1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 16075-3:2015Guidelines for treatedwastewater use for irrigationprojectsPart 3: Components of a reuse project forirrigationBS ISO 16075-3:2015 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 16075-3:2015.The UK participation in it
2、s preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee CB/506, Water reuse.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplicat
3、ion. The British Standards Institution 2015. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 80722 0ICS 13.060.01; 13.060.30Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy
4、 Committee on 31 August 2015.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 16075-3:2015 ISO 2015Guidelines for treated wastewater use for irrigation projects Part 3: Components of a reuse project for irrigationLignes directrices pour lutilisation des eaux uses traites en irrigation Par
5、tie 3: lments dun projet de rutilisation en irrigationINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO16075-3First edition2015-08-15Reference numberISO 16075-3:2015(E)BS ISO 16075-3:2015ISO 16075-3:2015(E)ii ISO 2015 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2015, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unl
6、ess otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the
7、address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 16075-3:2015ISO 16075-3:2015(E)Foreword vIntroduction vi1 Scope . 12 Normativ
8、e references 13 Terms, definitions, and abbreviated terms . 13.1 General . 13.2 Use of treated wastewater (TWW) 33.3 Wastewater quality . 43.4 Irrigation systems 53.5 Wastewater system related components . 73.6 Abbreviated terms . 84 Storage reservoir 84.2 Reservoir types . 84.3 Storage time . 94.4
9、Problems and strategies 95 Additional treatment facilities 105.2 Filtration 105.3 Additional disinfection 116 Distribution systems .116.1 Pumping stations . 116.2 Pipelines 116.3 Accessories 126.3.2 Valves 126.3.3 Blowoffs 136.3.4 Flowmeters 136.3.5 Hydrants . 136.4 Resistance of irrigation material
10、 to pH and fertilizers 136.5 Maintenance of distribution networks to prevent bacterial regrowth 146.6 Design and operation of distribution network to protect drinking water sources 146.6.2 Stipulating a protective radius 156.6.3 Principles of TWW irrigation above (underground or surface) drinking wa
11、ter pipelines .156.6.4 Principles of cross-connection 156.6.5 Principles of painting and marking TWW irrigation pipelines and systems 167 Irrigation systems 177.1 Classification 177.2 Pressurized irrigation systems 177.2.1 Sprinkler systems .177.2.2 Micro-irrigation systems 197.2.3 Filtration 197.2.
12、4 Automation of the irrigation . 207.3 Instructions for preventive treatments, regular maintenance, and handling pressurized irrigation system failures subject to TWW quality 207.3.1 General. 207.3.2 Water quality parameters required for the treatment and maintenance of irrigation systems, for micro
13、-sprinklers and drip irrigation systems 207.3.3 Required equipment and treatments for micro-sprinklers and drip irrigation systems 217.3.4 Restoring working order of an irrigation system after failure 24Annex A (informative) Guidelines for injecting chlorine into drip irrigation systems .25Annex B (
14、informative) Guidelines for acid use in drip irrigation systems 27 ISO 2015 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 16075-3:2015ISO 16075-3:2015(E)Annex C (informative) Guidelines for injecting hydrogen peroxide into drip irrigation systems .29Annex D (informative) Guidelines for sampling drip ir
15、rigation pipes .34Annex E (informative) Appropriated chemicals 36Bibliography .38iv ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 16075-3:2015ISO 16075-3:2015(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work
16、of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-government
17、al, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the I
18、SO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibil
19、ity that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of pa
20、tent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as info
21、rmation about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 282, Water reuse, Subcommittee SC 1, Treated wastewater use for irrigation.ISO 16075 consists o
22、f the following parts, under the general title Guidelines for treated wastewater use for irrigation projects: Part 1: The basis of a reuse project for irrigation Part 2: Development of the project Part 3: Components of a reuse project for irrigationThe following parts are under preparation: Part 4:
23、Monitoring ISO 2015 All rights reserved vBS ISO 16075-3:2015ISO 16075-3:2015(E)IntroductionThe increasing water scarcity and water pollution control efforts in many countries have made treated municipal and industrial wastewater a suitable economic means of augmenting the existing water supply, espe
24、cially when compared to expensive alternatives such as desalination or the development of new water sources involving dams and reservoirs. Water reuse makes it possible to close the water cycle at a point closer to cities by producing “new water” from municipal wastewater and reducing wastewater dis
25、charge to the environment.An important new concept in water reuse is the “fit-to-purpose” approach, which entails the production of reclaimed water quality that meets the needs of the intended end-users. In the situation of reclaimed water for irrigation, the reclaimed water quality can induce an ad
26、aptation of the type of plant grown. Thus, the intended water reuse applications are to govern the degree of wastewater treatment required and inversely, the reliability of wastewater reclamation processes and operation.Treated wastewater can be used for various non-potable purposes. The dominant ap
27、plications for the use of treated wastewater (also referred to as reclaimed water or recycled water) include agricultural irrigation, landscape irrigation, industrial reuse, and groundwater recharge. More recent and rapidly growing applications are for various urban uses, recreational, and environme
28、ntal uses, and indirect and direct potable reuse.Agricultural irrigation was, is, and will likely remain the largest reuse water consumer with recognized benefits and contribution to food security. Urban water recycling, landscape irrigation in particular, is characterized by fast development and wi
