1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 16183:2002 Heavy duty engines Measurement of gaseous emissions from raw exhaust gas and of particulate emissions using partial flow dilution systems under transient test conditions ICS 13.040.50; 43.060.20 BS ISO 16183:2002 This British Standard was published under the author
2、ity of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 12 September 2003 BSI 12 September 2003 ISBN 0 580 42624 6 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 16183:2002 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technica
3、l Committee MCE/22, Engines for road vehicles, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international publications referred to in this document may be fou
4、nd in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are resp
5、onsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep
6、the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to v, a blank page, pages 1 to 64, an inside back cover and a back cover. The
7、BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments Reference number ISO 16183:2002(E) OSI 2002INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16183 First edition 2002-12-15 Heavy-duty engines Measurement of gaseous emiss
8、ions from raw exhaust gas and of particulate emissions using partial flow dilution systems under transient test conditions Moteurs de poids lourds Dtermination, sur cycle transitoire, des missions de polluants gazeux par mesure des concentrations dans les gaz dchappement bruts et des missions de par
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14、8161 O2002(E) I SO 2002 All irthgs ersedevr iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction. v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations. 1 4 Test conditions 7 4.1 Engine test conditions 7 4.2 Engines with charge air cooling 8 4.3 Power 8 4.4 Engine air intake syst
15、em 8 4.5 Engine exhaust system 8 4.6 Cooling system 8 4.7 Lubricating oil 9 4.8 Test fuel 9 5 Determination of gaseous and particulate components. 9 5.1 General . 9 5.2 Equivalence . 9 5.3 Accuracy 11 5.4 Determination of exhaust gas mass flow . 11 5.5 Determination of gaseous components 14 5.6 Part
16、iculate determination . 18 6 Measurement equipment for the gaseous components . 21 6.1 Analyser specifications 21 6.2 Analysers . 22 6.3 Calibration 24 6.4 Analytical system 35 7 Measurement equipment for particulates. 44 7.1 Specifications 44 7.2 Dilution and sampling system . 46 7.3 Calibration 52
17、 Annex A (normative) Determination of system equivalence 55 Annex B (normative) Determination of system sampling error. 56 Annex C (normative) Carbon flow check . 58 Annex D (informative) Calculation procedure Example . 60 Bibliography 64 BSISO16183:2002IS:38161 O2002(E) iv I SO 2002 All irthgs erse
18、devrForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which
19、 a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all mat
20、ters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circu
21、lated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be
22、 held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 16183 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 5, Engine tests. Annexes A, B and C form a normative part of this International Standard. Annex D is for information only. BSISO16183:2002IS:38161
23、O2002(E) I SO 2002 All irthgs ersedevr vIntroduction Todays emission measurement systems depend on the type of test cycle steady-state or transient and the type of pollutant to be measured. In a steady-state cycle, the mass of gaseous emissions is calculated from the concentration in the raw exhaust
24、 gas and the exhaust flow of the engine, which can easily be determined. For particulate matter (PM), partial-flow dilution systems, in which only a portion of the exhaust gas is diluted, are widely used. In a transient cycle, real time exhaust flow determination is more difficult. Therefore, the co
25、nstant volume sampling (CVS) principle has been used for many years because exhaust mass flow measurement is not required with this system. The total exhaust gas is diluted, the total flow as the sum of dilution air and exhaust gas volume is kept virtually constant, and the emissions (both gaseous a
26、nd PM) are measured in the diluted exhaust gas. The space and cost requirements of such a system are considerably higher than for the partial-flow dilution systems used in steady-state cycles. Nevertheless, raw exhaust measurement and partial flow systems can only be applied to transients if sophist
27、icated control systems and calculation algorithms are used. The mass emission determination in a raw exhaust sample and the measurement of the exhaust gas mass flow rate is a state-of-the-art procedure for light duty vehicle development on chassis dynamometers. There it is called modal analysis. How
28、ever, it is usually done in conjunction with the mass emission evaluation on a full-flow CVS with bag analysis, where quality of the modal results can easily be verified by comparison with the CVS bag results. For heavy-duty engines, the CVS system is a large and costly system. The aim of this Inter
29、national Standard is to provide an optional, stand-alone measurement procedure. By the nature of the transient mass emission calculation, small changes could result in large deviations of the final results, for example, by a wrongly performed time alignment caused by a wrong response time determinat
30、ion or by a system fault resulting in a change of the response time behaviour of the system. Therefore, the quality assurance procedure of a carbon dioxide-based carbon balance check, in line with highly sophisticated verification procedures for the partial flow particulate measurement, have been es
