1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 16200-1:2001 Workplace air quality Sampling and analysis of volatile organic compounds by solvent desorption/gas chromatography Part 1: Pumped sampling method ICS 13.040.30 BS ISO 16200-1:2001 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and
2、 Strategy Committee on 26 November 2004 BSI 26 November 2004 ISBN 0 580 44878 9 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 16200-1:2001 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee EH/2, Air quality,
3、to Subcommittee EH/2/2, Work place atmospheres, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international publications referred to in this document may be
4、 found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are
5、responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and k
6、eep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to iv, page 1 to 27 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed i
7、n this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsReference number ISO 16200-1:2001(E) OSI 1002 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16200-1 First edition 2001-08-15 Workplace air quality Sampling and analysis of volatile organic compounds b
8、y solvent desorption/gas chromatography Part 1: Pumped sampling method Qualit de lair des lieux de travail chantillonnage et analyse des composs organiques volatils par dsorption au solvant/chromatographie en phase gazeuse Partie 1: Mthode dchantillonnage par pompage BSISO162001:2001ISO -002611:(100
9、2E) DPF dlcsiremia ihTs PDF file mya ctnoain emdeddeb tyfepcaes. In acccnadroe with Aebods licnesign lopic,y this file may be pirntde ro ivwede tub slahl ton eb ideted lnuess teh tyfepacse which aer emdeddeb era licnesed to dna intslaled on teh computre freporming teh idetign. In wodlnidaogn this f,
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12、O 1002 All rhgits rsevre.de elnUss towrehise scepfidei, on trap of tihs cilbuptanoi mya eb cudorperde ro utzilide ni yna form ro yb yna snaem, eelctinorc ro mecinahcal, inclidugn tohpociypong dna micrfoilm, wittuoh repmissino in writing form eitreh ISO at teh erddass lebwo ro ISOs memreb ydob in the
13、 ctnuoyr of the rtseuqee.r ISO cirypothg fofice saCe tsopale 65 1121-HC aveneG 20 leT. + 41 22 947 10 11 xaF + 14 22 947 90 74 E-mail cirypothgiso.ch eWb www.iso.ch Printed in Switzlredna ii ISO 1002 All irhgts seredevr BSISO162001:2001ISO -002611:(1002E) ISO 1002 All rights rsedevre iii Contents Pa
14、ge Foreword.iv 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Principle2 4 Reagents and materials 2 5 Apparatus .4 6 Sampling.6 7 Procedure .7 8 Calculations8 9 Interferences 9 10 Precision and bias .9 11 Storage and transport .9 12 Test report 10 13 Quality control10 Annex A (informative) Description of sorb
15、ent types .23 Annex B (informative) Equivalence of gas chromatographic stationary phases .24 Annex C (informative) Determination of breakthrough volume .25 Bibliography27 BSISO162001:2001ISO -002611:(1002E) iv ISO 1002 All rights rsedevre Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardizat
16、ion) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be r
17、epresented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards
18、 are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies castin
19、g a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO 16200 may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard ISO 16200-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 146,
20、 Air quality, Subcommittee SC 2, Workplace atmospheres. ISO 16200 consists of the following parts, under the general title Workplace air quality Sampling and analysis of volatile organic compounds by solvent desorption/gas chromatography: Part 1: Pumped sampling method Part 2: Diffusive sampling met
21、hod Annexes A, B and C of this part of ISO 16200 are for information only. BSISO162001:2001INTENRATIONAL TSANDADR ISO -002611:(1002E) ISO 1002 All rights rsedevre 1 Workplace air quality Sampling and analysis of volatile organic compounds by solvent desorption/gas chromatography Part 1: Pumped sampl
22、ing method 1 Scope This part of ISO 16200 gives general guidance for the sampling and analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in air by solvent desorption/gas chromatography using pumped sampling. This part of ISO 16200 is applicable to a wide range of VOCs, including hydrocarbons, halogenated
23、 hydrocarbons, esters, glycol ethers, ketones and alcohols. A number of sorbents are recommended for the sampling of these VOCs, each sorbent having a different range of applicability. However, activated coconut shell charcoal is frequently used. Very polar compounds may require derivatization; very
24、 low boiling compounds will only be partially retained by the sorbents and can only be estimated qualitatively. Semi-volatile compounds will be fully retained by the sorbents, but may only be partially recovered. The upper limit of the useful range is set by the sorptive capacity of the sorbent used
25、 and by the linear dynamic range of the gas chromatograph column and detector or by the sample-splitting capability of the analytical instrumentation used. The lower limit of the useful range depends on the noise level of the detector and on blank levels of analyte and/or interfering artefacts on th
26、e sorbent tubes or in the desorption solvent. Artefacts are typically subnanogram for activated charcoal, but higher levels of aromatic hydrocarbons have been noted in some batches. The concentration range for which this part of ISO 16200 is valid for the measurement of airborne vapours of VOCs is d
27、ependent on the volume sampled. For example, for a 10-litre sample of air, the range is approximately 1 mg/m 3 to 1000 mg/m 3 individual organic compound. For a 1-litre sample of air, the range is approximately 10 mg/m 3 to 10 000 mg/m 3 individual organic compound, and pro rata. 2 Normative referen
28、ces The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO 16200. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part
29、of ISO 16200 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid Internati
30、onal Standards. EN 1232, Workplace atmospheres Pumps for personal sampling of chemical agents Requirements and test methods EN 1540, Workplace atmospheres Terminology BSISO162001:2001ISO -002611:(1002E) 2 ISO 1002 All rights rsedevre 3P r i n c i p l e A measured volume of sample air is drawn throug
31、h one (or more) sorbent tubes in series; an appropriate sorbent (or sorbents) being selected for the compound or mixture to be sampled. Provided suitable sorbents are chosen, volatile organic components are retained by the sorbent tube and thus are removed from the flowing air stream. The collected
32、vapour is desorbed by a solvent, typically carbon disulfide, and the solution is analysed with a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector, mass spectrometer or other selective detector. 4 Reagents and materials During the analysis, use only reagents of analytical reagent grade. 4.
