1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 16067-2:2004 Photography Electronic scanners for photographic images Spatial resolution measurements Part 2: Film scanners ICS 37.040.99 BS ISO 16067-2:2004 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 18 October 20
2、04 BSI 18 October 2004 ISBN 0 580 44617 4 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 16067-2:2004 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee CPW/42, Photography, which has the responsibility to: A l
3、ist of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Corresp
4、ondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of
5、 itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments
6、and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to v, a blank page, pages 1 to 19 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments i
7、ssued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments Reference number ISO 16067-2:2004(E) OSI 4002INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16067-2 First edition 2004-10-15 Photography Electronic scanners for photographic images Spatial resolution measurements Part 2: Film scanners Photographie Scanners lectroniques pou
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13、dehi n Switlrez dnaii ISO 4002 Allr ithgsr esedevrBSISO160672:2004IS-76061 O2:(4002E) I SO 4002 All irthgs ersedevr iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Test chart . 4 4.1 Representation and recommended size .4 4.2 General char
14、acteristics of the test chart 4 4.3 Test chart elements 6 5 Test conditions 7 5.1 General. 7 5.2 Temperature and relative humidity . 8 5.3 Luminance and colour measurements .8 5.4 Linearization 8 5.5 Scanner settings . 8 6 Measuring the scanner OECF 8 7 Limiting visual resolution and its relation to
15、 SFR . 8 8 Edge SFR test measurement . 9 9 Presentation of results . 9 9.1 General. 9 9.2 Scanner OECF . 10 9.3 Resolution Measurements . 11 Annex A (normative) Scanner OECF test patches 13 Annex B (informative) SFR algorithm. 14 Annex C (informative) Using slanted edge analysis for colour spatial r
16、egistration measurement . 17 Bibliography . 19 4002:276061OSISBBSISO160672:2004IS-76061 O2:(4002E) iv ISO 2004 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing Intern
17、ational Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with
18、 ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical
19、 committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to
20、the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 16067-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 42, Photography. ISO 16067 consists of the following parts, under th
21、e general title Photography Electronic scanners for photographic images Spatial resolution measurements: Part 1: Scanners for reflective media Part 2: Film scanners BSISO14002:27606BSISO160672:2004IS-76061 O2:(4002E) I SO 4002 All irthgs ersedevr vIntroduction One of the most important characteristi
22、cs of an electronic film scanner is the ability to capture the fine detail found in the original film. This ability to resolve detail is determined by a number of factors, including the performance of the scanner lens, the number of addressable photoelements in the image sensor(s) used in the scanne
23、r, and the electrical circuits in the scanner. Different measurement methods can yield different metrics that quantify the ability of the scanner to capture fine details. This International Standard specifies methods for measuring the limiting visual resolution, and spatial frequency response calcul
24、ated from a slanted edge (Edge SFR) imaged by a film scanner. The scanner measurements described in this International Standard are performed in the digital domain, using digital analysis techniques. A test chart of appropriate size and characteristics is scanned and the resulting data is analysed.
25、The test chart described in this International Standard is designed specifically to evaluate continuous tone film scanners. It is not designed for evaluating electronic still-picture cameras, video cameras, or bi-tonal document scanners. The edge SFR measurement method described in this Internationa
26、l Standard uses a computer algorithm to analyse digital image data from the film scanner. Pixel values near slanted vertical and horizontal edges are used to compute the SFR values. The use of a slanted edge allows the edge gradient to be measured at many phases relative to the image sensor photoele
27、ments, so that the SFR can be determined at spatial frequencies higher than the half sampling frequency, sometimes called the Nyquist limit. This technique is mathematically equivalent to a moving knife-edge measurement. Part 1 of this International Standard deals with reflective media. 4002:276061O
28、SISBBSISO160672:2004blankINTENRATIONAL TSANDADR IS-76061 O2:(4002E)I SO 4002 All irthgs ersedevr 1Photography Electronic scanners for photographic images Spatial resolution measurements Part 2: Film scanners 1 Scope This International Standard specifies methods for measuring and reporting the spatia
29、l resolution of electronic scanners for continuous tone photographic negatives and reversal (e.g. slide) films. The International Standard applies to both monochrome and colour film scanners. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this docu
30、ment. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 5-2, Photography Density Measurements Part 2: Geometric conditions for transmission density ISO 554, Standard atmospheres for cond
