1、Photography Electronic still-picture imaging Noise measurementsBS ISO 15739:2017BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06 ISO 2017Photography Electronic still-picture imaging Noise measurementsPhotographie Imagerie des prises de vue lectroniques Mesurages du b
2、ruitINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO15739Third edition2017-05Reference numberISO 15739:2017(E)National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 15739:2017. It supersedes BS ISO 15739:2013, which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee C
3、PW/42, Photography.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2017 Publ
4、ished by BSI Standards Limited 2017ISBN 978 0 580 96007 9ICS 37.040.99Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2017.Amendments/corrigenda issued
5、since publicationDate Text affected BRITISH STANDARDBS ISO 15739:2017 ISO 2017Photography Electronic still-picture imaging Noise measurementsPhotographie Imagerie des prises de vue lectroniques Mesurages du bruitINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO15739Third edition2017-05Reference numberISO 15739:2017(E)BS IS
6、O 15739:2017ISO 15739:2017(E)ii ISO 2017 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2017, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, inclu
7、ding photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel.
8、+41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 15739:2017ISO 15739:2017(E)ii ISO 2017 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2017, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized ot
9、herwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright offic
10、eCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgISO 15739:2017(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Test conditions . 34.1 General . 34.2 Illumination . 34.2.1 Cha
11、racteristics . 34.2.2 Daylight illumination 34.2.3 Tungsten illumination . 34.2.4 Uniformity of illumination and reflection test chart illumination geometry 44.2.5 Light source amplitude variations 44.3 Temperature and relative humidity 44.4 White balance. 44.5 Infrared (IR) blocking filter 44.6 Pho
12、tosite integration time 44.7 Colour noise weighting 44.8 Compression . 55 Noise measurement procedures 55.1 General . 55.1.1 Uniform field noise measurement methods . 55.1.2 Test densities 55.1.3 Adjustment of illumination, test density placement and camera lens focus 65.2 Measurement of a DSC havin
13、g a removable lens . 65.3 Measurement of a DSC having manual exposure control . 75.4 Measurement of a DSC using a test chart . 76 Calculation and reporting of results 96.1 General . 96.2 Signal-to-noise ratios large area . 96.3 DSC dynamic range . 12Annex A (normative) Noise component analysis 14Ann
14、ex B (normative) Visual noise measurements 18Annex C (informative) Removing low frequency variations from the image data .27Annex D (informative) Procedure for determining signal-to-noise ratio .29Annex E (informative) Practical viewing conditions for various output media .30Bibliography .31 ISO 201
15、7 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 15739:2017ISO 15739:2017(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO techn
16、ical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
17、with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria need
18、ed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of paten
19、t rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).Any trade name use
20、d in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the
21、World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www .iso .org/ iso/ foreword .html.This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 42, Photography.This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 15739:2013), of which
22、it constitutes a minor revision with the addition of IEC 61966-21:1999 to Clause 2 and changes in Annex B.iv ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS ISO 15739:2017ISO 15739:2017(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO memb
23、er bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, government
24、al and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance a
25、re described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).Attention
26、 is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and
27、/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms an
28、d expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www .iso .org/ iso/ foreword .html.This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 42,
29、 Photography.This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 15739:2013), of which it constitutes a minor revision with the addition of IEC 61966-21:1999 to Clause 2 and changes in Annex B.iv ISO 2017 All rights reserved ISO 15739:2017(E)IntroductionNoise is an important attribute of
30、 electronic photographic systems. Camera noise measurements described in this document are performed in the digital domain, using digital analysis techniques. Since the noise performance of an image sensor may vary significantly with exposure time and operating temperature, these operating condition
31、s are specified. The visibility of noise to human observers depends on the magnitude of the noise, the apparent tone of the area containing the noise and the spatial frequency of the noise. The magnitude of the noise present in an output representation depends on the noise present in the stored imag
