1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 15790:2004 Graphic technology and photography Certified reference materials for reflection and transmission metrology Documentation and procedures for use, including determination of combined standard uncertainty ICS 37.100.01 BS ISO 15790:2004 This British Standard was publi
2、shed under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 12 April 2005 BSI 12 April 2005 ISBN 0 580 45748 6 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 15790:2004 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entruste
3、d to Technical Committee PAI/43, Graphic technology, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international publications referred to in this document may
4、be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users ar
5、e responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and
6、 keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to v, a blank page, pages 1 to 20, an inside back cover and a back cover
7、. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments Reference number ISO 15790:2004(E) OSI 4002INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15790 First edition 2004-01-15 Graphic technology and photography Certif
8、ied reference materials for reflection and transmission metrology Documentation and procedures for use, including determination of combined standard uncertainty Technologie graphique et photographie Matriaux de rfrence certifis pour la mtrologie par rflexion et transmission Documentation et procdure
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14、SO 4002 Allr ithgsr esedevrBSISO15790:2004IS:09751 O4002(E) I SO 4002 All irthgs ersedevr iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms, definitions and symbols 1 3.1 Terms and definitions. 1 3.2 Symbols . 4 4 General guidelines for CRM application. 4 5 Req
15、uired documentation for CRMs. 5 5.1 Identification of CRM 5 5.2 Reporting of CRM reference values 5 5.3 Traceability 5 5.4 Cautions for use 5 5.5 Care and handling of CRMs . 6 5.6 Use and procedures 6 6 Procedures related to the use of CRMs 6 6.1 Determination of combined standard uncertainty. 6 6.2
16、 Computation of expanded uncertainty . 9 6.3 Calibration of a measurement system 9 7 Reporting measurement results and their uncertainty . 10 Annex A (informative) Characteristics of CRMs 12 Annex B (informative) Example of computation of combined standard uncertainty (with component sensitivities e
17、qually weighted) 13 Annex C (informative) Examples of computation of combined standard uncertainty (including weighting of component sensitivities) . 15 Bibliography . 19 BSISO15790:2004IS:09751 O4002(E) iv I SO 4002 All irthgs ersedevrForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization
18、) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be repr
19、esented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards ar
20、e drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an Internation
21、al Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 15790 was pre
22、pared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 130, Graphic technology. BSISO15790:2004IS:09751 O4002(E) I SO 4002 All irthgs reserved vIntroduction The International Organization for Standardization (ISO), in ISO Guide 30 1 , defines a certified reference material (CRM) as a “reference material, accompanied b
23、y a certificate, one or more of whose property values are certified by a procedure which establishes traceability to an accurate realization of the unit in which the property values are expressed, and for which each certified value is accompanied by an uncertainty at a stated level of confidence”. T
24、hus, CRMs are well-characterized materials with values traceable to stated references (see 3.1.12). They may be used to calibrate or to determine the performance characteristics of measurement systems in order to facilitate the exchange of data and to assist in quality control. Their use will help t
25、o assure the long-term adequacy and integrity of the measurement and quality control processes. Densitometers, colorimeters and spectrophotometers are widely used to make measurements for quality and process control in the graphic arts, photographic and other imaging industries. The intent of this I
26、nternational Standard is to establish documentation requirements that describe characteristics of reflection and transmission certified reference materials that may be used for verifying performance of these instruments. In many areas (e.g. cyan, magenta, yellow colorants) there are no readily avail
27、able reference materials that are traceable to international and national standards. This International Standard can still provide guidance in such circumstances by showing how to determine the reproducibility of the results of measurements, even in the absence of CRMs. Although the calibration refe
28、rence materials provided with many reflection and transmission instruments used in graphic arts and photography are not identified as CRMs, they could often meet the requirements as such. Instrument manufacturers are encouraged to document the characteristics of their calibration materials as CRMs w
29、here appropriate. This International Standard describes practical procedures to determine values that represent components of the uncertainty of measurements for the graphic arts, photography and other image-technology industries. A computational procedure is also provided to combine these component
30、s to determine “combined standard uncertainty” (see 3.1.3). A more rigorous and detailed approach is described in the Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement. Furthermore, general procedures are identified for the use and maintenance of these certified reference materials. Through use
