1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 16200-2:2000 Workplace air quality Sampling and analysis of volatile organic compounds by solvent desorption/gas chromatography Part 2: Diffusive sampling method ICS 13.040.30 BS ISO 16200-2:2000 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy
2、and Strategy Committee on 26 November 2004 BSI 26 November 2004 ISBN 0 580 44877 0 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 16200-2:2000 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee EH/2, Air qualit
3、y, to Subcommittee EH/2/2, Work place atmospheres, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international publications referred to in this document may
4、 be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users a
5、re responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, an
6、d keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to iv, page 1 to 32, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI cop
7、yright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsReference number ISO 16200-2:2000(E) OSI 0002 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16200-2 First edition 2000-06-15 Workplace air quality Sampling and analysis of vol
8、atile organic compounds by solvent desorption/gas chromatography Part 2: Diffusive sampling method Qualit de lair des lieux de travail chantillonnage et analyse des composs organiques volatils par dsorption au solvant/chromatographie en phase gazeuse Partie 2: Mthode dchantillonnage par diffusion BS
9、ISO162002:2000ISO -002612:(0002E) DPF dlcsiremia ihTs PDF file mya ctnoain emdeddeb tyfepcaes. In acccnadroe with Aebods licnesign lopic,y this file may be pirntde ro ivwede tub slahl ton eb ideted lnuess teh tyfepacse which aer emdeddeb era licnesed to dna intslaled on teh computre freporming teh i
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12、at the sserdda givne lebwo. ISO 0002 All rhgits rsevre.de elnUss towrehise scepfidei, on trap of tihs cilbuptanoi mya eb cudorperde ro utzilide ni yna form ro yb yna snaem, electronic ro mecinahcal, inclidugn tohpociypong dna micrfoilm, wittuoh repmissino in writing form eitreh ISO at teh erddass le
13、bwo ro ISOs memreb body in the ctnuoyr of the rtseuqee.r ISO cirypothg fofice saCe tsopale 65 1121-HC aveneG 20 leT. + 41 22 947 10 11 xaF + 14 22 437 01 97 E-mail cirypothgiso.ch eWb www.iso.ch Printed in Switzlredna ii ISO 0002 All irhgts seredevr BSISO162002:2000ISO -002612:(0002E) ISO 0002 All i
14、rhgts seredevr iii Contents Page 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Principle1 4 Reagents and materials 2 5 Apparatus .4 6 Sampling.5 7 Procedure .6 7.1 Desorption6 7.2 Analysis 6 7.3 Determination of desorption efficiency.6 7.4 Calibration of uptake rate .7 8 Calculations8 8.1 General8 8.2 Mass c
15、oncentration of analyte .8 8.3 Volume concentration of analyte .9 8.4 Uptake rates .9 9 Interferences 9 10 Precision and bias .9 11 Storage and transport .10 12 Test report 10 13 Quality control10 Annex A (informative) Description of sorbent types .11 Annex B (informative) Diffusive sampling rates (
16、cm 3 /min)12 Annex C (informative) Equivalence of gas chromatographic stationary phases .20 Annex D (informative) Suppliers of charcoal-based organic vapour diffusive samplers21 Annex E (informative) Specific information on sampler type A .22 Annex F (informative) Specific information on sampler typ
17、e B .23 Annex G (informative) Specific information on sampler type C.24 Annex H (informative) Specific information on sampler type D .25 Annex I (informative) Specific information on sampler type E.26 Annex J (informative) Retention indices of selected VOCS on BP-1 and BP-10 phases.27 Bibliography31
18、 BSISO162002:2000ISO -002612:(0002E) iv ISO 0002 All irhgts seredevr Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technic
19、al committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely wi
20、th the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the
21、 member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO 16200 may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible
22、 for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard ISO 16200-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 146, Air quality, Subcommittee SC 2, Workplace atmospheres. ISO 16200 consists of the following parts, under the general title Workplace air quality Sampling and analysis of
23、volatile organic compounds by solvent desorption/gas chromatography: Part 1: Pumped sampling method Part 2: Diffusive sampling method Annexes A to J of this part of ISO 16200 are for information only. BSISO162002:2000INTENRATIONAL TSANDADR ISO -002612:(0002E) ISO 0002 All irhgts seredevr 1 Workplace
24、 air quality Sampling and analysis of volatile organic compounds by solvent desorption/gas chromatography Part 2: Diffusive sampling method 1 Scope This part of ISO 16200 gives general guidance for the sampling and analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in air. This part of ISO 16200 is appli
25、cable to a wide range of VOCs, including hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, esters, glycol ethers, ketones and alcohols. A number of devices and sorbents are recommended for the sampling of these VOCs, each sorbent having a different range of applicability. NOTE Activated coconut shell charcoal
26、 is frequently used. Very polar compounds may require derivatization; very low boiling compounds will only be partially retained by the sorbents and can only be estimated qualitatively. Semi-volatile compounds will be fully retained by the sorbents, but may only be partially recovered. This part of
27、ISO 16200 is valid for the measurement of airborne vapours of VOCs in a concentration range of approximately 1 mg/m 3 to 1000 mg/m 3 individual organic for an exposure time of 8 h. The upper limit of the useful range is set by the sorptive capacity of the sorbent used and, subject to dilution of the
28、 analysed solution, by the linear dynamic range of the gas chromatograph column and detector or by the sample splitting capability of the analytical instrumentation used. The lower limit of the useful range depends on the noise level of the detector and on blank levels of analyte and/or interfering