31、itioning and/or testing Specifications ISO 12231, Photography Electronic still-picture cameras Terminology ISO 12233, Photography Electronic still-picture cameras Resolution Measurements ISO 14524, Photography Electronic still-picture cameras Methods for measuring opto-electronic conversion function
32、s (OECFs) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 12231 and the following apply. 3.1 addressable photoelements number of active photoelements in an image sensor NOTE This is equal to the number of active lines of photoelements, multiplied by
33、the number of active photoelements per line. 3.2 aliasing reconstructed image artefacts in sampled imaging systems where the combined spatial frequency energy of the input image and scanner combination is significant beyond the half-sampling frequency of the scanner NOTE These artefacts usually mani
34、fest themselves as moir patterns in repetitive image features or as jagged stair stepping at edge transitions. BSISO160672:20041IS-76061 O2:(4002E) 2 I SO 4002 All irthgs ersedevr3.3 digital output level numerical value assigned to a particular output level, also known as the digital code value 3.4
35、edge spread function ESF normalized spatial signal distribution in the linearized output of an imaging system resulting from imaging a theoretical infinitely sharp edge 3.5 effectively spectrally neutral having spectral characteristics that result in a specific imaging system producing the same outp
36、ut as for a spectrally neutral object 3.6 electronic scanner for photographic films scanner incorporating an image sensor that outputs a digital signal representing a still film image 3.7 fast scan direction scan direction corresponding to the direction of the alignment of the addressable photoeleme
37、nts in a linear array image sensor 3.8 gamma correction process that alters the image data in order to modify the tone reproduction 3.9 image sensor electronic device that converts incident electromagnetic radiation into an electronic signal; e.g. a charge coupled device (CCD) array 3.10 resolution
38、measure of the ability of a digital image capture system, or a component of a digital image capture system, to capture fine spatial detail NOTE Resolution measurement metrics include resolving power, limiting visual resolution, SFR, MTF and CTF. 3.11 sampled imaging system imaging system or device w
39、hich generates an image signal by sampling an image at an array of discrete points, or along a set of discrete lines, rather than a continuum of points NOTE The sampling at each point is done using a finite size sampling aperture or area. 3.12 sample spacing physical distance between sampling points
40、 or sampling lines, measured in units of distance (e.g. m, mm) NOTE The sample spacing may be different in the two orthogonal sampling directions. 3.13 sampling frequency reciprocal of sample spacing NOTE Expressed in samples per unit distance (e.g. dots per inch). BSISO160672:20042IS-76061 O2:(4002
41、E) I SO 4002 All irthgs ersedevr 33.14 scanner electronic device that converts a fixed image, such as a film or film transparency, into an electronic signal 3.15 scanner opto-electronic conversion function scanner OECF relationship between the input density and the digital output levels for an opto-
42、electronic digital capture system 3.16 slow scan direction direction in which the scanner moves the photoelements (perpendicular to the lines of active photoelements in a linear array image sensor) 3.17 spatial frequency response SFR R SFRmeasured amplitude response of an imaging system as a functio
43、n of relative input spatial frequency NOTE 1 The SFR is normally represented by a curve of the output response to an input sinusoidal spatial luminance distribution of unit amplitude, over a range of spatial frequencies. The SFR is normalized to yield a value of 1,0 at a spatial frequency of 0. NOTE
44、 2 In equations, the symbol R SFRrather than the abbreviation SFR is used for clarity. 3.18 spectrally neutral test chart in which the relative spectral power distributions of the incident and reflected (or transmitted) light are equal 3.19 test chart arrangement of test patterns designed to test pa
45、rticular aspects of an imaging system 3.20 test pattern specified arrangement of spectral reflectance or transmittance characteristics used in measuring an image quality attribute 3.21 test pattern types 3.21.1 bi-tonal patterns patterns that are spectrally neutral or effectively spectrally neutral,
46、 and consist exclusively of two reflectance or transmittance values in a prescribed spatial arrangement NOTE Bi-tonal patterns are typically used to measure resolving power, limiting resolution and SFR. 3.21.2 grey scale patterns patterns that are spectrally neutral or effectively spectrally neutral
47、, and consist of a large number of different reflectance or transmittance values in a prescribed spatial arrangement NOTE Grey scale patterns are typically used to measure opto-electronic conversion functions. BSISO160672:20043IS-76061 O2:(4002E) 4 I SO 4002 All irthgs ersedevr3.21.3 spectral patter
48、ns patterns that are specified by the spatial arrangement of features with differing spectral reflectance or transmittance values NOTE Spectral patterns are typically used to measure colour reproduction. 4 Test chart 4.1 Representation and recommended size This clause defines the type and specificat
49、ions of the test chart depicted in Figure 1. This test chart can be made at various sizes to correspond to popular film sizes. The recommended size is 24 mm 36 mm, which corresponds to the 35 mm film format. Figure 1 Representation of the test chart 4.2 General characteristics of the test chart 4.2.1 The test chart shall be a transmission test chart based on a current monochrome photographic fi
