1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 16063-42:2014Methods for the calibrationof vibration and shocktransducersPart 42: Calibration of seismometers withhigh accuracy using acceleration of gravityBS ISO 16063-42:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO1606
2、3-42:2014.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee GME/21/2, Mechanical vibration, shock and conditionmonitoring - Vibration and shock measuring instruments and testingequipment.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its
3、secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 80111 2ICS 17.160Compliance with a British Standard cannot
4、confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 September 2014.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 16063-42:2014 ISO 2014Methods for the calibration of vibration and shock transd
5、ucers Part 42: Calibration of seismometers with high accuracy using acceleration of gravityMthodes pour ltalonnage des transducteurs de vibrations et de chocs Partie 42: talonnage des diomomtres de haute exactitude utilisant lacclration due la pesanteurINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO16063-42First edition2
6、014-07-15Reference numberISO 16063-42:2014(E)BS ISO 16063-42:2014ISO 16063-42:2014(E)ii ISO 2014 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2014All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, e
7、lectronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel.
8、 + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandBS ISO 16063-42:2014ISO 16063-42:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword iv1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Traceability of measurement 14 Determination of local gravity . 2
9、4.1 Method using absolute gravimeter 24.2 Method using gravitational acceleration standardization network and relative gravimeter 24.3 Method using gravitational acceleration standardization network 25 Requirements for apparatus and environmental conditions 25.1 Calibration environment 25.2 Base and
10、 vibration environment (seismic block for calibration apparatus) . 25.3 Voltage-measuring instrumentation 25.4 Tuneable low-pass filter . 35.5 Power supply 35.6 Tilt table 36 Method 36.1 Calibration principle 36.2 Calibration procedure . 57 Expression of results 6Annex A (normative) Expression of un
11、certainty of measurement in calibration 7Annex B (informative) Traceability of calibration measurement of seismometer 8Bibliography 9BS ISO 16063-42:2014ISO 16063-42:2014(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO me
12、mber bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governme
13、ntal and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance
14、 are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention i
15、s drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/o
16、r on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity asse
17、ssment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information.The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 108, Mechanical vibration, shock and condition monitoring, Subcommittee
18、 SC 3, Use and calibration of vibration and shock measuring instruments.ISO 16063 consists of the following parts, under the general title Methods for the calibration of vibration and shock transducers: Part 1: Basic concepts Part 11: Primary vibration calibration by laser interferometry Part 12: Pr
19、imary vibration calibration by the reciprocity method Part 13: Primary shock calibration using laser interferometry Part 15: Primary angular vibration calibration by laser interferometry Part 16: Calibration by Earths gravitation Part 21: Vibration calibration by comparison to a reference transducer
20、 Part 22: Shock calibration by comparison to a reference transducer Part 31: Testing of transverse vibration sensitivity Part 41: Calibration of laser vibrometers Part 42: Calibration of seismometers with high accuracy using acceleration of gravityThe following parts are under preparation: Part 17:
21、Primary calibration by centrifuge Part 32: Resonance testing Testing the frequency and the phase response of accelerometers by means of its excitationiv ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 16063-42:2014ISO 16063-42:2014(E) Part 33: Testing of magnetic field sensitivity Part 43: Calibration of acceler
22、ometers by model-based parameter identificationAngular vibration calibration by comparison to reference transducers, calibration of hand-held accelerometer calibrators, and calibration of vibration transducers with built-in calibration coils are to form the subjects of future parts 23, 44 and 45. IS
23、O 2014 All rights reserved vBS ISO 16063-42:2014BS ISO 16063-42:2014Methods for the calibration of vibration and shock transducers Part 42: Calibration of seismometers with high accuracy using acceleration of gravity1 ScopeThis part of ISO 16063 specifies the instrumentation and procedure to be used
24、 for the accurate calibration of seismometer sensitivity using local gravitational acceleration (local Earths gravitation; local value for the acceleration due to the Earths gravity) as a reference value.It is intended generally to be applied to a servo-type accelerometer with/without a velocity out
25、put, which usually has a mass position output in the category of a wide-band seismometer with a bandwidth from 0,003 Hz to 100 Hz.The method specified enables the user to obtain static sensitivity for the seismometers up to 105m/s2(which corresponds to 1 mGal and approximately 1 ppm of the gravitati
26、onal acceleration).The combined and expanded (k = 2) uncertainty of applied acceleration achieved by this method is 106m/s2(0,1 mGal). When the absolute gravimeter described in this part of ISO 16063 is used, the uncertainty of applied acceleration can be suppressed to 5 108m/s2(5 Gal). The relative
27、 expanded uncertainty of calibration, excluding the uncertainty due to the device under test (DUT), is 0,5 %.The intended end-usage of the seismometer to be applied is as follows:a) measurement and observation for the earth science including geophysics usage;b) measurement and observation for disast
28、er prevention, such as detecting the precursor of a land slide;c) diagnosis for the soundness of a building structure and foundation soil in civil engineering;d) observation for nuclear-test detection.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in t
