1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58Part 1: Calculation of rated operating capacity and test method for verifying calculated tipping lo
2、adICS 53.100Earth-moving machinery Loaders and backhoe loaders BRITISH STANDARDBS ISO 14397-1:2007BS ISO 14397-1:2007This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 October 2007 BSI 2007ISBN 978 0 580 54516 0Amendments issued since publica
3、tionAmd. No. Date CommentsThis publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.National forewordThis British Standard is the UK imple
4、mentation of ISO 14397-1:2007. It supersedes BS ISO 14397-1:2002 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/513, Construction equipment and plant and site safety, to Subcommittee B/513/1, Earth moving machinery (International).A list of organiza
5、tions represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.Reference numberISO 14397-1:2007(E)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO14397-1Second edition2007-09-15Earth-moving machinery Loaders and backhoe loaders Part 1: Calculation of rated operating capacity and test method for verifying
6、 calculated tipping load Engins de terrassement Chargeuses et chargeuses-pelleteuses Partie 1: Calcul de la charge utile nominale et mthode dessai pour vrifier la charge de basculement calcule BS ISO 14397-1:2007ii iiiContents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitio
7、ns .2 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms 3 5 Requirements.4 5.1 Calculation of rated operating capacity 4 5.2 Loader configurations.5 5.3 Procedure for calculating tipping load at maximum reach .6 6 Tipping load verification test7 6.1 General7 6.2 Test equipment 8 6.3 Test measurement of minimum tippin
8、g load 8 6.4 Verification .8 6.5 Test report 8 Annex A (informative) Heavy single object (HSO) .15 Bibliography 17 BS ISO 14397-1:2007iv Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing
9、 International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liais
10、on with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of te
11、chnical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is dr
12、awn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 14397-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 127, Earth-moving machinery, Subcommittee SC 1, Test methods
13、relating to machine performance. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 14397-1:2002), which has been technically revised. ISO 14397 consists of the following parts, under the general title Earth-moving machinery Loaders and backhoe loaders: Part 1: Calculation of rated oper
14、ating capacity and test method for verifying calculated tipping load Part 2: Test method for measuring breakout forces and lift capacity to maximum lift height BS ISO 14397-1:20071Earth-moving machinery Loaders and backhoe loaders Part 1: Calculation of rated operating capacity and test method for v
15、erifying calculated tipping load 1 Scope This part of ISO 14397 specifies the means for determining the rated operating capacity of wheeled or crawler loaders or of the loader portion of backhoe loaders, having buckets and material handling forks, as defined in ISO 6165. It gives standard methods fo
16、r the calculation and test verification of the tipping load (mass). It is applicable only to the use of buckets and forks on loaders. NOTE Certain attachments can exceed the normal operating capacity and will require restricted machine operating conditions, such as reduced machine speed or limited l
17、ifting height. Refer to the attachment manufacturers instructions for the intended use of the attachment. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, th
18、e latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 6016:1998, Earth-moving machinery Methods of measuring the masses of whole machines, their equipment and components ISO 6165:2006, Earth-moving machinery Basic types Identification and terms and definitions ISO 6746-
19、1:2003, Earth-moving machinery Definitions of dimensions and codes Part 1: Base machine ISO 7546:1983, Earth-moving machinery Loader and front loading excavator buckets Volumetric ratings ISO 9248:1992, Earth-moving machinery Units for dimensions, performance and capacities, and their measurement ac
20、curacies ISO 14397-2, Earth-moving machinery Loaders and backhoe loaders Part 2: Test method for measuring breakout forces and lift capacity to maximum lift height BS ISO 14397-1:20072 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 6165 and ISO 6746
