1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58 circuits Part 4: Method of extraction of contaminants by ultrasonic techniquesICS 13.040.50; 43.18
2、0Road vehicles Cleanliness of components of fluid BRITISH STANDARDBS ISO 16232-4:2007BS ISO 16232-4:2007This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 29 June 2007 BSI 2007ISBN 978 0 580 50925 4Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Dat
3、e Commentscontract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.National forewordThis British Standard was published by BSI. It is the UK implementation of ISO 16232-4:2007. The UK participation in its preparation
4、 was entrusted to Technical Committee MCE/22, Engines for road vehicles.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a Reference numberISO 16232-4:2007(E)INTERNATIONAL ST
5、ANDARD ISO16232-4First edition2007-06-01Road vehicles Cleanliness of components of fluid circuits Part 4: Method of extraction of contaminants by ultrasonic techniques Vhicules routiers Propret des composants des circuits de fluide Partie 4: Mthode dextraction des contaminants par ultrasons BS ISO 1
6、6232-4:2007ii iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 2 4 Principle. 2 5 Equipment . 2 5.1 General. 2 5.2 Test liquid 2 5.3 Test component container. 2 5.4 Ultrasonic equipment . 3 5.5 Pressure rinsing liquid dispenser. 3 5.6 Vacuum
7、 suction system. 3 5.7 Collection equipment . 3 5.8 Sampling containers. 3 5.9 Environmental conditions 4 5.10 Health and safety 4 6 Procedure 4 6.1 Handling and storage . 4 6.2 Extraction procedure set-up and validation 4 6.3 Blank test. 7 6.4 Component routine test . 9 7 Analysis of the extraction
8、 liquid . 9 8 Presentation of results. 10 Annex A (informative) Set up using ultrasonic techniques . 11 Annex B (informative) Synopsis of extraction procedure set up and validation. 13 Annex C (informative) Example of data sheet for the extraction procedure by ultrasonic techniques . 14 Annex D (inf
9、ormative) Synopsis of the routine test procedure. 17 Bibliography . 18 BS ISO 16232-4:2007iv Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried
10、 out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
11、 collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare Internation
12、al Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elem
13、ents of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 16232-4 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 5, Engine test. ISO 16232 consists of the following parts, under the g
14、eneral title Road vehicles Cleanliness of components of fluid circuits: Part 1: Vocabulary Part 2: Method of extraction of contaminants by agitation Part 3: Method of extraction of contaminants by pressure rinsing Part 4: Method of extraction of contaminants by ultrasonic techniques Part 5: Method o
15、f extraction of contaminants on functional test bench Part 6: Particle mass determination by gravimetric analysis Part 7: Particle sizing and counting by microscopic analysis Part 8: Particle nature determination by microscopic analysis Part 9: Particle sizing and counting by automatic light extinct
16、ion particle counter Part 10: Expression of results BS ISO 16232-4:2007vIntroduction The presence of particulate contamination in a fluid system is acknowledged to be a major factor governing the life and reliability of that system. The presence of particles residual from the manufacturing and assem
17、bly processes will cause a substantial increase in the wear rates of the system during the initial run-up and early life, and may even cause catastrophic failures. In order to achieve reliable performance of components and systems, control over the amount of particles introduced during the build pha
18、se is necessary, and measurement of particulate contaminants is the basis of control. The ISO 16232 series has been drafted to fulfil the requirements of the automotive industry, since the function and performance of modern automotive fluid components and systems are sensitive to the presence of a s
19、ingle or a few critically sized particles. Consequently, ISO 16232 requires the analysis of the total volume of extraction liquid and of all contaminants collected using an approved extraction method. The ISO 16232 series has been based on existing ISO International Standards such as those developed
20、 by ISO/TC 131/SC6. These International Standards have been extended, modified and new ones have been developed to produce a comprehensive suite of International Standards to measure and report the cleanliness levels of parts and components fitted to automotive fluid circuits. This part of ISO 16232
21、 defines procedures for the removal and collection of contaminants from components using ultrasonic bath or an ultrasonic probe so that their cleanliness can be evaluated. The cleanliness level of a component, as determined according to this method, depends to a large extent on the test parameters (
