1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 14404-2:2013Calculation method of carbon dioxide emission intensity from iron and steel productionPart 2: Steel plant with electric arc furnace (EAF)BS ISO 14404-2:2013 BR
2、ITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 14404-2:2013. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee ISE/1, Iron and steel standards co-ordinating committee. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtaine
3、d on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 73787 9 ICS 77.080.01 Compliance wit
4、h a British Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2013.Amendments issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO 14404-2:2013 ISO 2013Calculation method of c
5、arbon dioxide emission intensity from iron and steel production Part 2: Steel plant with electric arc furnace (EAF)Mthode de calcul de lintensit de lmission de dioxyde de carbone de la production de la fonte et de lacier Partie 2: Usine sidrurgique avec four arc lectriqueINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO144
6、04-2First edition2013-03-15Reference numberISO 14404-2:2013(E)BS ISO 14404-2:2013ISO 14404-2:2013(E)ii ISO 2013 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2013All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or
7、by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-121
8、1 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandBS ISO 14404-2:2013ISO 14404-2:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Terms and definitions . 12.1 Emissions . 12.2 Gas fuel . 22.3
9、Liquid fuel . 22.4 Solid fuel . 22.5 Auxiliary material . 32.6 Energy carriers . 32.7 Ferrous containing materials . 42.8 Alloys . 42.9 Product and by-product 42.10 Others 43 Symbols 54 Principles . 64.1 General . 64.2 Relevance . 64.3 Completeness . 64.4 Consistency 64.5 Accuracy 64.6 Transparency
10、65 Definition of boundary . 75.1 General . 75.2 Category 1 . 75.3 Category 2 . 75.4 Category 3 . 85.5 Category 4 . 86 Calculation 86.1 General . 86.2 Calculation procedure . 8Annex A (informative) Calculation of energy consumption and intensity .13Annex B (informative) An example of template for usi
11、ng different emission factors or emission sources from Table 4 14Annex C (informative) An example of CO2emission and intensity calculations for steel plant .16Bibliography .19BS ISO 14404-2:2013ISO 14404-2:2013(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federat
12、ion of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committe
13、e. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.International Standards are drafted in accordance w
14、ith the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires appro
15、val by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.ISO 14404-2 was prepared by Technical Committ
16、ee ISO/TC 17, Steel.ISO 14404 consists of the following parts, under the general title of Calculation method of carbon dioxide emission intensity from iron and steel production:Part 1: Steel plant with blast furnacePart 2: Steel plant with electric arc furnace (EAF)iv ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS
17、ISO 14404-2:2013ISO 14404-2:2013(E)IntroductionThe steel industry recognizes the urgent need to take actions concerning climate change. Slowing and halting global warming requires reductions in GHG emissions on a global scale. To play a part in achieving these reductions, it is necessary for steel p
18、lants to identify the amount of CO2emitted during the production of steel products, in order to identify next opportunities for reduction of CO2.The production process of steel involves complex chemical reactions, various heating cycles, and the recycling of various by-products. This variety of impo
19、rts, including raw materials, reactive agents, fuel and heat sources are transformed into wide range of steel products, by-products, waste materials and waste heat.Steel plants manufacture various products including: sheet products, plate products, long products, pipe and tubes and many other types
20、of products. In addition, steel plants produce unique speciality grade steel products with high-performance, which are achieved by various sub-processes including micro-alloying and applying surface treatments like galvanizing and coating that require additional heat treatments. Therefore, none of t
21、he steel plants in the world is exactly identical.Climate regulations in each country require steel companies to devise methods to lower CO2emissions from steel plants while continuing to produce steel products by these diverse and complex steelmaking processes. To accomplish this, it is desirable t
22、o have universally common indicators for determining steel plant CO2emissions.There are many methods for calculating CO2emission intensity for steel plants and specific processes. Each method was created to match the objectives of a particular country or region. In some cases, a single country can h
23、ave several calculation methods in order to fulfill different objectives. Every one of these methods reflects the unique local characteristics of a particular country or region. As a result, these methods cannot be used for comparisons of CO2emission intensity of steel plants in different countries
24、and regions.The World Steel Association (worldsteel), which consists of more than 130 major steel companies in 55 countries and regions of the world, has been working on the development of a calculation method for CO2emission intensity of steel plants to facilitate steel plant CO2emissions improveme
25、nt by the objective comparison of the intensity among the member companies steel plants located in various places in the world. An agreement was reached among members, and worldsteel has issued the method as a guideline called “CO2Emissions Data Collection User Guide.” Actual data collection among w
26、orldsteel members based upon the guide started in 2007. Furthermore, worldsteel is encouraging even non-member steel companies to begin using the guide to calculate CO2emission intensity of their steel plants.This calculation method establishes clear boundaries for collection of CO2emissions data. T
27、he net CO2emissions and production from a steel plant are calculated using all parameters within the boundaries. The CO2emission intensity of the steel plant is calculated by the net CO2emission from the plant using the boundaries divided by the amount of crude steel production of the plant. With th
28、is methodology, the CO2emission intensity of steel plants is calculated irrespective of the variance in the type of process used, products manufactured and geographic characteristics.This calculation method only uses basic imports and exports that are commonly measured and recorded by the plants; th
