1、BS ISO14697:2007ICS 13.220.50NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDReaction-to-fire tests Guidance on thechoice of substrates forbuilding and transportproductsThis British Standardwas published under theauthority of the StandardsPolicy and StrategyComm
2、ittee on 31 July 2008 BSI 2008ISBN 978 0 580 54472 9Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS ISO 14697:2007National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 14697:2007. Itsupersedes BS ISO/TR 14697:1997 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparat
3、ion was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee FSH/21, Reaction to fire tests.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users are responsible for its correct applic
4、ation.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.BS ISO 14697:2007Reference numberISO 14697:2007(E)ISO 2007INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO14697First edition2007-07-15Reaction-to-fire tests Guidance on the choice of substrates for building and transport products Essais
5、 de raction au feu Lignes directrices sur le choix de subjectiles pour les produits du btiment et du transport BS ISO 14697:2007ISO 14697:2007(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not
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10、mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2007 All rights reservedBS ISO 14697:2007ISO 14697:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Guidance on selection of substrates 2 5 Stora
11、ge and conditioning of standard substrates 4 6 Methods of application to the substrate. 4 7 Non-standard substrates . 5 Bibliography . 6 BS ISO 14697:2007ISO 14697:2007(E) iv ISO 2007 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of na
12、tional standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. Intern
13、ational organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the
14、rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by
15、at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 14697 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/
16、TC 92, Fire safety, Subcommittee SC 1, Fire initiation and growth. This first edition of ISO 14697 cancels and replaces ISO/TR 14697:1997, which has been technically revised. BS ISO 14697:2007INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14697:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved 1Reaction-to-fire tests Guidance on th
17、e choice of substrates for building and transport products 1 Scope This International Standard gives guidance on the choice of substrates for building and transport products, when required, for use in reaction to fire tests. This International Standard is applicable to those building and transport p
18、roducts that are produced and used in combination with other materials; for example, wall-coverings are adhered to many different substrates that vary in their thickness, density, thermal conductivity and flammability characteristics. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are ind
19、ispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 1716, Reaction to fire tests for building products Determination of the heat of combust
20、ion ISO 13943, Fire safety Vocabulary 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 13943 and the following apply. 3.1 assembly fabrication of materials, products and/or composites NOTE This may include an air gap. 3.2 coating product applied as a
21、liquid or a powder to a substrate that cures or dries as an external layer on the substrate 3.3 composite combination of materials, which is recognized in building and transport vehicle construction as a discrete entity 3.4 exposed surface that surface of the product subjected to the heating conditi
22、ons of the test or fire in end use 3.5 end use method of application in an actual building or transport vehicle BS ISO 14697:2007ISO 14697:2007(E) 2 ISO 2007 All rights reserved3.6 facing thin, pre-produced sheet or film product that is applied to the substrate using an adhesive or the self-adhesive
23、 properties of the substrate or facing 3.7 material single basic substance or uniformly dispersed mixture of substances EXAMPLES Metal, stone, timber, concrete, mineral wool with dispersed binder and polymers. 3.8 product material, composite, component or assembly about which information is required
24、 3.9 spacers material with PCS equal to 0 (when tested in accordance with ISO 1716) applied in the form of strips to a substrate with PCS equal to 0 (also when tested in accordance with ISO 1716) to provide an air gap (open or closed) behind a product for testing purposes NOTE Spacers fabricated fro
25、m combustible materials may be used in specific test specimens if these are appropriate to the end-use application. 3.10 substrate product that is used (or is representative of that used) immediately beneath the product about which information is required EXAMPLE Plasterboard beneath a wall covering
26、. NOTE This definition of a substrate is different from that given in ISO 2424. For textile floor coverings, the substrate is considered to be part of the floor-covering assembly below the use surface. In the context of this fire-testing International Standard, the substrate should be chosen to repr
27、esent the type of floor on which the textile or non-textile floor covering is placed. 3.11 standard substrate product that is representative of the substrate used in end-use applications 3.12 test specimen piece of the product that is tested with or without any substrate, including any air gap or tr
28、eatment 4 Guidance on selection of substrates 4.1 In all cases, end-use substrates shall be used. The term end-use substrate shall apply not only to the product immediately beneath the surface to be tested, but also to the method of attachment that shall also be end-use in terms of the type and appl
29、ication, where appropriate. The test method defines the required test-specimen dimensions. If the product has both primary and secondary substrates in end-use practice, the test specimen shall be prepared to incorporate both substrates. The second substrate may be an air gap. For example, in the cas
30、e of paint coating on a steel plate that has an insulation substrate beneath it (as in a sandwich panel construction), the paint layer shall be tested together with the steel and the insulation. Water or another highly conductive liquid should not be used as a secondary substrate in any test method.
