1、 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 15227:2000 ICS 37.
2、020 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Optics and optical instruments Microscopes Testing of stereomicroscopesThis British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Sector Committee for Materials and Chemicals, was published under the authority of
3、the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 June 2000 BSI 06-2000 ISBN 0 580 34962 4 BS ISO 15227:2000 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 15227:2000 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK p
4、articipation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee LBI/33, Microscopes, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK i
5、nterests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international publications referred to i
6、n this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract.
7、 Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 9 and
8、 a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.Referencenumber ISO15227:2000(E) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15227 Firstedition 2000-04-01 Opticsandopticalinstruments MicroscopesTestingof stereomicroscopes Optique et instruments doptique
9、Microscopes Essai des stromicroscopesISO15227:2000(E) ii ISO15227:2000(E)iii Contents Page Foreword.iv 1 Scope1 2 Normativereferences1 3 Termsanddefinitions.1 4 Accuracyoftesting1 5 Testconditions1 5.1 Totalvisualmagnification(M TOTVIS ).1 5.2 Differenceintotalvisualmagnificationbetweenleftandrighto
10、pticalsystems2 5.3 Differenceinaxesbetweenleftandrightopticalsystems2 5.4 Differenceinthecentresoftheimagefieldsbetweenleftandrightopticalsystems2 5.5 Differenceinimagingrotationsbetweenrightandleftimages2 5.6 Axialshiftofobjectplanebymagnificationchange2 5.7 Lateralshiftofimageplanebymagnificationc
11、hange.2 5.8 Focusdifferencebetweenleftandrightopticalsystems2 5.9 Resolutionforthehighestmagnificationatthecentreofthefield2 5.10 Differenceinexitpupilheightsbetweenleftandrightopticalsystems2 5.11 Minimumrangeforinterpupillarydistance.2 5.12 Calibrationerrorifadioptrescaleisused2 5.13 Minimumeyepie
12、cedioptreadjustmentrange.2 6 Testmethods3 6.1 Apparatus.3 6.2 Apparatusconfiguration.4 6.3 Testprocedures.4 Bibliography9ISO15227:2000(E) iv Foreword ISO(theInternationalOrganizationforStandardization)isaworldwidefederationofnationalstandardsbodies(ISO memberbodies).TheworkofpreparingInternationalSt
13、andardsisnormallycarriedoutthroughISOtechnical committees.Eachmemberbodyinterestedinasubjectforwhichatechnicalcommitteehasbeenestablishedhas therighttoberepresentedonthatcommittee.Internationalorganizations,governmentalandnon-governmental,in liaisonwithISO,alsotakepartinthework.ISOcollaboratesclosel
14、ywiththeInternationalElectrotechnical Commission(IEC)onallmattersofelectrotechnicalstandardization. InternationalStandardsaredraftedinaccordancewiththerulesgivenintheISO/IECDirectives,Part3. DraftInternationalStandardsadoptedbythetechnicalcommitteesarecirculatedtothememberbodiesforvoting. Publicatio
15、nasanInternationalStandardrequiresapprovalbyatleast75%ofthememberbodiescastingavote. AttentionisdrawntothepossibilitythatsomeoftheelementsofthisInternationalStandardmaybethesubjectof patentrights.ISOshallnotbeheldresponsibleforidentifyinganyorallsuchpatentrights. InternationalStandardISO15227wasprep
16、aredbyTechnicalCommitteeISO/TC172, Optics and optical instruments, Subcommittee SC 5, Microscopes and endoscopes.INTERNATIONALSTANDARD ISO15227:2000(E)1 OpticsandopticalinstrumentsMicroscopesTestingof stereomicroscopes 1 Scope ThisInternationalStandardspecifiestestconditionsandrecommendedtestmethods
