1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 16002:2004 Stored cereal grains and pulses Guidance on the detection of infestation by live invertebrates by trapping ICS 67.060 CONFIRMED JANUARY 2008BS ISO 16002:2004 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 1
2、3 May 2004 BSI 13 May 2004 ISBN 0 580 43783 3 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 16002:2004 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee AW/4, Cereals and pulses, which has the responsibility
3、to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards
4、Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does
5、 not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European develo
6、pments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to v, a blank page, pages 1 to 14, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document
7、was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments Reference number ISO 16002:2004(E) OSI 4002INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16002 First edition 2004-05-01 Stored cereal grains and pulses Guidance on the detection of infestation by live invertebrates by trapping Crales en grains
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13、bwww.is.o gro Pulbisdehi n Switlrez dnaii ISO 4002 Allr ithgsr esedevrBSISO16002:2004IS:20061 O4002(E) I SO 4002 All irthgs ersedevr iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope 1 2 Terms and definitions. 1 3 Principle . 2 4 General. 2 5 Trap types 3 6 Method of trapping 3 6.1 Trapping in bul
14、k grain 3 6.2 Trapping in sack stores 4 7 Record of findings 6 8 Interpretation of findings 7 Annex A (informative) Other methods for the detection of live invertebrates in stored grain . 8 Annex B (informative) Examples of trap types for detecting live invertebrate infestation in stored grain 9 Ann
15、ex C (informative) Illustrations of examples of the different trap types used for the detection of live insects and mites in stored grain 10 Annex D (informative) Examples of treatment methods for grains infested by invertebrate pests. 13 Bibliography . 14 BSISO16002:2004IS:20061 O4002(E) iv I SO 40
16、02 All irthgs ersedevrForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a
17、 subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commissio
18、n (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical co
19、mmittees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall no
20、t be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 16002 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 34, Food products, Subcommittee SC 4, Cereals and pulses. BSISO16002:2004IS:20061 O4002(E) I SO 4002 All irthgs ersedevr vIntroduction Within the food sector, cereal grains are t
21、he commodities which are traded in the greatest quantities. They often form nations strategic food reserves. They can be stored for varying periods and under differing conditions, and are always susceptible to invertebrate infestation. The risk of infestation varies with the storage methods used, wi
22、th time, and with the ambient temperature and humidity in the storage area. Even short storage periods in the tropics can result in the development of significantly damaging infestations. If cereal grains become infested, the consequences can be damage, loss of quality, loss of value, and deteriorat
23、ion of nutritional value, and can lead to illness in animals and humans. Infested cereal grains can act as a reservoir for the subsequent infestation of sound cereal grains. Infestation can lead to rejection of deliveries, contractual problems, loss of international trade and reputation, and problem
24、s with phytosanitary certification under the International Plant Health Convention. Effective detection of infestation enables informed decisions to be made about if and how cereal grains require remedial treatment. Such treatments, examples of which are given in Annex D, may have implications for t
25、he subsequent use of such cereal grains in products destined for animal and human consumption. Many methods may be used for the detection of live invertebrate infestation in stored grains, but it is considered that the most satisfactory systems for their detection in stored cereal grains and pulses
26、are based on trapping, as described in this International Standard. Some of the other methods are listed in Annex A. These various methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. Methods based on the removal and subsequent assessment of samples are inherently less suitable for insect detection
27、due to the sampling method. Trapping for invertebrates in the storage of cereal grains and pulses can be used to detect the existence of pests, to collect specimens for accurate identification, to assess their numbers if action thresholds have been set, and to monitor invertebrate populations after
28、the application of control measures to test their effectiveness. The standard method (ISO 13690) for the sampling of cereal grains and pulses specifically does not apply to sampling for the detection of infestation. There are standard methods for the detection of hidden infestation see ISO 6639 (all
29、 parts) but no other International Standard exists for the detection of live invertebrates moving freely within cereal grains and pulses stored in bulk or in bags. BSISO16002:2004blank 4002:20061OSISBINTENRATIONAL TSANDADR IS:20061 O4002(E)I SO 4002 All irthgs ersedevr 1Stored cereal grains and puls
30、es Guidance on the detection of infestation by live invertebrates by trapping WARNING The placement of traps within bulk grain stores will involve access to the grain surface. It is important that operator safety is considered. Access into closed storage silos may be hazardous and due assessment mus