21、-1, and the following, apply. 3.1 rated operating capacity N calculated value, in kilograms, representing normal loading under typical operating conditions 3.2 tipping load at maximum reach mtipminimum mass, in kilograms, that, when placed in the loader bucket or on forks at maximum moment arm posit
22、ion, will cause the loader to achieve the tipping limit condition in its least stable configuration, with the loader placed on a hard, level surface and the resultant force acting vertically through the centroid of the rated bucket volume as specified in ISO 7546 or the fork load centre as specified
23、 in 5.2.6 and shown in Figure 1 3.3 lift capacity to maximum height mliftmass, in kilograms, which can be lifted from the ground to maximum height using the lift cylinder or cylinders at hydraulic circuit working pressure, with the bucket positioned to hold the maximum load or the forks positioned h
24、orizontally, and with the resultant force acting vertically through the centroid of the rated bucket volume as specified in ISO 7546 or the fork load centre as specified in 5.2.6 and shown in Figure 1 NOTE See also ISO 14397-2. 3.4 maximum moment arm n maximum horizontal distance from the load centr
25、e of gravity to the tipping line when the bucket is positioned to hold the maximum load or the forks are positioned horizontally See Figures 2 to 8. 3.5 tipping limit condition wheeled loaders condition in which at least one of the wheels farthest from the tipping line no longer touches the ground 3
26、.6 tipping limit condition crawlers with rigid frame suspension condition when the front track rollers no longer touch the track NOTE For other types of suspension, the tipping limit condition is as specified by the manufacturer. 3.7 tipping line line about which the loader tips See Figures 2 to 8.
27、3.8 operating mass mass of the base machine with equipment and empty attachment as specified by the manufacturer, and with the operator (75 kg), full fuel tank and all fluid systems at the levels specified by the manufacturer BS ISO 14397-1:200733.9 hydraulic circuit working pressure pressure applie
28、d to the specific hydraulic lifting circuit by the hydraulic pump or pumps 3.10 swing loader loader having a swing type lift arm which can rotate to the left and right of the straight position 3.11 stability factors k factors accounting for the effects of the operating surface and of the dynamic for
29、ces caused by travel speed, tyre deflection, etc., used in rated operating capacity calculation 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms A1articulation angle, as defined in ISO 6746-1 D load centre of gravity distance mG1measured load on the front wheel at the opposite side of the tipping line (without load
30、in bucket) kgG2measured load on the rear wheel at the opposite side of the tipping line (without load in bucket) kgGHmeasured load on the rear axle (without load in bucket) kgk stability factors (see Table 1) L2 crawler base, as defined in ISO 6746-1 mL3 wheel base, as defined in ISO 6746-1 mL5 rear
31、 axle to hinge (pivot of the articulated steering), as defined in ISO 6746-1 mmliftlift capacity to maximum height kgmtiptipping load at maximum reach kgN rated operating capacity kgn maximum moment arm mn1moment arm of load G1(horizontal distance between centre of action of G1and side tipping line)
32、 mn2moment arm of load G2(horizontal distance between centre of action of G2and side tipping line) mW1 maximum width, as defined in ISO 6746-1 (see also ISO 14397-2) mW2 track gauge, as defined in ISO 6746-1 (see also ISO 14397-2) mW3 tread (wheel type), as defined in ISO 6746-1 mW4 track shoe width
33、, as defined in ISO 6746-1 (see also ISO 14397-2) mBS ISO 14397-1:20074 5 Requirements 5.1 Calculation of rated operating capacity For each type of loader, the configurations in which the loader is most likely to tip over are assessed and the corresponding tipping line is determined. The rated opera
34、ting capacity, N, is then given by Equation (1): tipNkm= or N = mlift (1) (whichever gives the lesser result) where k is the stability factor determined from Table 1, based on the configuration; mtipis the tipping load at maximum reach, determined in accordance with Clause 6 or calculated using Equa
35、tion (2): tipiiiGnmn=(2) where Gi is a partial load that opposes the tipping over of the loader; n is the maximum moment arm length; ni is its corresponding moment arm with respect to the tipping line; mlift is the lift capacity to maximum height, determined in accordance with ISO 14397-2. NOTE See
