1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 14681:1998 Diesel engines Fuel injection pump testing Calibrating fuel injectors ICS 43.060.40BSISO14681:1998 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Engineering SectorBoard, was published underthe authority of the Standards Board and comes intoe
2、ffect on 15 September 1998 BSI 05-1999 ISBN 0 580 30506 6 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 14681:1998 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee MCE/22, Engines for road vehicles, which ha
3、s the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in
4、the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled
5、 “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance
6、with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, theISO title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 16 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and
7、 may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBSISO14681:1998 BSI 05-1999 i Contents Page National foreword Inside front cover Foreword iii Text of ISO 14681 1ii blankBSISO1468
8、1:1998 ii BSI 05-1999 Contents Page Foreword iii Introduction 1 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Requirements 1 4 Designation 14 Annex A (informative) Bibliography 16 Figure 1 Calibrating fuel injector with single hole orifice plate 3 Figure 2 Calibrating fuel injector with delay pintle type noz
9、zle 4 Figure 3 Holder body 5 Figure 4 Adapter plate 5 Figure 5 Spring 6 Figure 6 Spring seat 6 Figure 7 Characteristic dimensions and values of the inlet stud with edge filter 7 Figure 8 Inlet stud flow measuring system 8 Figure 9 Retaining nut 9 Figure 10 Needle valve assembly 10 Figure 11 Single h
10、ole orifice plate 10 Figure 12 Distance sleeve 11 Figure 13 Flow diagram 12 Figure 14 Delay pintle type nozzle 13 Figure 15 Distance sleeve 13 Table 1 Control values of air flow at different needle lifts 11 Table 2 Tens-digit for A code 14 Table 3 Units-digit code 14BSISO14681:1998 BSI 05-1999 iii F
11、oreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a te
12、chnical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters
13、of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75% of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO 14681 was
14、prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 7, Injection equipment and filters for use on road vehicles. Annex A of this International Standard is for information only. Descriptors: Road vehicles, internal combustion engines, diesel engines, injection pumps, tests, test
15、 equipment, fuel injectors, specifications, form specifications, dimensions, designation.iv blankBSISO14681:1998 BSI 05-1999 1 Introduction Calibrating fuel injectors are intended to simulate closely the function of fuel injectors in the fuel injection system of a diesel (compression-ignition) engin
16、e. Injection pumps for emission-controlled engines require a new generation of calibrating injectors in order to comply with the higher injection pressures. The field of application is similar to those of the calibrating injectors specified in ISO 7440-1 and of the calibrating nozzle specified in IS
17、O 4010. Compared with calibrating injectors according to ISO 7440-1, the new designs show the following differences: change-over from high spring nozzle holder to low spring nozzle holder, reduction of masses, reduction of dead volumes, e.g. edge filter. Therefore, the following parts are modified:
18、nozzle holder body, nozzle retaining nut, edge filter, spring, needle valve assembly and pintle nozzle, distance sleeve. The following parts are not modified: the orifice plates with the orifice diameter range from 0,4mm to 0,8mm, the optional spray damper, the distance sleeve of the calibrating fue
19、l injector with the single hole orifice plate. 1 Scope This International Standard specifies two types of calibrating injectors intended for testing and setting diesel fuel injection pumps on test benches. It applies to a) calibrating injectors for different orifice plates, max. delivery range 400mm
20、 3 /stroke; b) calibrating injectors with pintle type nozzle, max. delivery range 200mm 3 /stroke. The field of application is similar to the calibrating injectors specified in ISO 7440-1 and to the calibrating nozzle specified in ISO 4010. Compared to the calibrating injector specified in ISO 7440-