31、tablished in this International Standard. NOTE CVS systems are covered in detail in various exhaust emissions regulations for both light- and heavy-duty vehicles as well as by ISO 8178-1. They are therefore not included in this International Standard. Since they are considered to be the reference sy
32、stems for exhaust emission measurement on transient cycles, extensive studies have been commissioned by ISO/TC 22/SC 5/WG 2 on the correlation between CVS systems and the systems covered by this International Standard, with the results having been taken into consideration in its development. BSISO16
33、183:2002blank BSISO16183:2002INTENRATIONAL TSANDADR IS:38161 O2002(E)I SO 2002 All irthgs ersedevr 1Heavy-duty engines Measurement of gaseous emissions from raw exhaust gas and of particulate emissions using partial flow dilution systems under transient test conditions 1 Scope This International Sta
34、ndard specifies methods for the measurement and evaluation of gaseous and particulate exhaust emissions from heavy-duty engines under transient conditions on a test bed. The procedures it defines can be applied to any transient test cycle that does not require extreme system response times; it can t
35、herefore be used as an option to the regulated measurement equipment of certification test cycles usually CVS-type systems with the approval of the certification agency among certification test cycles in place are the European transient cycle (ETC) and the US heavy-duty transient cycle (FTP). This I
36、nternational Standard is applicable to heavy-duty engines for commercial vehicles primarily designed for road use, but can also be applied to passenger car engines and to engines used for non-road applications. The test equipment specified in this International Standard can also be used in steady-st
37、ate test cycles, however, if so, the calculation procedures will need to be replaced by those applicable to the particular test cycle. 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standa
38、rd. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated bel
39、ow. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 5167-1, Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential devices Part 1: Orifice plates, nozzles and Vent
40、uri tubes inserted in circular cross-section conduits running full ISO 5725-2, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results Part 2: Basic method for the determination of repeatability and reproducibility of a standard measurement method ISO 8178-5:1998, Reciprocating internal
41、 combustion engines Exhaust emission measurement Part 5: Test fuels SAE paper 770141, Optimization of Flame Ionization Detector for the Determination of Hydrocarbons in Diluted Automobile Exhaust, Glenn D. Reschke SAE J 1936:1989, Chemical methods for the measurement of non-regulated diesel emission
42、s SAE J 1937:1995, Engine testing with low-temperature charge air-cooler systems in a dynamometer test cell 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations For the purposes of this International Standard, the following terms and definitions, and symbols and abbreviations (see Table 1), apply. BSISO1
43、6183:2002IS:38161 O2002(E) 2 I SO 2002 All irthgs ersedevr3.1 particulate matter PM any material collected on a specified filter medium after diluting exhaust with clean filtered air to a temperature of u 325 K (52 C), as measured at a point immediately upstream of the filter; it is primarily carbon
44、, condensed hydrocarbons, and sulfates with associated water NOTE Regulatory agencies choosing to use ISO 16183 could adapt this definition to their particular needs. For example, US regulations after 2007 will define particulate matter at a temperature greater than 42 C and less than 52 C. 3.2 gase
45、ous pollutant gas considered to be polluting to the atmosphere: carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or non-methane hydrocarbons, or both these, oxides of nitrogen expressed in nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) equivalent, formaldehyde and methanol 3.3 partial-flow dilution method process of separating a part of th
46、e raw exhaust from the total exhaust flow, then mixing it with an appropriate amount of dilution air prior to the particulate sampling filter 3.4 full-flow dilution method process of mixing dilution air with the total exhaust flow prior to separating a fraction of the diluted exhaust stream for anal
47、ysis NOTE It is common in many full flow dilution systems to dilute this fraction of pre-diluted exhaust a second time to obtain appropriate sample temperatures at the particulate filter. 3.5 specific emission mass emission expressed in grams per kilowatt hour 3.6 steady-state test cycle test cycle
48、comprising a sequence of engine test modes in which the engine is given sufficient time to achieve defined speed, torque and stability criteria at each mode 3.7 transient test cycle test cycle comprising a sequence of normalized speed and torque values that vary relatively quickly with time 3.8 resp
49、onse time difference in time between a rapid change of the component to be measured at the reference point and the appropriate change in the response of the measuring system, whereby the change of the measured component is at least 60 % FS (full scale) and takes place within less than 0,1 s See Figure 1. NOTE 1 The system response time, t 90 , consists of the delay time to the system and of the rise time of the system. NOTE 2 The resp