29、ll play a crucial role for the sustainability of cities in the future including energy footprint reduction, human well-being, and environmental restoration.It is worth noting again that the suitability of treated wastewater for a given type of reuse depends on the compatibility between the wastewate
30、r availability (volume) and water irrigation demand throughout the year, as well as on the water quality and the specific use requirements. Water reuse for irrigation can convey some risks for health and environment depending on the water quality, the irrigation water application method, the soil ch
31、aracteristics, the climate conditions, and the agronomic practices. Consequently, the public health and potential agronomic and environmental adverse impacts are to be considered as priority elements in the successful development of water reuse projects for irrigation. To prevent such potential adve
32、rse impacts, the development and application of international guidelines for the reuse of treated wastewater is essential.The main water quality factors that determine the suitability of treated wastewater for irrigation are pathogen content, salinity, sodicity, specific ion toxicity, other chemical
33、 elements, and nutrients. Local health authorities are responsible for establishing water quality threshold values depending on authorized uses and they are also responsible for defining practices to ensure health and environmental protection taking in account local specificities.From an agronomic p
34、oint of view, the main limitation in using treated wastewater for irrigation arises from its quality. Treated wastewater unlike water supplied for domestic and industrial purposes contains higher concentrations of inorganic suspended and dissolved materials (total soluble salts, sodium, chloride, bo
35、ron, and heavy metals), which can damage the soil and irrigated crops. Dissolved salts are not removed by conventional wastewater treatment technologies and appropriate good management, agronomic, and irrigation practices are intended to be used to avoid or minimize potential negative impacts.The pr
36、esence of nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) can become an advantage due to possible saving in fertilizers. However, the amount of nutrients provided by treated wastewater along the irrigation period is not necessarily synchronized with crop requirements and the availability of nutrient
37、s depends on the chemical forms.This guideline provides guidance for healthy, hydrological, environmental and good operation, monitoring, and maintenance of water reuse projects for unrestricted and restricted irrigation of agricultural crops, gardens, and landscape areas using treated wastewater. T
38、he quality of supplied treated wastewater has vi ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 16075-3:2015ISO 16075-3:2015(E)to reflect the possible uses according to crop sensitivity (health-wise and agronomy-wise), water sources (the hydrologic sensitivity of the project area), the soil, and climate conditi
39、ons.This guideline refers to factors involved in water reuse projects for irrigation regardless of size, location, and complexity. It is applicable to intended uses of treated wastewater in a given project even if such uses will change during the projects lifetime as a result of changes in the proje
40、ct itself or in the applicable legislation.The key factors in assuring the health, environmental, and safety of water reuse projects in irrigation are the following: meticulous monitoring of treated wastewater quality to ensure the system functions as planned and designed; maintenance and design ins
41、tructions of the irrigation systems to ensure their proper long-term operation; compatibility between the treated wastewater quality, the distribution method, and the intended soil and crops to ensure a viable use of the soil and undamaged crop growth; compatibility between the treated wastewater qu
42、ality and its use to prevent or minimize possible contamination of groundwater or surface water sources. ISO 2015 All rights reserved viiBS ISO 16075-3:2015BS ISO 16075-3:2015Guidelines for treated wastewater use for irrigation projects Part 3: Components of a reuse project for irrigation1 ScopeThis
43、 part of ISO 16075 covers the systems components needed for the use of TWW for irrigation which relate to various pressure and open irrigation systems specifically drip irrigation as this method represents an efficient method of water delivery and water saving. Despite the fact that water quality an
44、d filtration of treated wastewater (herein TWW) using drip irrigation are critical, open irrigation systems are more popular and are frequently used for irrigation with TWW and therefore are covered in this part of ISO 16075.This part of ISO 16075 will cover the issues related to the main components
45、 of a TWW irrigation project, including the following: pumping station; storage reservoirs; treatment facilities (for irrigation purposes): filtration and disinfection; distribution pipeline network; water application devices: irrigation system components and treatment.None of the parts of this part
46、 of ISO 16075 are intended to be used for certification purposes.2 Normative referencesThere are no normative references.3 Terms, definitions, and abbreviated terms3.1 General3.1.1aquiferunderground layer of water-bearing permeable rock or unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, or silt) from which
47、groundwater can be extracted3.1.2background waterfreshwater (3.1.10) supplied for domestic, institutional, commercial, and industrial use from which wastewater (3.1.22) is created3.1.3barrierany means including physical or process steps that reduces or prevents the risk of human infection by prevent
48、ing contact between the TWW and the ingested produce or other means that, for example, reduces the concentration of microorganisms in the TWW or prevents their survival on the ingested produceINTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16075-3:2015(E) ISO 2015 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 16075-3:2015ISO 16075-3:2015
49、(E)3.1.4environmentsurroundings in which an organization (3.1.13) operates including air, water, land, natural resources, flora, fauna, humans, and their interrelation3.1.5environmental aspectelement of an organizations (3.1.13) activities, projects, or products (3.1.15) that can interact with the environment (3.1.4)3.1.6environmental impactany change to environmental quality, whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partly resulting from an organizations (3.1.13) activities, projects, or products (3.1.15)3.1.7environmental parameterqu