31、of this International Standard, manufacturers of CRMs can provide consistent general- use information for the verification of measurement-system performance described above. This International Standard lists appropriate documentation that should accompany CRMs, including the following: a) areas wher
32、e a CRM is and is not applicable; b) physical characteristics of CRMs for density, colour values, uniformity, etc. (see Annex A); c) traceability of CRM values to stated reference; d) expected lifetime of a CRM; e) care and storage of a CRM; f) general procedures on how to use a CRM. Other useful do
33、cuments providing guidance in metrology and the uncertainty of measurement can be found in the Bibliography. This International Standard provides guidance and is a resource for manufacturers and users of CRMs. Using CRMs as part of quality assurance activities is essential for verification and calib
34、ration of measurement systems and can increase confidence in data obtained from measurement instruments. It provides a useful tool in support of ISO 9001 15registration and ISO/IEC 17025 22accreditation by providing information relevant to graphic technology, photographic and other imaging industrie
35、s. BSISO15790:2004BSISO15790:2004INTENRATIONAL TSANDADR IS:09751 O4002(E)I SO 4002 All irthgs ersedevr 1Graphic technology and photography Certified reference materials for reflection and transmission metrology Documentation and procedures for use, including determination of combined standard uncert
36、ainty 1 Scope This International Standard specifies the documentation requirements for certified reference materials (CRMs), procedures for the use of CRMs, and procedures for the computation and reporting of the combined standard uncertainty of reflectance and transmittance measurement systems used
37、 in graphic arts, photographic and other imaging industries. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the reference document (i
38、ncluding any amendments) applies. Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement, published jointly by BIPM/IEC/IFCC/ISO/IUPAC/ IUPAP/OIML, 1995 3 Terms, definitions and symbols 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1.1 calib
39、ration set of operations that establish, under specified conditions, the relationship between values of quantities indicated by a measuring instrument or measuring system, or values represented by a material measure or a reference material, and the corresponding values realized by standards adapted
40、from International vocabulary of basic and general terms in metrology 2NOTE Contrary to a common misconception, calibration is not the process of adjusting a measurement system such that it produces values that are believed to be correct. Calibration permits either the assignment of values of measur
41、ands to the indications (creating a reference table) or the decision to reset or adjust the device. Following the resetting or adjusting of the device, a calibration is normally repeated to ensure that the new device setting(s) provide indications within the accepted ranges. 3.1.2 certified referenc
42、e material CRM reference material, accompanied by a certificate, one or more of whose property values are certified by a procedure which establishes traceability to an accurate realization of the unit in which the property values are expressed, and for which each certified value is accompanied by an
43、 uncertainty at a stated level of confidence ISO Guide 30 1BSISO15790:20041IS:09751 O4002(E) 2 ISO 2004 All rights reserved3.1.3 combined standard uncertainty u cstandard uncertainty of the result of a measurement when that result is obtained from the values of a number of other quantities, equal to
44、 the positive square root of a sum of terms, the terms being the variances or covariances of these other quantities weighted according to how the measurement result varies with changes in these quantities Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement 3.1.4 coverage factor k numerical factor
45、used as a multiplier of the combined standard uncertainty in order to obtain an expanded uncertainty Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement 3.1.5 CRM reference value value of the certified property of a CRM, reported in the documentation supplied with it 3.1.6 expanded uncertainty U q
46、uantity defining an interval about the result of a measurement that may be expected to encompass a large fraction of the distribution of values that could reasonably be attributed to the measurand Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement NOTE Expanded uncertainty is the product of the c
47、ombined standard uncertainty, u c , and the chosen coverage factor, k. 3.1.7 experimental standard deviation s quantity characterizing the dispersion of the results for a series of n measurements of the same measurand and given by the following formula: 2 1 () 1 n i i xx s= n = where n is the number
48、 of measurements; x is the arithmetic mean of the n results considered; x iis the result of the i th measurement. adapted from International vocabulary of basic and general terms in metrology 2NOTE According to ISO 3534-1:1993 7 , 2.34, the standard deviation is the positive square root of the varia
49、nce. 3.1.8 manufacturers calibration reference material physical device or material, certified or non-certified, supplied by the instrument manufacturer, which may be used to calibrate a specific instrument BSISO15790:20042IS:09751 O4002(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 33.1.9 measurand particular quantity subject to measurement International vocabulary of basic and general terms in metrology 2EXAMPLES Den
