1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 15663-3:2001 Petroleum and natural gas industries Life cycle costing Part 3: Implementation guidelines ICS 75.180 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBS ISO 15663-3:2001 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the E
2、ngineering Sector Policy and Strategy Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 12 September 2001 BSI 12 September 2001 ISBN 0 580 38430 6 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 15663-3:2001 and implements it as the UK nat
3、ional standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PSE/17, Petroleum and natural gas industries, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British
4、Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British St
5、andard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the
6、responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside fron
7、t cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to vii, a blank page, pages 1 to 31 and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsINTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15663-3 First edition 2001-0
8、8-15 Reference number ISO 15663-3:2001(E) OSI 2001 Petroleum and natural gas industries Life-cycle costing Part 3: Implementation guidelines Industries du ptrole et du gaz naturel Estimation des cots globaux de production et de traitement Partie 3: Lignes directrices sur la mise en oeuvreii ISO 1566
9、3-3:2001(E) iii Contents Page 1 Scope . 1 2 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 1 3 Life-cycle costing within the asset life-cycle . 3 3.1 General 3 3.2 Concept selection 3 3.3 Outline design/FEED . 5 3.4 Detailed design 6 3.5 Construction, hook-up and commissioning 7 3.6 Operation and mainte
10、nance 8 3.7 Disposal . 9 4 Common implementation issues 9 4.1 Summary . 9 4.2 The life-cycle costing coordinator 10 4.3 Training and competence 12 4.4 Preparation of a common and consistent source of data and assumptions 12 4.5 The contract . 13 4.6 Data and uncertainty/new technology . 16 5 The ope
11、rator perspective 16 5.1 General 16 5.2 Commitment to life-cycle costing . 17 5.3 Life-cycle costing A focal point 18 5.4 Risk 20 5.5 The contractual framework 20 6 The contractor perspective . 21 6.1 General 21 6.2 Developing and organizing a capability . 22 6.3 Risk A contractual perspective 22 7
12、The vendor perspective 23 7.1 General 23 7.2 The application of life-cycle costing for the vendor 23 7.3 Profitability potential for vendors 25 7.4 Communication 26 7.5 Contracts . 28 7.6 Internal competence 29 Bibliography. 31ISO 15663-3:2001(E) iv Foreword ISO (the International Organization for S
13、tandardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the ri
14、ght to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Internationa
15、l Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bo
16、dies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO 15663 may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard ISO 15663-3 was prepared by Technical Committee
17、ISO/TC 67, Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum and natural gas industries. ISO 15663 consists of the following parts, under the general title Petroleum and natural gas industries Life-cycle costing: Part 1: Methodology Part 2: Guidance on application of methodology and calcula
18、tion methods Part 3: Implementation guidelinesISO 15663-3:2001(E) v Introduction The principle objective of ISO 15663 is to speed up the adoption of a common and consistent approach to life-cycle costing within the oil industry. This will happen faster and more effectively if a common approach is ag
19、reed internationally. Life-cycle costing is the systematic consideration of all relevant costs and revenues associated with the acquisition and ownership of an asset. It is an iterative process of estimating, planning and monitoring costs and revenues throughout an assets life. It is used to support
20、 the decision making process by evaluating alternative options and performing trade-off studies. While it is normally used in the early project stages evaluating major procurement options, it is equally applicable to all stages of the life-cycle, and at many levels of detail. This part of ISO 15663
21、has been produced to provide guidance on practical steps that can be taken to introduce the organizational and functional aspects of life-cycle costing into the offshore oil and gas business. It focuses on the implementation issues identified by the industry, both those common to all and those speci
22、fic to each participant. Key issues addressed are life-cycle costing within the organization: how it should be organized, coordinated and managed; the contract: the procedural elements of incorporating life-cycle costing within pre-qualification, tender and responses; risk and uncertainty: primarily
23、 viewed from the contractual standpoint within risk sharing or risk transfer frameworks (such as alliances); communication: across the supplier chain (operator contractor vendor), how it can be achieved and configuration control or an audit trail maintained. Experience has demonstrated that for the
24、operator, life-cycle costing integrates readily with existing appraisal techniques, can quantify and optimize costs and revenues over the total life of a field development, thereby reducing uncertainty, for the contractor, life-cycle costing provides techniques to support the extension of his role i
25、nto areas such as maintenance management, integrated service provision, engineering services contracts and life-cycle costing consultancy, for the vendor, life-cycle costing provides a common and consistent basis for demonstrating improved service and quality, thereby extending his role beyond techn
26、ical compliance and lowest price. There are opportunities and challenges for all parties within the oil production industry to benefit from the introduction and use of life-cycle costing techniques. The aim of this part of ISO 15663 is to provide practical guidance to operators, contractors and vend
27、ors in the introduction and role of life-cycle costing techniques. It seeks to address the issues associated with life-cycle costing within evolving industry custom and practice. This is illustrated in Figure 1 which shows the evolving situation.ISO 15663-3:2001(E) vi From Figure 1 it can be seen th
28、at vendors are often involved in early project stages such as FEED, during which they can add value in the area of system design, contractors and vendors are playing an increasing role in conceptual design and operations support. For a life-cycle costing implementation strategy, two key components e