29、artefacts on the sampling devices or in the desorption solvent. Artefacts are typically sub-nanogram for activated charcoal, but higher levels of aromatic hydrocarbons have been noted in some batches. 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through referenc
30、e in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO 16200. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 16200 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most
31、recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. EN 838:1995, Workplace atmospheres Diffusive samplers for the de
32、termination of gases and vapours Requirements and test methods. EN 1540, Workplace atmospheres Terminology. 3P r i n c i p l e Diffusive samplers consist of a sorbent separated from ambient air by some form of diffusion resistance, commonly a controlled air gap and draught shield. The diffusive samp
33、ler (or samplers) is exposed to air for a measured time BSISO162002:2000ISO -002612:(0002E) 2 ISO 0002 All irhgts seredevr period. The rate of sampling is determined by prior calibration in a standard atmosphere (see 7.4). Volatile organic compounds migrate into the sampler by diffusion and are coll
34、ected on the sorbent, normally activated carbon. The collected vapour is desorbed by a solvent, typically carbon disulfide, and the solution is analysed with a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector, mass spectrometer or other selective detector. 4 Reagents and materials During
35、the analysis, use only reagents of recognized analytical reagent grade. 4.1 Volatile organic compounds A wide range of VOCs are required as reagents for calibration purposes. 4.2 Desorption solvent The desorption solvent, commonly carbon disulfide, should be of chromatographic quality. It shall be f
36、ree from compounds co-eluting with the substances of interest. Check the purity of each new batch of solvent. NOTE Carbon disulfide is normally recommended for the desorption of non-polar compounds from activated carbon. For polar compounds and mixtures of polar and non-polar compounds, there is no
37、ideal universal desorption solvent. Dichloromethane, methanol, higher alcohols, dimethylformamide and acetonitrile have been used as eluants, either singly or mixed with each other or carbon disulfide. Dichloromethane may cause corrosion in the flame ionization detector. The use of carbon disulfide
38、desorption solvent can result in problems when polar analytes are collected from humid atmospheres. Polar analytes may be soluble in a water phase which forms following desorption with carbon disulfide when sufficient water is collected with the sample. A desorption solvent modifier shall be present
39、 at a sufficient concentration to result in a homogeneous solution in desorbed samples; dimethylformamide may be suitable for this purpose. 4.3 Sorbents 4.3.1 Activated charcoal A particle size of 0,35 mm to 0,85 mm is recommended. Before packing the samplers, the charcoal shall be heated in an iner
40、t atmosphere, e.g. high-purity nitrogen, at approximately 600 C for 1 h. To prevent recontamination of the charcoal, it shall be kept in a clean atmosphere during cooling to room temperature, storage and loading into the samplers. Samplers prepacked by the manufacturer with pre-conditioned charcoal
41、are also available and require no further conditioning. NOTE 1 Activated charcoal is usually processed from coconut shells. Some manufacturers recommend synthetic carbons as alternatives to charcoal of biological origin (see annexes A and B). NOTE 2 The sorptive capacity and desorption efficiency of
42、 different batches of activated charcoal may vary. Commercial samplers, if used, should be purchased from the same batch and in sufficient number to provide consistent performance for a definite period of time. 4.3.2 Other sorbents Sorbents other than charcoal may be used for certain applications (s
43、ee annex B). NOTE A description of sorbent types is given in annex A. Equivalent sorbents may be used. 4.4 Calibration standards 4.4.1 General Calibration blend solutions are required in order to compare the concentrations of desorbed solutions (7.2) with those calibration standards in the gas chrom
44、atographic analysis. Such solutions should be prepared in a way that is traceable to national standards. BSISO162002:2000ISO -002612:(0002E) ISO 0002 All irhgts seredevr 3 An internal standard, for example trifluorotoluene or 3-bromofluorobenzene, is optional. If used, it should not interfere with t
45、he compounds of interest and it should not be removed from the elution solvent by the sorbent. In the context of this method, the purpose of the internal standard is to correct for small variations in the injection volume. The use of an internal standard as a surrogate to correct for desorption effi
46、ciency (e.g. n-propyl acetate in the analysis of n-butyl acetate) is not recommended. Desorption efficiency should be determined directly with the compounds of interest (7.3). Storage times for calibration solutions vary according to application. Typically, carbon disulfide dilutions should be prepa
47、red fresh weekly, or more frequently if evidence is noted of decomposition or evaporation. NOTE In the analysis of complex mixtures, calibration blends of the pure compounds may be prepared before dilution with the elution solvent. Examples of three calibration blends are listed here. These have bee
48、n used in the analysis of mixed solvents in paints, thinners, adhesives, cleaning fluids and miscellaneous commercial products. The components are arranged to give resolved peaks on both BP-1 and BP-10 phases 1 . Other blends may be more appropriate on different columns or in other applications. a)
49、Blend 1 consists of: n-hexane, n-heptane, n-octane, n-decane, n-undecane, n-dodecane, benzene, toluene, o-xylene, p- xylene, n-propylbenzene, isopropylbenzene, o-ethyltoluene, m-ethyltoluene, p-ethyltoluene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, 1,3,5- trimethylbenzene, n-propyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, butoxyethyl acetate. b) Blend 2 consists of: isopropanol, isobutanol, n-butanol, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, butoxyethanol, tolu