29、us, the method requires neither the measurement of the specific efficiency of individual equipments or processes nor dedicated measurements of the complex flow and recycling of materials and waste heat. In this way, the calculation method ensures its simplicity and universal applicability without re
30、quiring steel plants to install additional dedicated measuring devices or to collect additional dedicated data other than commonly used data in the management of plants. However, because different regions have different energy sources and raw materials available to them, the resulting calculations c
31、annot be used to determine a benchmark or best in class across regions.With this method, a steel company can calculate a single figure for the CO2emissions intensity of a plant as a whole. As was explained earlier, most steel plants manufacture vast range of products with various shapes and specific
32、ations. This calculation method ensures the simplicity and universal applicability by not accommodating the differences in the production processes of such diverse products, and treats ISO 2013 All rights reserved vBS ISO 14404-2:2013ISO 14404-2:2013(E)a whole steel plant as one unit with one CO2emi
33、ssion intensity. Therefore, this calculation method is not applicable for calculating and determining the carbon footprint of any specific steel product. Also, and for this reason, this method can be used neither for establishing caps or benchmarks for emissions under emissions trading scheme in any
34、 specific local or regional economic system, nor for the generation of CO2data that would allow a comparison of CO2intensities of production processes that are operated inside the site.vi ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS ISO 14404-2:2013INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14404-2:2013(E)Calculation method of c
35、arbon dioxide emission intensity from iron and steel production Part 2: Steel plant with electric arc furnace (EAF)1 ScopeThis part of ISO 14404 specifies calculation methods which companies using EAF to manufacture steel can use to evaluate the total annual carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and the em
36、ission factor of CO2per unit of steel production of the entire steel production process. This part of ISO 14404 is applied to the plants that produce mainly carbon steel.It includes boundary definition, material and energy flow definition, and emission factor of CO2. Besides direct source import to
37、the boundary, upstream and credit concept is applied to exhibit the plant CO2intensity.This part of ISO 14404 supports the steel producer to establish CO2emissions attributable to a site. This part of ISO 14404 cannot be used to calculate benchmarks or to compare CO2intensities of production process
38、es that are operated inside the site.Conversion to energy consumption and to consumption efficiency can be obtained using Annex A.2 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.2.1 Emissions2.1.1emission sourceprocess emitting CO2during production
39、 of steel productsNote 1 to entry: There are three categories of CO2emission sources: direct, upstream and credit. Examples of emission sources that are subject to this part of ISO 14404 are given in 2.1.2, 2.1.3 and 2.1.4.2.1.2direct CO2emissionCO2emissions from steel production activity inside the
40、 boundaryNote 1 to entry: Direct CO2emission is categorized as “direct GHG emissions“ in ISO 14064-1.2.1.3upstream CO2emissionCO2emissions from imported material related to outsourced steel production activities outside the boundary and from imported electricity and steam into the boundaryNote 1 to
41、entry: CO2emissions from imported material in this term is categorized as “other indirect GHG emissions“ in ISO 14064-1.Note 2 to entry: CO2emissions from imported electricity and steam in this term is categorized as “energy indirect GHG emissions“ in ISO 14064-1. ISO 2013 All rights reserved 1BS IS
42、O 14404-2:2013ISO 14404-2:2013(E)2.1.4credit CO2emissionCO2emission that corresponds to exported material and electricity or steamNote 1 to entry: Credit CO2emission is categorized as “direct GHG emissions“ in ISO 14064-1.2.2 Gas fuel2.2.1natural gasmixture of gaseous hydrocarbons, primarily methane
43、, occurring naturally in the earth and used principally as a fuel2.2.2town gasfuel gas manufactured for domestic and industrial use2.3 Liquid fuel2.3.1heavy oilNo. 4- No.6 fuel oil defined by ASTMNote 1 to entry: ASTM: American Society for Testing and Materials2.3.2light oilNo. 2- No.3 fuel oil defi
44、ned by ASTM2.3.3keroseneparaffin (oil)2.3.4LPGliquefied petroleum gas2.4 Solid fuel2.4.1EAF coalcoal for EAF, including anthraciteNote 1 to entry: EAF: electric arc furnace.2.4.2steam coalboiler coal for producing electricity and steam, including anthracite2.4.3cokesolid carbonaceous material2.4.4ch
45、arcoaldevolatilized or coked carbon neutral materialsEXAMPLE Trees, plants.2 ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS ISO 14404-2:2013ISO 14404-2:2013(E)2.4.5SR/DRI coalcoal for SR/DRI including anthraciteNote 1 to entry: SR: smelting reduction; DRI: direct reduction iron.2.5 Auxiliary material2.5.1limestonec
46、alcium carbonate, CaCO32.5.2burnt limeCaO2.5.3crude dolomitecalcium magnesium carbonate, CaMg(CO3)22.5.4burnt dolomiteCaMgO22.5.5electric arc furnace graphite electrodesEAF graphite electrodesnet use of EAF graphite electrodes or attrition loss2.5.6nitrogenN2inert gas separated from air at oxygen pl
47、ant, imported from outside the boundary or exported to outside the boundary2.5.7argonArinert gas separated from air at oxygen plant, imported from outside the boundary or exported to outside the boundary2.5.8oxygenO2gas separated from air at oxygen plant, imported from outside the boundary or export
48、ed to outside the boundary2.6 Energy carriers2.6.1electricityelectricity imported from outside the boundary or exported to outside the boundary2.6.2steampressurized water vapour imported from/exported to outside the boundary ISO 2013 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 14404-2:2013ISO 14404-2:2013(E)2.7 Fer
49、rous containing materials2.7.1pelletsagglomerated spherical iron ore calcinated by rotary kiln2.7.2hot metalintermediate liquid iron products containing 3 % to 5 % by mass carbon produced by smelting iron ore with equipments such as blast furnace2.7.3cold ironsolidified hot metal as an intermediate solid iron products2.7.4scrapused steel available for reprocessing2.7.5gas-based DRIdirect reduced iron (DRI) reduced by a reducing gas such as reformed natural gas2.7.6coal-based DRIdirect reduced iron (DRI) reduced by coal2.8 Alloys2.8.1ferro-nick