17、toensuretheminimum requirementsforstereomicroscopes.TheseminimumrequirementsaregiveninISO10936-1,ISO11884-1and ISO11884-2. ThetestmethodsspecifiedinthisInternationalStandardarerecommended,butuseofothertestmethodsis permittedifthesameresultsareobtained. 2 Normativereferences Thefollowingnormativedocu
18、mentscontainprovisionswhich,throughreferenceinthistext,constituteprovisionsof thisInternationalStandard.Fordatedreferences,subsequentamendmentsto,orrevisionsof,anyofthese publicationsdonotapply.However,partiestoagreementsbasedonthisInternationalStandardareencouragedto investigatethepossibilityofappl
19、yingthemostrecenteditionsofthenormativedocumentsindicatedbelow.For undatedreferences,thelatesteditionofthenormativedocumentreferredtoapplies.MembersofISOandIEC maintainregistersofcurrentlyvalidInternationalStandards. ISO10934-1, Optics and optical instruments Vocabulary for microscopy Part 1: Light
20、microscopy. ISO/CIE10526, CIE standard illuminants for colorimetry. 3 Termsanddefinitions ForthepurposesofthisInternationalStandard,thetermsanddefinitionsgiveninISO10934-1apply. 4 Accuracyoftesting Testingshallbeperformedwithanaccuracybetterthan10%ofthevaluetobedetermined.Measurementsshall becarried
21、outaccordingtogeneralrulesofstatisticalevaluation. NOTE TheaccuracyofmeasurementmethodsandresultsbasedonstatisticalevaluationisdescribedintheISO5725 series. 5 Testconditions 5.1 Totalvisualmagnification(M TOTVIS ) Thetotalvisualmagnificationshallbemeasuredatthehighestmagnification(M max )andthelowes
22、tmagnification (M min )onaverticalcentreline.ISO15227:2000(E) 2 5.2 Differenceintotalvisualmagnificationbetweenleftandrightopticalsystems ThedifferenceshallbemeasuredatmagnificationsM max andM min onaverticalcentreline. 5.3 Differenceinaxesbetweenleftandrightopticalsystems Themaximumdifferenceshallb
23、emeasuredatmagnificationsM max andM min ,eachataninterpupillarydistance (IPD)of65mm. 5.4 Differenceinthecentresoftheimagefieldsbetweenleftandrightopticalsystems ThedifferenceshallbemeasuredatmagnificationsM max andM min eachatanIPDof65mm. 5.5 Differenceinimagingrotationsbetweenrightandleftimages The
24、differenceshallbemeasuredatIPDsof55mmand75mm. 5.6 Axialshiftofobjectplanebymagnificationchange ThemaximumshiftshallbemeasuredduringthemagnificationchangeofthestereomicroscopebetweenM max and M min . 5.7 Lateralshiftofimageplanebymagnificationchange Themaximumshiftshallbemeasuredduringthemagnificatio
25、nchangeofthestereomicroscopebetweenM max and M min . 5.8 Focusdifferencebetweenleftandrightopticalsystems ThedifferenceshallbemeasuredatmagnificationsM max andM min at0Donthedioptrescale. 5.9 Resolutionforthehighestmagnificationatthecentreofthefield Checktheresolutionchartunderilluminationwiththesta
26、ndardilluminanttypeAaccordingtoISO/CIE10526having anumericalaperturelargerthanthatoftheobjectiveofthestereomicroscope. 5.10Differenceinexitpupilheightsbetweenleftandrightopticalsystems Thedistanceshallbemeasuredat0DonthedioptrescaleandanIPDof65mm. 5.11Minimumrangeforinterpupillarydistance Therangesh
27、allbemeasuredattheexitpupilsoftheeyepiecessetat0Donthedioptrescale. 5.12Calibrationerrorifadioptrescaleisused TheerrorshallbemeasuredatanIPDof65mm. 5.13Minimumeyepiecedioptreadjustmentrange TherangeshallbemeasuredatanIPDof65mm.ISO15227:2000(E)3 6 Testmethods 6.1 Apparatus 6.1.1 Doubletelescope(seeFi
28、gure1). Twotelescopesaremechanicallycombinedwiththedistanceandconvergentanglebetweenthemeither adjustableorfixedtothevaluespecifiedbythemanufacturer,whilebothopticalaxesremainontheplane. Graticuleswithcross-lines,micrometerscalesandgoniometerscalesarefittedintheintermediateplanesofthe telescopes. 6.
