1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 14592-1:2002 BS 6068-5.30:2002 Incorporating Corrigendum No. 1 Water quality Evaluation of the aerobic biodegradability of organic compounds at low concentrations Part 1: Shake-flask batch test with surface water or surface water/sediment suspensions ICS 13.060.70 BS ISO 1459
2、2-1:2002 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 24 June 2003 BSI 7 January 2004 ISBN 0 580 42135 X National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 14592-1:2002 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK par
3、ticipation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee EH/3, Water quality, to Subcommittee EH/3/5, Biological methods, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Stan
4、dards which implement international publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publicatio
5、n does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/Eu
6、ropean committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page,
7、 pages ii to v, a blank page, pages 1 to 22, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments 14860 Corrigendum No 17 January 2004 Corrected ISO pages Ref
8、erence number ISO 14592-1:2002(E)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14592-1 First edition 2002-11-15 Corrected version 2003-08-01Water quality Evaluation of the aerobic biodegradability of organic compounds at low concentrations Part 1: Shake-flask batch test with surface water or surface water/sediment sus
9、pensions Qualit de leau valuation de la biodgradabilit arobie des composs organiques prsents en faibles concentrations Partie 1: Essai en lots de flacons agits avec des eaux de surface ou des suspensions eaux de surface/sdiments BSISO145921:2002DPlcsid Fremia ihTs PDF file mc yatnoaie nmt deddebyfep
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12、izf deirp rotni.gn Evyre csah era t neebkat nesne ot eruaht tf ehili es siutlbaf esu roI yb eSO memidob rebse. It neh lnuikletneve y ttah a lborpem leratign ti ot is fnuo,d lpsaee ifnrom ttneC ehlar Secrteirata at tsserdda eh igleb nevwo. ii BSISO145921:2002 iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction
13、. v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative reference 1 3 Terms, definitions and symbols 1 4 Principle . 4 5 Reagents and media . 5 6 Apparatus. 7 7 Test environment and conditions 7 8 Procedure. 8 9 Calculation . 11 10 Validity of the test . 13 11 Test report 13 Annex A (informative) Guidance on the use of 14 C-labe
14、lled compounds . 14 Bibliography 22 BSISO145921:2002iv Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees.
15、 Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the Interna
16、tional Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Stan
17、dards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO 14592 may be
18、the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 14592-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 147, Water quality, Subcommittee SC 5, Biological methods. ISO 14592 consists of the following parts, under the general title Water qu
19、ality Evaluation of the aerobic biodegradability of organic compounds at low concentrations: Part 1: Shake-flask batch test with surface water or surface water/sediment suspensions Part 2: Continuous flow river model with attached biomass This corrected version of ISO 14592-1:2002 incorporates corre
20、ctions to the reference given in the third item of the list in 8.2.1; the reference given in the penultimate line of 8.2.1; the reference given in the last line of the second paragraph of 8.4.1. BSISO145921:2002 vIntroduction This International Standard consists of two parts. Part 1 describes a die-
21、away batch test for either surface water with or without added sediment in suspension simulating either a pelagic aquatic environment or a water-to-sediment interface. Part 2 describes a continuous flow system simulating a river with biomass attached to stationary surfaces. This test has been specif
22、ically designed to provide information on the biodegradation behaviour and kinetics of test compounds present in low concentrations, i.e. sufficiently low to ensure that they simulate the biodegradation kinetics which would be expected to occur in natural environmental systems. Before conducting thi
23、s test, it is necessary to have information on the biodegradability behaviour of the test compound at higher concentrations (e.g. in standard biodegradation tests), and, if possible, on abiotic degradability or elimination from water, as well as relevant physico-chemical data. This information is ne
24、cessary for proper experimental planning and interpretation of results. When this test method is used with a single environmental sample of surface water (either with or without the addition of sediment), a laboratory-derived first-order biodegradation rate can be estimated for one single point in t
25、ime and space. The test system may be more consistent and provide more reliable biodegradation results if it is adapted to the test compound at a specifically maintained concentration. This may be achieved using the optional semi-continuous procedural variant of the method. BSISO145921:2002 1Water q
26、uality Evaluation of the aerobic biodegradability of organic compounds at low concentrations Part 1: Shake-flask batch test with surface water or surface water/sediment suspensions WARNING AND SAFETY PRECAUTIONS Activated sludge, sewage and effluent contain potentially pathogenic organisms. Therefor
27、e appropriate precautions should be taken when handling them. Toxic and dangerous test compounds and those whose properties are unknown should be handled with care. Radiolabelled compounds, if used, should be handled respecting existing rules and legislation. 1 Scope This part of ISO 14592 specifies
28、 a test method for evaluating the biodegradability of organic test compounds by aerobic microorganisms by means of a shake-flask batch test. It is applicable to natural surface water, free from coarse particles to simulate a pelagic environment (“pelagic test”) or to surface water with suspended sed