31、t be made of the risks involved, including entry and exit procedures and the possibility of the presence of noxious gases. For these reasons, this standard is most applicable to grain which is stored in bulk in open bins and silos, and in flat or floor stores and in sack stores. 1 Scope This Interna
32、tional Standard describes methods for the detection by trapping of live invertebrates in cereal grains and pulses stored in bags or in bulk. 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 grains cereal grains and/or pulses 2.2 beetles specie
33、s (members) of order Coleoptera NOTE Many weevils within the coleopteran family Curculionidae are highly significant pests of stored cereals, being “hidden infestations” for much of their life cycles. Several other coleopteran families include important grain damaging species. 2.3 infestation live i
34、nsect and mite species which, during some stage(s) of their life cycle, are capable of causing damage to the grain NOTE These are also known as “pest species”. 2.4 invertebrates multicellular animals without spinal column, with special reference to insect and mite species within the phylum Arthropod
35、a 2.5 moths species of the order Lepidoptera (Heterocera), which are less brightly coloured than butterflies and fly mainly at night NOTE Butterflies (Rhophalocera) and moths (Heterocera) belong to the same order Lepidoptera, but butterflies are not encountered in grain storage. BSISO16002:2004IS:20
36、061 O4002(E) 2 I SO 4002 All irthgs ersedevr2.6 natural pheromone chemical scent produced by an animal to affect the behaviour of other animals of the same or very closely related species 2.7 synthetic pheromone replica pheromone molecule synthesized to duplicate the effect of the natural pheromone
37、NOTE Synthetic pheromones are frequently used as sex scents to confuse or decoy males of a species, for example in moth traps in agriculture and food storage. 2.8 trap device designed and intended to retain target species or groups, which have entered its structure, or to entice and encourage them t
38、o remain within the device 3 Principle Insects and mites are detected by physical entrapment, or retention by means of food or other attractants, or both. Physical entrapment devices retain all, or the majority, of invertebrates which enter them since they are designed to preclude escape. Food or ot
39、her attractants may also be used in devices which attract invertebrates but which do not subsequently prevent their escape. Their effectiveness then relies on the attractiveness of the lure, encouraging a large proportion of the local target invertebrate population to remain in the device. Since tra
40、pping relies upon insect and mite activity, trapping results in cold or very hot conditions may be markedly different from results obtained in the “normal” range between 15 C and 40 C. 4 General 4.1 The presence of insects and mites in grain storage depends on a range of factors. The standard of hyg
41、iene (sanitation), the type of pest management in operation (temperature and humidity control, percussive methods, for example) and the potential uses to which the grain will be put, can all have a bearing on the significance of insects and mites detected through trapping. See also ISO 6322-2. 4.2 P
42、hysical traps depend for their effectiveness on the natural movement of insects, and their entry into trap structures from which they cannot or choose not to escape. 4.3 A baiting device depends on the principle that insects are attracted to a food or other attractant, and once in the vicinity of th
43、e bait, they are likely to remain. 4.4 Traps for flying insects depend on the principle that adult insects will fly towards an attractant housed within a trap and are then retained by the device. 4.5 It should be noted that the attractants used in some systems are synthetic pheromones which are most
44、ly effective only for one genus of species and usually for only one sex of that species, often the males. Food-based attractants are generally attractive to many species. 4.6 Unbaited trap systems depend entirely on invertebrates encountering the device by chance and then being retained by the desig
45、n of the trap. This type is sometimes called “blunder traps”. 4.7 The range of insect and mite grain pests which could be expected in grain storage include the following: a) grain beetles and weevils whose adults cannot fly; b) grain beetles and weevils whose adults can fly; BSISO16002:2004IS:20061
46、O4002(E) I SO 4002 All irthgs ersedevr 3c) moth species whose adults can fly; d) grain mites which cannot fly and which are only just visible to the naked eye. The choice of the best trap type is dependent upon the expected range or spectrum of pests and the physical (climatic and local store) condi
47、tions under which it is expected to operate. 5 Trap types Many different types of trap are available. Those listed in Annexes B and C are representative of trap types available in many countries, and are included as a guide to their construction and design. It is known that the use of the various ty
48、pes of trap can give rise to differing results of relative estimates of the infesting pest population within the same storage. Locally made traps, following the principles covered in this International Standard, will provide valuable information on infestation, but their level of efficacy may not be
49、 known and thus their results will not be directly comparable with other traps. Annex B gives examples of trap types, and this and the illustrations in Annex C are included to help in the selection of suitable trapping methods in a variety of food storage situations. 6 Method of trapping 6.1 Trapping in bulk grain 6.1.1 Trapping crawling insects and mites in bulk grain The variable conditions to be considered are type of storage system, acc