31、 BS ISO 14697:2007ISO 14697:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved 3This requirement for end-use testing is necessary since underlying layers of products and also various methods of attachment are known to have a profound effect on the fire performance of the surface product. The effects are more pron
32、ounced when assessing some parameters than others; for example, the choice of substrates when assessing the spread of flame performance of a product can make the difference between having the lowest or highest level of performance for the same surface material. Choice of the method of attachment can
33、 also affect performance, since partial delamination can create a significantly worse fire performance due to the insulatory air layer created between the product and the substrate. In some actual uses, the substrate can be “air,” since an air gap is formed in the construction of the lining to wall,
34、 ceiling or floor surfaces, by the use of battens, etc. If an air gap is used in practice, then this should be simulated in the preparation and testing of the specimen; see 6.2. Table 1 Standard substrates Standard substrate Density Thickness Typical values of thermal inertia PCSaCFEbQsbckg/m3mm W2s
35、/m4K2MJ/kg kW/m2MJ/m2Fibre cement board (see ISO 390) 1 800 100 6 1 9,0 104u 2,0 Calcium silicate board 870 50 11 2 9,0 104u 2,0 Gypsum plasterboardd800 100 12,5 0,5 5,8 104 W 15,0 W 3,2 Stone fibre mineral wool slabe50 20 25 5 1 103 1,0 Steel sheet 7 850 50 0,8 0,1 2,4 108Inert Inert Inert Aluminiu
36、m sheet 2 700 50 1,0 0,2 4,7 106Inert Inert Inert Particleboardf680 5,0 12 2 2,4 105 W 5,5 W 2,35 aPCS is the gross calorific potential (ISO 1716). bCFE is the critical flux at extinguishment (ISO 5658-2). cQsbis the heat for sustained burning (ISO 5658-2). dWith paper facing having a maximum weight
37、 of 220 g/m2. eMass loss less than 3 % at 550 C (see ISO 1887). fNon-fire-retarded, for internal use (see ISO 820). 4.2 As an alternative option, for non-combustible (i.e. PCS equal to 0 when tested in accordance with ISO 1716) substrates or substrates of limited combustibility (i.e. PCS 1,0 MJ/kg w
38、hen tested in accordance with ISO 1716), the following standard substrates shall be used to represent end-use substrates having a density (or thickness) that is equal to or more than the nominal value of the density (or thickness) of the standard substrate; see Table 1. NOTE The PCS criteria that ar
39、e given in Clause 4 are those that are specified in EN 13501-1. The substrates have very little contribution to the fire itself in terms of combustibility, but all affect the fire characteristics of the surface product due to their different thermal inertia. Gypsum plasterboard has been included des
40、pite its similar density to calcium silicate board due to its different fire performance properties and the differences exhibited by various surfaces, particularly in terms of spread of flame when tested using the two different substrates. The standard steel substrate is representative only of metal
41、 substrates in end use with a melting point equal to or greater than 1 000 C, independent of thickness and density. BS ISO 14697:2007ISO 14697:2007(E) 4 ISO 2007 All rights reservedThe standard aluminium substrate is representative only of metal substrates in end use of a greater thickness and densi
42、ty. Where a standard combustible substrate is required, the recommended standard substrate shall be used to represent end-use substrates that have a density that is equal to or more than the density of the standard substrate. 4.3 Standard substrates shall be used to assess surface coatings (e.g. pai
43、nt) but where a product in its end-use form provides a multilayer (i.e. surface, adhesive and substrate), end-use substrates and methods of attachment shall be used; see Clause 5). A study1on a number of standard substrates has been conducted, which provides a theoretical and practical understanding
44、 of the problem of substrate selection. It concludes that the outcome of the test shall reflect the fire behaviour of the real product in practical applications. Therefore, the substrate of the test specimens shall be as representative of the common use as possible. The report goes on to identify ar
45、eas where substrates have no effect on the results and these are mainly where the testing time is short or the specimen is relatively thick. 4.4 Where the substrates used in practice are combustible, the material shall be tested together with its end-use substrate and method of attachment. 5 Storage
46、 and conditioning of standard substrates Standard substrates shall be stored in a conditioning atmosphere at a temperature of (23 2) C and a relative humidity of (50 5) % (ISO 554) until constant mass is achieved, at which time they are ready for use. Constant mass is considered to be attained when
47、two successive weighing operations, carried out at an interval of 24 h, do not differ by more than 0,1 % of the mass of the specimen or 0,1 g, whichever is the greater. 6 Methods of application to the substrate 6.1 Methods of attachment Wherever possible, the method of attachment in end-use practice
48、 shall be reproduced in the preparation of the specimen for test; i.e. end-use adhesive and end-use quantities, etc. If the order in which the attachments are mounted is known, this shall also be reproduced in the test specimen. For example, if the adhesive is applied to the substrate and not to the
49、 surface product in practice, then it shall be applied to the substrate during test specimen preparation. The time for curing and drying shall be the same as or greater than that used in end-use practice. In some instances, with certain methods of attachment or due to the size of the test specimen (e.g. for ISO 5660-1, where the specimen size is 100 mm 100 mm square), it might not be possible to fix it as in practice, (e.g. if the product in this case is nailed). The test spe
