3 of ISO 15550:2002 appl
41、ies. 6.2 Test conditions The requirements of ISO 15550:2002 sublauses 6.3.4.1 to 6.3.4.14 apply with the following additions: a) The settings for the engine power test depend upon whether the engine is pre-set and will run at full fuel delivery under all conditions, or if the engine is adjustable an
42、d will be adjusted to produce a specified power output. For adjustable compression-ignition (diesel) engines the engine power test shall consist of a run at the required fuel system settings to produce the manufacturers specified power, the engine being equipped as specified in ISO 15550:2002, Table
43、 1, column 5. All equipment and auxiliaries not required by ISO 15550:2002, Table 1, column 5, should be removed before the test. Certain accessories, necessary only for the operation of the machine to which the engine will be connected and which may be mounted on the engine, should be removed for t
44、he test. The following non-exhaustive list is given as an example: air compressors for brakes; power-steering pump; suspension compressor; air-conditioning system compressor; mounted gearbox. Where accessories cannot be removed, the power absorbed by them in the unloaded condition shall be determine
45、d and added to the measured engine power. If this value is greater than 3 % of the maximum power at the test speed it may be verified by the test authority. b) The fuel selected for the ISO 8178 power test shall be the same as that for the ISO 8178 emission test. Unless otherwise agreed by the parti
46、es involved the fuel shall be selected in accordance with the requirements of Table 12 of ISO 15550:2002. For compression ignition (diesel) engines operating on distillate fuel, the fuel temperature values given in ISO 15550:2002,subclause 6.3.4.11 b) do not apply. For these engines the fuel tempera
47、ture shall be 313 K 3 7 + K1)2) . 1) The tolerances shown are in conformity with the non-road engine emission legislative requirements. 2) If other than diesel fuels are used, the fuel temperature may vary. BSISO14396:20024 6.3 Test procedure The requirements of ISO 15550:2002, subclause 6.3.5 do no
48、t apply and shall be replaced by the following. For variable speed engines, measurements shall be taken at a sufficient number of engine speeds to completely define the power curve between the lowest and the highest engine speeds recommended by the manufacturer. At each point, the average of at leas
49、t two stabilized measurements shall be taken. For constant speed engines and those driving equipment which determines the speed-dependent torque characteristics, e.g. a propeller, measurements shall be made at the declared speed and declared power. 7 Method of power correction 7.1 For the purposes of this International Standard the method of power correction in accordance with clause 7 of ISO 15550, applies. 7.2 The test may be carrie