33、1 Volatile organic compounds A wide range of VOCs are required as reagents for calibration purposes. 4.2 Desorption solvent The desorption or elution solvent, commonly carbon disulfide, should be of chromatographic quality. It shall be free from compounds co-eluting with the substances of interest.
34、Tables 1 and 2 give recommended desorption solvents for particular vapours (see 7.5). Where necessary (see Note 2), a desorption solvent modifier should be added at a sufficient concentration to result in a homogeneous solution in desorbed samples. Dimethylformamide may be suitable for this purpose.
35、 NOTE 1 Carbon disulfide is normally recommended for the desorption of non-polar compounds from activated carbon. For polar compounds and mixtures of polar and non-polar compounds there is no ideal universal desorption solvent. Dichloromethane, methanol, higher alcohols, dimethylformamide and aceton
36、itrile have been used as eluents, either singly or mixed with each other or carbon disulfide. OSHA methods 07 and 100 1 and the NIOSH methods 1301, 1400, 1401, 1402, 1403 for ketones and alcohols 2 give examples of suitable desorption solvents other than pure carbon disulfide. NOTE 2 The use of carb
37、on disulfide desorption solvent can result in problems when polar analytes are collected from humid atmospheres. Polar analytes may be soluble in a water phase which forms following desorption with carbon disulfide when sufficient water is collected with the sample. 4.3 Sorbents 4.3.1 Activated char
38、coal Tubes prepacked by the manufacturer with preconditioned charcoal are available and do not require further conditioning. Alternatively, tubes may be prepared by the user. A particle size of 0,35 mm to 0,85 mm is recommended. Before packing the tubes, the charcoal shall be heated in an inert atmo
39、sphere, e.g. high-purity nitrogen, at approximately 600 C for 1 h. To prevent recontamination of the charcoal, it shall be kept in a clean atmosphere during cooling to room temperature, storage, and loading into the tubes. The sorptive capacity and desorption efficiency of different batches of activ
40、ated charcoal may vary. Commercial tubes, if used, should be purchased from the same batch and in sufficient number to provide consistent performance for a definite period of time. NOTE Activated charcoal is usually processed from coconut shells. For some applications, petroleum-based charcoal is pr
41、eferred (see Tables 1 and 2). Some manufacturers recommend synthetic carbons as alternatives to charcoal of biological origin. 4.3.2 Other sorbents Sorbents other than charcoal may be used for certain applications (see Tables 1 and 2). NOTE A description of sorbent types is given in annex A. Equival
42、ent sorbents may be used. BSISO162001:2001ISO -002611:(1002E) ISO 1002 All rights rsedevre 3 4.4 Calibration standards Calibration blend solutions are required in order to compare the concentrations of desorbed solutions (7.3) with those calibration standards in the gas chromatographic analysis. Suc
43、h solutions should be prepared in a way that is traceable to national standards. An internal standard is optional. If used, it should not interfere with the compounds of interest and it should not be removed from the elution solvent by the sorbent. In the context of this method, the purpose of the i
44、nternal standard is to correct for small variations in the injection volume. The use of an internal standard as a surrogate to correct for desorption efficiency (e.g. n-propyl acetate in the analysis of n-butyl acetate) is not recommended. Desorption efficiency should be determined directly with the
45、 compounds of interest (7.5). Storage times for calibration solutions vary according to application. Typically, carbon disulfide dilutions should be prepared fresh weekly, or more frequently if evidence is noted of decomposition or evaporation. NOTE In the analysis of complex mixtures, calibration b
46、lends of the pure compounds may be prepared before dilution with the elution solvent. Examples of three calibration blends are listed here. These have been used in the analysis of mixed solvents in paints, thinners, adhesives, cleaning fluids and miscellaneous commercial products. The components are
47、 arranged to give resolved peaks on both BP-1 and BP-10 phases 1 . Other blends may be more appropriate on different columns or in other applications. In the examples below, calibration blends 1-3 are stable for at least one year when stored in dark glass bottles with PTFE-lined screw-caps at less t
48、han 4 C. a) Blend 1 consists of: n-hexane, n-heptane, n-octane, n-decane, n-undecane, n-dodecane, benzene, toluene, o-xylene, p-xylene, n-propylbenzene, isopropylbenzene, o-ethyltoluene, m-ethyltoluene, p-ethyltoluene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, n-propyl acetate, n-butyl acetate
49、, isobutyl acetate, butoxyethyl acetate. b) Blend 2 consists of: isopropanol, isobutanol, n-butanol, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, butoxyethanol, toluene, ethylbenzene, 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene, ethyl acetate, ethoxyethyl acetate. c) Blend 3 consists of: acetone, 2-butanone, 4-methylpentan-2-one, cyclohexanone, 2-methylcyclohexanone, 3-methylcyclohexanone, 4-methylcyclohexanone, isopropyl acetate, n-nonane, toluene. 4.4.1 Solution co