29、his document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.IGSN-71, International Gravity Standardization Network 1971. (Morelli, 1974) Morelli,
30、 Carlo, ed., 1974, The International Gravity Standardization Net 1971: International Association of Geodesy Special Publication No. 4, 194p3 Traceability of measurementThe traceability of measurement in this method is shown in Annex B.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16063-42:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights r
31、eserved 1BS ISO 16063-42:2014ISO 16063-42:2014(E)4 Determination of local gravity4.1 Method using absolute gravimeterDetermine the absolute local gravitational acceleration using a free-fall absolute gravimeter (FG-5 or other apparatus). The uncertainty of the thus-obtained local gravitational accel
32、eration is approximately 5 108m/s2(5 Gal).4.2 Method using gravitational acceleration standardization network and relative gravimeterAt a reference point where the local gravitational acceleration has been established from the IGSN-71, the absolute local gravitational acceleration may be determined
33、by using a relative gravimeter. In this case, no correction for latitude and altitude is required. The value of uncertainty of the relative gravimeter is to be specified by the manufacturer.Geological survey institutes, meteorology institutes, geodetic surveys or geophysical institutions in each cou
34、ntry may provide measured values of smaller uncertainty than those in IGSN-71 and, if available, those values may be used.4.3 Method using gravitational acceleration standardization networkCalculate the local gravitational acceleration based on the latitude and altitude of the point at which measure
35、ments are to be conducted relative to the nearest geographical point in the IGSN-71 database.The uncertainty of the thus-obtained local gravitational acceleration is approximately 105m/s2(1 mGal). Here, this is only applied to the case without any geometrical anomaly.Geological survey institutes, me
36、teorology institutes, geodetic surveys or geophysical institutions in each country may provide measured values of smaller uncertainty than those in IGSN-71 and, if available, those values may be used.Because an altitude difference of 1 m corresponds to a difference of approximately 3 106m/s2(0,3 mGa
37、l), the uncertainty of altitude should be less than 2 m.NOTE 1 The effect of a difference of 1 at a latitude of approximately 45 corresponds to approximately 1 106m/s2(0,1 mGal).NOTE 2 The local gravity map includes the values of the geoid and altitude components.5 Requirements for apparatus and env
38、ironmental conditions5.1 Calibration environmentThe standard reference atmospheric conditions are: (23 3) C and 75 % relative humidity maximum. The temperature, humidity and atmospheric pressure shall be measured and reported.5.2 Base and vibration environment (seismic block for calibration apparatu
39、s)The calibration apparatus shall be placed on a sufficiently heavy base which is sufficiently isolated from the building vibration.5.3 Voltage-measuring instrumentationThe relative expanded measurement uncertainty (k = 2) contribution of the voltmeter by which the output voltage from the seismomete
40、r is measured shall be 0,1 % or less (see Table A.1).2 ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 16063-42:2014ISO 16063-42:2014(E)5.4 Tuneable low-pass filtera) Cut-off frequencyThe cutoff frequency shall be 10 Hz, 30 Hz or 60 Hz. The typical cutoff frequency is 30 Hz.b) Attenuation rate (filter slopes)The
41、 attenuation or insertion loss shall be 24 dB per octave or greater in the stopband of the filter.5.5 Power supplyThe stability of the power supply and the ratio of signal-to-noise shall be adequate to meet the claimed uncertainty contribution(s) at the gain at which the sensitivity of the seismomet
42、er is being determined.5.6 Tilt tableThe angular resolution should be 0,05 or less and the uncertainty contribution should be less than 0,03. The tilt table should have: sufficient rigidity to support the mass of the seismometer; a sufficiently small amount of backlash and hysteresis; and adequate l
43、inearity.6 Method6.1 Calibration principleFigure 1 and Figure 2 show schematics of the calibration apparatus and an example of its operation.Key1 base2 platform3 seismometer4 filter5 voltmeter6 environment instruments (temperature and atmospheric pressure)7 tilt table8 groundFigure 1 Calibration app
44、aratus ISO 2014 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 16063-42:2014ISO 16063-42:2014(E)Key1 base2 platform3 seismometer4 groundFigure 2 Case of applying arbitrary acceleration from the initial settingPlace a tilt table on a platform. The platform shall be rigidly connected to the base described in 5.2, namely
45、, the seismic block for the calibration apparatus, and the horizontal plane of its top surface shall be normal to the local gravitational field. The angular deviation from the horizontal plane shall be smaller than 0,03. The effect of the force component due to the deviation from the horizontal plan
46、e is approximately 107. The deviation from the horizontal plane shall be confirmed by a tilt meter with sufficient resolution.The vertical and horizontal components of acceleration applied to the seismometers on the tilt table, avor ah, are given asagv=cos agh=sin (1)where is the tilt angle from the
47、 horizontal plane obtained by placing the tilt table and g is the local acceleration due to gravity. The vertical and horizontal components of the output signals of the seismometer are given by Formula (2).Measured output signal from seismometer E is given byESaB ESaBvh=+ =+or (2)whereS is the calcu
48、lated sensitivity of the seismometer;avor ahis the induced acceleration to the sensitive axis of the accelerometer;B is the calculated bias component of the output;E is the measured output voltage of the seismometer.4 ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 16063-42:2014ISO 16063-42:2014(E)When v or h ar
49、e changed from 1 to n, each output signal of the seismometer for n times measurement is given asESaB11=+ESaB22=+ESaBnn=+(3)Sensitivity of the seismometer S and bias component of the output B are given by linear regression as follows:SnaEaEna aiiiniiniiniiinin=()=1112121(4)BaEaE ana Eiiniiniiiniiniiin=()=2111121=21in(5)6.2 Calibration procedurePlace the seismometer on the tilt table such that the sensitive axis is aligned with the v