29、iments added to obtain a level of 0,1 g/l to 1 g/l dry mass to simulate a water body with suspended sediment (“suspended sediment test”). This part of ISO 14592 is applicable to organic test compounds present in lower concentrations (normally below 100 g/l) than those of natural carbon substrates al
30、so present in the system. Under these conditions, the test compounds serve as a secondary substrate and the kinetics for biodegradation would be expected to be first order (“non-growth” kinetics). This test method is not recommended for use as proof of ultimate biodegradation which is better assesse
31、d using other standardized tests (see ISO/TR 15462). It is also not well suited to studies on metabolite formation and accumulation which require higher test concentrations. 2 Normative reference The following normative document contains provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute p
32、rovisions of this part of ISO 14592. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 14592 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the norma
33、tive documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO/TR 15462, Water quality Selection of tests for biodegradability 3 Terms, definitions and
34、 symbols 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purpose of this part of ISO 14592, the following terms and definitions apply. BSISO145921:20022 3.1.1 ultimate aerobic biodegradation breakdown of a chemical compound or organic matter by microorganisms, in the presence of oxygen, to carbon dioxide (CO 2 ),
35、 water and mineral salts of any other elements present (mineralization) and the production of new biomass NOTE Total mineralization may be different from ultimate aerobic biodegradation in that total mineralization includes secondary mineralization of biosynthesis products. The kinetics may therefor
36、e deviate from first-order kinetics in particular towards the end of the experiment. In this part of ISO 14592, primary aerobic biodegradation is determined when using substance specific analysis and total mineralization when using radiolabelled compounds. 3.1.2 primary biodegradation structural cha
37、nge (transformation) of a chemical compound by microorganisms resulting in the loss of a specific property of that compound 3.1.3 dissolved organic carbon DOC part of the organic carbon in a sample of water which cannot be removed by specified phase separation NOTE Phase separation may be obtained,
38、for example, by centrifugation of the sample of test water at 40 000 m/s 2for 15 min or by membrane-filtration using membranes with pores of 0,45 m diameter. 3.1.4 lag phase t lagtime from the start of a test until significant biodegradation (about 10 % of the maximum level) can be measured NOTE Lag
39、 phase is expressed in days (d). 3.1.5 maximum level of biodegradation degree of biodegradation of a chemical compound or organic matter in a test above which no further biodegradation takes place during the test NOTE The maximum level of biodegradation is expressed as a percentage. 3.1.6 primary su
40、bstrate major carbon and energy source which is essential for growth or maintenance of microorganisms 3.1.7 secondary substrate substrate component present at such low concentrations, that by its degradation, only insignificant amounts of carbon and energy are supplied to the competent microorganism
41、s, as compared to the carbon and energy supplied by their degradation of primary substrates 3.1.8 degradation rate constant k rate constant for first-order or pseudo first-order kinetics which indicates the rate at which degradation processes occur NOTE 1 The degradation rate constant is expressed i
42、n inverse days (d 1 ). NOTE 2 For a batch experiment, k is estimated from the initial part of the degradation curve obtained after the end of the lag phase. For a continuously operating test system, k can be estimated from a mass balance for the reactor using data collected under steady-state condit
43、ions. BSISO145921:2002 33.1.9 degradation half-life T 1/2characteristic of the rate of a first-order reaction and corresponds to the time interval necessary for the concentration to decrease by a factor of two NOTE 1 The degradation half-life is expressed in days (d). NOTE 2 The degradation half-lif
44、e and the degradation rate constant are related by the following equation: T 1/2= ln2/k NOTE 3 The degradation half-life T 1/2for first-order reactions should not be confused with the half-life time, T 50 , which is often used to describe the environmental behaviour of pesticides and which is simply
45、 the time to reach 50 % of total biodegradation. The half-life time T 50may be derived from degradation curves without making assumptions about the kinetics. 3.2 Symbols Symbol Description Units A 1)activity of the 14 C-radiolabelled test compound becquerels(Bq) A Iinorganic 14 C-activity ( 14 CO 2e
46、volved as a result of biodegradation) becquerels(Bq) A TO total organic 14 C-activity of the residual test compound, becquerels(Bq) metabolites, particulate microbial biomass and dissolved cell constituents, measured in the liquid phase after stripping off 14 CO 2 A DO dissolved organic 14 C-activit
47、y of the residual test compound, becquerels(Bq) metabolites and dissolved cell constituents, measured in the liquid phase after stripping off 14 CO 2and separation of particles by membrane filtration or centrifugation A POparticulate organic 14 C-activity of the sorbed 14 C of the test becquerels(Bq
48、) compound and particulate 14 C-biomass measured in the particulate residue after filtration or centrifugation a 2)specific activity of the test compound or of a mixture becquerels per microgram of radiolabelled and “cold” test compound (Bq/g) c 3)residual molar concentration of the test compound mi
49、cromoles per litre (mol/l) c 0initial molar concentration of the test compound micromoles per litre (mol/l) 1) A is the symbol for activity, expressed in bequerels, as specified in ISO 31-9-33:1992. 2) In accordance with ISO 31-9-34:1992, a is defined as the symbol for specific activity, expressed in bequerels per kilogram. It may be common practice sometimes to use the symbol for specific activity, but this is not in accordance with ISO 3