29、1.2 Dioptrictester,placedonthetopsurfaceoftheeyepiece. 6.1.3 Centringtelescope,placedinplaceoftheeyepieceofthetelescope,forcentringtheexitpupilofthe stereomicroscope. Key 1 Eyepieces 2 Intermediateimageplanes 3 Objectives(f OT ) 4 Eyepieces(f OC ) 5 Primaryimageplanes 6 Erectingprisms 7 Objectives 8
30、 Objectplane 9 Doubletelescopewithmagnificationbetween2 and4 10Stereomicroscopetobetested Figure1ApparatusconfigurationwithadoubletelescopeISO15227:2000(E) 4 6.1.4 Testobject,placedintheobjectplaneofthestereomicroscopetobetestedandusedinaseparateor combinedformofthefollowingtestobjects: a) cross-lin
31、es; b) circularline; c) goniometerscale; d) resolutionchart. 6.1.5 Graticules,placedeitherontheprimaryimageplanesofthestereomicroscopeorontheimageplanesof thedoubletelescope(6.1.1)andusedinaseparateorcombinedformofthefollowinggraticules: a) cross-lines; b) circularline; c) micrometerscale; d) goniom
32、eterscale. 6.2 Apparatusconfiguration Forthecaseswherethedoubletelescope(see6.1.1andFigure1)isused(6.3.1through6.3.3,and6.3.5),that isfixedtothestereomicroscopetoconformtothespecificationsofthestereomicroscope,and10 eyepieces arefocusedatthe0Dposition.Fortheothercases(6.3.4,and6.3.6through6.3.13),th
33、edioptreadjustmentis madeaccordingtotheinstructionsintheusermanual. 6.3 Testprocedures 6.3.1 Totalvisualmagnification(M TOTVIS ) a) Placeamicrometerscaleasthetestobjectatthecentreoftheobjectplane. b) Readtheimagesizey“ofadistanceyintheobjectplanewiththemicrometerscaleplacedintheintermediate planeofe
34、achtelescope. c) Calculatethetotalvisualmagnificationusingthefollowingequation: M y fy TOTVIS OT 250 (1) wheref OT isthefocallength,expressedinmillimetres,oftheobjectiveofthetelescope. 6.3.2 Differenceintotalvisualmagnificationbetweenleftandrightopticalsystems a) Placeamicrometerscaleasthetestobject
35、atthecentreoftheobjectplane. b) Readthesizey“ R andy“ L ofadistanceyintheobjectplanewiththemicrometerscaleplacedinthe intermediateplaneoftherightandlefttelescopesrespectively.ISO15227:2000(E)5 c) Calculatethedifference,expressedasapercentage,betweenrightandlefttotalvisualmagnificationsM TOTVISR andM
36、 TOTVISL usingthefollowingequation: M yy yy TOTVIS RL RL % 200 “ “ (2) where M TOTVIS isthedifferencebetweenM TOTVISR andM TOTVISL . 6.3.3 Differenceinaxesbetweenleftandrightopticalsystems 6.3.3.1 Verticalandhorizontaldifferencesinaxesbetweenleftandrightopticalsystems Thistestshouldbeappliedonlyifth
37、emechanicalaxesoftheeyepiecesareparalleltoeachotherduetodesign. a) Settheopticalaxesofthedoubletelescopeparalleltoeachother. b) Placethecross-linesasthetestobjectandfocusthem,usingthefocusingdriveofthestereomicroscope. c) Centrethecross-linesofthetestplatetothecross-linesintheprimaryimageplane. d) C
38、entretheleftrighttelescopetotheexitpupiloftheleftrightbeampathofthestereomicroscopeusingthe centringtelescope(6.1.3). e) Adjustthehorizontal(x-)andvertical(y-)directionsofthedoubletelescopesuntilthecross-linesintheleft righttelescopearecentredontheimageofthetestplate. f) Centretherightlefttelescopet
39、otheexitpupiloftherightleftbeampathofthestereomicroscopeusingthe centringtelescope. g) Adjustthedirectionoftherightlefttelescopeuntilthex-lineofthecross-linesinthetelescopegoesthrough thecentreoftheimageofthetestobject. h) Readthehorizontaldifference x“betweenthey-lineofthetelescopegraticuleandthece
40、ntreoftheimageof thetestplatewiththemicrometerscaleintherightlefttelescope. i) Calculatethehorizontaldifferenceinaxes x betweentheleftandrightopticalsystemsusingthefollowing equation. x arctan OT x f (3) where x“isthehorizontaldifferencemeasuredindivergentdirectionswiththetelescopegraticule(6.1.5).