21、1, the calibrating injectors specified in this International Standard represent an advanced stage of design which is more appropriate to modern high pressure/high performance fuel injection systems. Specification of the type of calibrating fuel injectors to be used, the appropriate single hole orifi
22、ce plate size or pintle nozzle (as applicable), high pressure pipes, exact limits, etc. is left to the manufacturer of the injection equipment and/or the manufacturer of the engine. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute pr
23、ovisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the stan
24、dards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 4010:, Diesel engines Calibrating nozzle, delay pintle type 1) . ISO 4113:1988, Road vehicles Calibration fluid for diesel injection equipment. ISO 7440-1:1991, Road vehicles Fuel injecti
25、on equipment testing Part 1: Calibrating nozzle and holder assemblies. ISO 7440-2:1991, Road vehicles Fuel injection equipment testing Part 2: Orifice plate flow-measurement. 3 Requirements 3.1 Calibrating fuel injectors 3.1.1 With single hole orifice plate The two alternative designs of the calibra
26、ting fuel injectors with the single hole orifice plate specified inFigure 11 are shown inFigure 1. 3.1.2 With delay pintle type nozzle The two alternative designs of the calibrating fuel injectors with the delay pintle type nozzle specified inFigure 14 are shown inFigure 2. 3.2 Components The calibr
27、ating fuel injectors consist of the components specified in3.2.1 to3.4.2 with their functionally critical dimensions. 1) To be published. (Revision of ISO 4010:1977)BSISO14681:1998 2 BSI 05-1999 3.2.1 Holder body The holder body may include two spill tubes: one tube for the leakage fuel passing the
28、needle valve assembly in the direction to the spring housing; another tube (optional) used with vented holder only. The holder body is shown inFigure 3. 3.2.2 Spring The spring is shown inFigure 5. It is designed for low stress in order to prevent fatigue. 3.2.3 Spring seat The spring seat, which pr
29、ovides the connection of the low situated spring with the needle, is shown inFigure 6. 3.2.4 Inlet stud with edge filter The inlet stud with edge filter is shown inFigure 7. It may be flow-tested as shown inFigure 8. The outlet of the fixture (within dotted lines) shall be ambient pressure.BSISO1468
30、1:1998 BSI 05-1999 3 Figure 1 Calibrating fuel injector with single hole orifice plateBSISO14681:1998 4 BSI 05-1999 Figure 2 Calibrating fuel injector with delay pintle type nozzleBSISO14681:1998 BSI 05-1999 5 Figure 3 Holder body Figure 4 Adapter plateBSISO14681:1998 6 BSI 05-1999 Figure 5 Spring F
31、igure 6 Spring seatBSISO14681:1998 BSI 05-1999 7 Characteristic Value Filter clearance (radial) 0,02mm to 0,031mm Filter clearance area 6 mm 2min. Flow area for three flutes seeFigure 7a) 5,2 mm 2 Internal volume 700 mm 2 20 mm 2 New filter flow at 0,3 MPa (3 bar) pressure a2800cm 3 /min to 4 600 cm
32、 3 /min Minimum flow of assembled holder body with inlet stud and edge filter at 0,3 MPa (3 bar) pressure a 2 000 cm 3 /min Minimum acceptable flow in service of the edge filter (to replace) at 0,3 MPa (3 bar) pressure a 2 500 cm 3 /min aThese tests shall be made using calibration fluid as specified
33、 in ISO 4113 at 40 1 C and the tolerance of the supply pressure shall be 0,03 MPa (0,3 bar). Figure 7 Characteristic dimensions and values of the inlet stud with edge filterBSISO14681:1998 8 BSI 05-1999 Figure 8 Inlet stud flow measuring systemBSISO14681:1998 BSI 05-1999 9 3.2.5 Retaining nut Figure
34、 9 shows the retaining nut. This nut is used for both types of calibrating injectors, the orifice plate and the delay pintle type nozzle design. The different lengths of the two types, i.e. the needle valve assembly together with the orifice plate and the delay pintle type nozzle, are covered by usi
35、ng different distance sleeves. 3.3 Special components for orifice plate design 3.3.1 Needle valve assembly Figure 10 shows the needle valve assembly. 3.3.2 Single hole orifice plate Figure 11 shows the orifice plate(s) and the corresponding high pressure flow range(s). The orifice plates are also sp