29、merge. These are the interface issues (the relationships between participants at the boundaries) and the internal business processes required to support the management and presentation of the information flowing across the interfaces. In practical terms, these translate into the need for a non-presc
30、riptive life-cycle costing implementation strategy that provides a basic framework to assist in the development and introduction of an engineering and design strategy and support strategy at all levels, together with its translation into a contract. It should be noted that, whilst the provision of p
31、lant and equipment which has been optimized for whole life cost (WLC) performance may require its selling price to be increased, the integration of WLC/life-cycle costing principles into an equipment manufacturers business should enable this optimum performance to be achieved without a significant i
32、ncrease in selling prices. Equipment vendors and purchasers therefore need to work towards ensuring that wherever possible value, and not price, is increased by the life-cycle costing process. This part of ISO 15663 is structured into the following sections: the project or field life-cycle; implemen
33、tation issues specific to the different phases of the life-cycle. common issues; a variety of concerns common to all participants, the key one being the need for a focal point, or coordinator, within each organization. the operator; the contractor; the vendor. The three last-mentioned sections addre
34、ssing the implementation issues are considered important to each participant. Figure 1 The traditional role of participants is evolving and becoming less distinctISO 15663-3:2001(E) vii Recognizing that there are cultural and procedural differences across different companies in the industry, this pa
35、rt of ISO 15663 does not set out to be prescriptive, but to isolate and amplify the issues under a series of headings. The guiding principle is that the life-cycle costing discipline does not stand in isolation, but should be integrated within existing support functions to extend their capability.bl
36、ankINTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15663-3:2001(E) 1 Petroleum and natural gas industries Life-cycle costing Part 3: Implementation guidelines 1 Scope This part of ISO 15663 provides guidelines for the implementation of life-cycle costing for the development and operation of the facilities for drilling,
37、production and pipeline transportation within the petroleum and natural gas industries. This part of ISO 15663 is applicable when making decisions on any option which has cost implications for more than one cost element or project phase. The process can be applied to a wide range of options, particu
38、larly when decisions are being considered on the following: the process concept; equipment location; project execution strategies; health, safety and environment; system concept and sizing; equipment type; equipment configuration; l a y o u t ; maintenance and logistic support strategies; manning st
39、rategy; manning levels; operation strategies; facility modifications; spares and support strategy; reuse and/or disposal. This part of ISO 15663 is applicable to all project decisions, but the extent of planning and management of the process will depend on the magnitude of the costs involved and the
40、 potential value that can be created. The guidelines will be of value when decisions are taken relating to new investments in projects or during normal operation to optimize revenue. 2 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms For the purposes of this part of ISO 15663, the following terms, definitio
41、ns and abbreviated terms apply. 2.1 Terms and definitions 2.1.1 benefit creation of a capital asset, earning of revenue or improvement of a project environmentISO 15663-3:2001(E) 2 2.1.2 budget estimate approved by management or the client as the cost control mechanism for a project 2.1.3 capital ex
42、penditure money used to purchase, install and commission a capital asset 2.1.4 constraint limit imposed externally or internally by the project which rules out the selection of an option if it is exceeded 2.1.5 cost breakdown structure structure which relates to the methods that an organization will
43、 employ to record and report costs 2.1.6 cost driver major cost element which, if changed, will have a major impact on the life-cycle cost of an option 2.1.7 cost element identifiable part of the life-cycle cost of an option which can be attributed to an activity 2.1.8 life-cycle cycle which compris
44、es all development stages, from commencement of the study up to and including disposal of an item of equipment or function 2.1.9 life-cycle cost discounted cumulative total of all costs incurred by a specified function or item of equipment over its life-cycle 2.1.10 life-cycle costing process of eva
45、luating the difference between the life-cycle costs of two or more alternative options 2.1.11 net present value sum of the total discounted costs and revenues 2.1.12 operating expenditure money used to operate and maintain, including associated costs such as logistics and spares 2.1.13 sensitivity a
46、nalysis process of testing the outcome of a life-cycle costing so as to establish if the final conclusion is sensitive to changes in assumptions 2.2 Abbreviated terms CAPEX capital expenditure EPIC engineer, procure, install and commission FEED front-end engineering design FMEA failure mode and effe
47、cts analysisISO 15663-3:2001(E) 3 FMECA failure mode, effects and criticality analysis NPV net present value OPEX operating expenditure OREDA offshore reliability database RCM reliability centred maintenance WLC whole life cost 3 Life-cycle costing within the asset life-cycle 3.1 General The primary
48、 purpose of life-cycle costing is to assist in the delivery of the highest possible added value, i.e. profit, within a field development or project. It achieves this by extending profit improvement opportunities through a process of progressive optimization. The greatest benefit is realized when lif
49、e-cycle costing is integrated across the entire life-cycle. While the life-cycle costing principles are identical across all phases, the organization in each phase differs in terms of the actions that need to be taken; the contribution each participant can make. Figure 2 shows the “standard” field or project life-cycle together with some of the technical decisions taken at each stage, which may be the subject of life-cycle cost studies. The technical processes in Figure 2 apply to both th