41、j)Adjustthedirectionoftherightlefttelescopeuntilthey-lineofthecross-linesinthetelescopegoesthrough thecentreoftheimageofthetestobject. k)Readtheverticaldifference y“betweenthex-lineofthetelescopegraticuleandthecentreoftheimageof thetestobjectwiththemicrometerscaleintherightlefttelescope. l)Calculate
42、theverticaldifferenceinaxes y betweentheleftandrightopticalsystemsusingthefollowing equation. y arctan OT y f (4) where y“istheverticaldifferencemeasuredwiththetelescopegraticule.ISO15227:2000(E) 6 6.3.3.2 Verticaldifferenceoftheprimaryimagesbetweenrightandleftopticalsystems Thistestshouldbeappliedo
43、nlyifthemechanicalaxesoftheeyepiecesarenotparalleltoeachotherduetothe design. a) Placethecross-linesasthetestobjectandfocusthembytheuseofthefocusingdriveofthe stereomicroscope. b) Centrethecross-linesofthetestplatetothecross-linesintheprimaryimageplane. c) Centretheleftrighttelescopetotheexitpupilof
44、theleftrightbeampathofthestereomicroscopebyusing centringtelescope. d) Adjustthehorizontal(x-)andvertical(y-)directionsofthedoubletelescopesuntilthecross-linesintheleft righttelescopearecentredtotheimageofthetestplate. e) Centretherightlefttelescopetotheexitpupiloftherightleftbeampathofthestereomicr
45、oscopebyusing centringtelescope. f) Adjustthedirectionoftherightlefttelescopeuntilthey-lineofthecross-linesinthetelescopegoesthrough thecentreoftheimageofthetestobject,byvaryingtheconvergentangleofthedoubletelescope. g) Readtheverticaldifference y“betweenthex-lineofthetelescopegraticuleandthecentreo
46、ftheimageofthe testobjectwithmicrometerscaleintherightlefttelescope. h) Calculatetheverticaldifferenceinaxes y betweentheleftandrightopticalsystemsusingthefollowing equation. y arctan OT y f (5) where y“istheverticaldifferencemeasuredwiththetelescopegraticule. 6.3.4 Differenceinthecentresoftheimagef
47、ieldbetweenleftandrightopticalsystems a) Placethecross-lineswithmicrometerscalesasatestobject. b) Centrethecross-linestothecentreofthefielddiaphragmoftheeyepieceintheleftrightbeampathofthe stereomicroscope. c) Readthedifferenceinthecentresoftheimagefieldasthehorizontalandverticaldeviations xand yoft
48、he centreofthecross-linesfromthecentreofthefielddiaphragmoftheeyepieceintherightleftbeampathof thestereomicroscope. 6.3.5 Differenceinimagingrotationsbetweenrightandleftimages a) Alignthegoniometerscalesplacedattheintermediateplanesofthetelescopesinthehorizontaldirection. b) Placethecross-linesasthe
49、testobject. c) Alignthecross-linestothegoniometerscaleofthetelescopeintheleftrightbeampathofthe stereomicroscope. d) Readtheangleoftheimageofthecross-lineswiththegoniometerscaleofthetelescopeintherightleft beampathofthestereomicroscope.ISO15227:2000(E)7 6.3.6 Axialshiftofobjectplanebymagnificationchange a) Placethecross-linesasthetestobjectandfocusitatM max usingthefocusingdriveofthestereomicroscope. b) Changethemagnificationandfindthepositionofthefocusingdrivewher