36、ecified in ISO 7440-1. Figure 9 Retaining nutBSISO14681:1998 10 BSI 05-1999 Figure 10 Needle valve assembly Orifice plate no. .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 Orifice diameter, mm 0,05 a 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 Flow, cm 3 /min min. 964 1 528 2 190 3 024 3 948 max. 1 014 1 606 2 302 3 180 4 150 a Tolerance of orifice hole
37、 is only a guide for manufacturing. Its purpose is to assist in meeting the final static flow limits specified in the table when flow-tested under the test conditions specified in ISO 7440-2. Figure 11 Single hole orifice plateBSISO14681:1998 BSI 05-1999 11 3.3.3 Distance sleeve Figure 12 shows the
38、distance sleeve, which corresponds to the orifice plate design. This distance sleeve is also specified in ISO 7440-1. 3.4 Special components for injectors with delay pintle type nozzle 3.4.1 Delay pintle type nozzle Figure 14 shows the delay pintle type nozzle. Its design is different from the desig
39、n given in ISO4010. Therefore the control values when measuring the flow characteristics should be in accordance withTable 1. A characteristic course of the air flow versus the needle lift is shown in Figure 13. The measuring device for air flow shall be according to5.1.3 of ISO 4010:. Table 1 Contr
40、ol values of air flow at different needle lifts Figure 12 Distance sleeve Needle lift Air flow Pressure below ambient pressure mm kPa 0,1 310 ml/min to 330 ml/min 80 0,57 520 ml/min to 550 ml/min 80 end of lift 282 l/h to 288 l/h 60 NOTEThe values indicated in this table are based on an ambient pres
41、sure of p a= 98 kPa (0,98 bar), an ambient air temperature of t a= + 20 C.BSISO14681:1998 12 BSI 05-1999 Figure 13 Flow diagramBSISO14681:1998 BSI 05-1999 13 Figure 14 Delay pintle type nozzle Figure 15 Distance sleeveBSISO14681:1998 14 BSI 05-1999 3.4.2 Distance sleeve Figure 15 shows the distance
42、sleeve, which is used together with the delay pintle type nozzle. 4 Designation 4.1 General The various alternatives of nozzle, nozzle holder, nozzle retaining nut and nozzle opening pressure result in many possible combinations of component content and adjustment. To facilitate concise specificatio
43、n of any particular form of calibrating fuel injector, a) required by the injection pump test schedule,or b) requiring purchase, either in whole or in part, by the operator, the range of calibrating fuel injectors shall be designated in code form as specified in4.2 and illustrated in the following e
44、xample. EXAMPLE ISO 14681 A13 207 4.2 Composition 4.2.1 First element: International Standard number The first element is the number of the International Standard which specifies the calibrating fuel injectors. In the example: ISO 14681 4.2.2 Second element: letter code In the example: A This single
45、 letter code allows extension of the present A code system if and when all the possibilities of the code tables (see4.2.3.2) are filled by new or modified orifice plates, nozzle types and/or holder bodies; then the letter “A” shall be changed to “B”, etc. This presupposes that additional “B” code ta
46、bles will be established. In the “B” system the meaning of either one of the digits may, however, retain the same meaning as in the “A” code but this shall be duplicated in the “B” code tables. 4.2.3 Third element: component content 4.2.3.1 Significance This two-digit code defines the component cont
47、ent according to the structure specified in4.2.3.2. In the example: 13 where 1 (tens-digit code) indicates delay pintle type nozzle as specified inFigure 14, 3 (units-digit code) indicates vented holder body, as specified inFigure 3 with a retaining nut, without a threaded stud, as specified inFigur
48、e 9. 4.2.3.2 Structure The logic structure of the code defining the combination of components of the various calibrating fuel injectors as specified in this International Standard is given inTable 2 for the tens and inTable 3 for the units digit. Table 2 Tens-digit for A code Table 3 Units-digit cod
49、e Code Type of nozzle or orifice plate 0 Not fitted 1 Delay pintle nozzle type (seeFigure 14) 2 * 3 * 4 Orifice plate no.: .4 5 Orifice plate no.: .5 6 Orifice plate no.: .6 7 Orifice plate no.: .7 8 Orifice plate no.: .8 9 * NOTE 1The orifice plate numbers are as defined in Figure 11. NOTE 2The codes where spaces are marked with an asterisk (*) are at present undefined and are available for future definit