32、e data and the contrast amplification or gain applied to the data in producing the output. The noise visibility is different for the luminance (or monochrome) channel and the colour (or colour difference) channels. Therefore, this document accounts for these factors in measuring and reporting the ca
33、mera noise measurements. Annex A specifies the method for determining the components of the digital camera noise from a number of samples. The perceptibility of noise in an image can vary depending on the viewing distance, spatial frequency, density, colour and viewing conditions. Annex B describes
34、a procedure for measuring the visual noise level using a human visual model as a method for weighting the spectral components of the noise. A method for removing low frequency variations in the patch data resulting, for example, from luminance shading is given in Annex C. A recommended step-by-step
35、procedure for determining the signal-to-noise ratio and incremental gain is provided in Annex D. In Annex E, recommendations for practical viewing conditions for various output media are given. ISO 2017 All rights reserved vBS ISO 15739:2017BS ISO 15739:2017Photography Electronic still-picture imagi
36、ng Noise measurements1 ScopeThis document specifies methods for measuring and reporting the noise versus signal level and dynamic range of digital still cameras. It applies to both monochrome and colour electronic digital still cameras.2 Normative referencesThe following documents are referred to in
37、 the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 554, Standard atmospheres for condit
38、ioning and/or testing SpecificationsISO 7589:2002, Photography Illuminants for sensitometry Specifications for daylight, incandescent tungsten and printerISO 12232:2006, Photography Digital still cameras Determination of exposure index, ISO speed ratings, standard output sensitivity, and recommended
39、 exposure indexISO 14524:2009, Photography Electronic still-picture cameras Methods for measuring opto-electronic conversion functions (OECFs)ITU-R BT.709-5, Parameter values for the HDTV Standards for production and International programme exchangeIEC 61966-21:1999, Multimedia systems and equipment
40、 Colour measurement and management Part 2-1: Colour management Default RGB colour space sRGB3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Ele
41、ctropedia: available at h t t p :/ www .electropedia .org/ ISO Online browsing platform: available at h t t p :/ www .iso .org/ obp3.1camera opto-electronic conversion functioncamera OECFrelationship between the input scene log luminances and the pixel values for an opto-electronic digital capture s
42、ystemNote 1 to entry: The unit of measurement for this function are log10cd/m2.3.2clipping valuepixel value that remains constant for further increases in exposure (highlight clipping value) or for further decreases in exposure (dark clipping value)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15739:2017(E) ISO 2017 A
43、ll rights reserved 1BS ISO 15739:2017ISO 15739:2017(E)3.3digital still cameraDSCcamera that produces a digital still image from the digitized output of a solid-state photo sensor and records the digital still image using a digital memory, such as a removable memory card3.4image sensorelectronic devi
44、ce which converts incident electromagnetic radiation into an electronic signalNote 1 to entry: A charge coupled device (CCD) array is an example of an image sensor.3.5incremental gain functionincremental gainchange in the pixel values of the DSC divided by the change in the exposure valuesNote 1 to
45、entry: For the determination of incremental gain values, log input values are not used.Note 2 to entry: If the input exposure points are very finely spaced and the output noise is small compared to the quantization interval, the incremental gain function can have a jagged shape. Such behaviour is an
46、 artefact of the quantization process and is removed by using an appropriate smoothing algorithm, or by fitting a smooth curve to the data. In some cases, it may be desirable to fit a curve to the input-output data and then determine the incremental gain function by taking the first derivative of th
47、e function used for the curve fit.3.6incremental output signalexposure level multiplied by the incremental gain at that particular exposure level3.7incremental signal-to-noise ratioratio of the incremental output signal to the root mean square (rms) noise level, at a particular signal levelNote 1 to
48、 entry: This is typically expressed as a graph or table showing the incremental signal-to-noise ratio versus input signal level for the full range of input signal levels.3.8DSC dynamic rangeratio of the maximum exposure level that provides a pixel value below the highlight clipping value to the mini
49、mum exposure level that can be captured with an incremental signal-to-temporal-noise ratio of at least 1, as determined in accordance with ISO 157393.9noiseunwanted variations in the response of an imaging system3.9.1total noiseall the unwanted variations, consisting of pattern noise and temporal noise, of the values in the digitized output captured by a single exposureNote 1 to entry: The procedure in this document for calculating the total noise requires multiple frames.3.9.2fixed pattern nois