36、5.3 for the actual formula for calculating N for specific loader types. Table 1 Determination of stability factor Loader configuration k Wheeled machines with bucket or forks 0,50 Crawler machines with bucket or forks 0,35 NOTE 1 The stability factor, k, is for normal operation. For wheeled machines
37、, normal operation includes operating on a hard, substantially smooth and level surface with a maximum travel speed of 15 km/h. For crawler machines normal operation includes softer ground and not as smooth or level surfaces as wheeled machine conditions, with a maximum travel speed of 6 km/h. NOTE
38、2 Derivative use of wheel or crawler loaders requires a risk assessment to determine the k factor that will assure stable operation. See example in Annex A. BS ISO 14397-1:200755.2 Loader configurations 5.2.1 General The loader shall be the standard version specified by the manufacturer. If the tipp
39、ing load is determined under specific conditions as is the case with additional counterweights, ripper, backhoe or tyre ballast then these conditions shall be specified in the operators manual and advertising literature so that the stable operating conditions are clearly defined. The backhoe portion
40、 of backhoe loaders shall be in the transport position, as specified by the manufacturer. The tipping loads used in manuals or advertising shall specify the operating conditions and configurations including tyre inflation upon which the tipping load (mass) ratings are based. 5.2.2 Rigid-frame type R
41、igid-frame wheeled loaders and backhoe loaders with steered wheels shall be in the straight-ahead position (see Figures 2 and 4). 5.2.3 Articulated-frame type Articulated-frame wheeled loaders and backhoe loaders shall be positioned with the frames both straight and fully articulated to the right an
42、d left (see Figure 3). 5.2.4 Swing-arm type Swing-arm type wheeled loaders shall be turned in the most unstable position, as specified by the manufacturer (see Figures 5 and 6). 5.2.5 Bucket applications The bucket shall be positioned to provide the maximum moment arm, as shown in Figures 2 to 7. 5.
43、2.6 Fork applications The forks shall be horizontal and positioned to provide maximum moment arm at the load centre, with top-clamp closed when so equipped. The load centre of gravity distance, D, is determined as a point on the longitudinal centreline of the machine at half the distance from the mo
44、st rearward point of the load opening to the tip of the fork (see Figure 1). BS ISO 14397-1:20076 Figure 1 Load centre distance with fork arms 5.3 Procedure for calculating tipping load at maximum reach 5.3.1 Wheeled loaders and backhoe loaders Articulated or Ackermann steering 5.3.1.1 General Measu
45、re the load, GH, in kilograms, on the rear axle, with the empty bucket positioned as shown in Figure 2, 3 or 4, or the forks positioned according to 5.2.6, and with full articulation in the case of articulated machines. For compact loaders, the calculation method given for articulated or straight-fr
46、ame machines may only be used if 31 45 and 0,73WALu u (3) 5.3.1.2 Wheeled loaders and backhoe loaders Articulated steering at maximum articulation With the steering system at maximum articulation, right and left, calculate the rated operating capacity, in kilograms, using Equation (4): ()Htip355cos
47、1GL L L ANkm kn+= = (4) 5.3.1.3 Straight-frame wheeled loaders and backhoe loaders Ackermann steering With the steering system in the straight-ahead position, calculate the rated operating capacity, in kilograms, using Equation (5): Htip3GLNkm kn= = (5) 5.3.2 Swing-arm type wheeled loaders Articulat
48、ed or Ackermann steering 5.3.2.1 Swing-arm type wheeled loaders Swing arm in straight position Articulated steering Use Equation (4). See Figures 5 and 6. BS ISO 14397-1:200775.3.2.2 Swing-arm type wheeled loaders Swing arm in straight position Ackermann steering Use Equation (5). 5.3.2.3 Swing-arm
49、type wheeled loaders Swing arm perpendicular to tipping line Articulated steering at maximum articulation and to most critical side Measure loads, G1and G2, in kilograms, on the two wheels (front and rear) opposite the bucket or fork position, with the empty bucket or forks and the swing arm perpendicular to the tipping line, at maximum steering articulation and to the most critical side, as defined by the manufacturer. Calculate the rated operating capacity, N,