22、e.g. the frequency, the power and duration of the ultrasound and the type of application, bath or sonotrode). It is advisable that all parameters be included in the inspection document and rigorously followed by the test staff. BS ISO 16232-4:2007blank1Road vehicles Cleanliness of components of flui
23、d circuits Part 4: Method of extraction of contaminants by ultrasonic techniques 1 Scope This part of ISO 16232 describes the principles of extraction of contaminants from a component either by immersion in an ultrasonic bath or by applying ultrasonic vibrations directly via sonotrodes. It is prefer
24、ably applied to small and medium sized components of various geometry of which both internal and/or external surfaces have to be examined (e.g. joint seals, gears, etc). It is also applicable to small parts to be analysed in batches. This method can be used on its own or in association with other me
25、thods of extraction described in the ISO 16232 series. NOTE 1 The suitability of this method for complex geometries e.g. tiny bores or large cavities with small openings is decided on a case by case basis. NOTE 2 Depending on the shape of the components, this method can be used also for batches cont
26、aining multiple layers of components provided that there is no obstruction to the extraction of contaminants from the surface and their subsequent transfer into the test liquid. Small compact parts of large number are cleaned in a single layer. Unless otherwise specified, this part of ISO 16232 deal
27、s with particulate contamination only. It does not, therefore, cover appearance defects or contamination by liquid or gaseous materials. It covers the amount and the nature of residual particles resulting from manufacturing processes and from the environment. 2 Normative references The following ref
28、erenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 16232-1, Road vehicles Cleanliness of components of fluid circ
29、uits Part 1: Vocabulary ISO 16232-2, Road vehicles Cleanliness of components of fluid circuits Part 2: Method of extraction of contaminants by agitation ISO 16232-3, Road vehicles Cleanliness of components of fluid circuits Part 3: Method of extraction of contaminants by pressure rinsing ISO 16232-5
30、, Road vehicles Cleanliness of components of fluid circuits Part 5: Method of extraction of contaminants on functional test bench ISO 16232-6, Road vehicles Cleanliness of components of fluid circuits Part 6: Particle mass determination by gravimetric analysis ISO 16232-7, Road vehicles Cleanliness
31、of components of fluid circuits Part 7: Particle sizing and counting by microscopic analysis BS ISO 16232-4:20072 ISO 16232-8, Road vehicles Cleanliness of components of fluid circuits Part 8: Particle nature determination by microscopic analysis ISO 16232-9, Road vehicles Cleanliness of components
32、of fluid circuits Part 9: Particle sizing and counting by automatic light extinction particle counter ISO 16232-10:2007, Road vehicles Cleanliness of components of fluid circuits Part 10: Expression of results 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given
33、 in ISO 16232-1 apply. 4 Principle The contaminants are extracted from the surface of the component by ultrasound. The cleaning effect is due to the cavitation, which creates micro-bubbles that implode close to the particles which are then expelled from and transferred to the extraction liquid for s
34、ubsequent analysis. NOTE 1 In case of an active component, the particles are extracted from the entire controlled surface of the component by traversing liquid. NOTE 2 Several operating parameters influence the extraction efficiency, e.g. power density, operating time and medium, the placement and o
35、rientation of the component in relation to the ultrasonic source and the material the component is made of. 5 Equipment 5.1 General The equipment used shall neither alter nor modify the size distribution of the extracted particles. 5.2 Test liquid The test liquid shall be compatible with all the mat
36、erials in the component, with the liquid used in the final system and with the test equipment, including seals, membrane filters and clean-up filters. A test liquid of low viscosity (u 5 mm2/s) and having the capability of removing (or dissolving) oil and grease is recommended. It should be filtered
37、 to attain the requirements of 6.3.3. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS In case a tested component will be reclaimed for final use, application of incompatible test liquid may cause hazardous damage. 5.3 Test component container A closed container should be used for the transfer of the component from the place of
38、sampling to the place of particle extraction. This container shall be appropriate to the shape of the component and made of material compatible with the test liquid. Its degree of cleanliness shall comply with the blank requirements specified in 6.3.3. BS ISO 16232-4:200735.4 Ultrasonic equipment 5.
39、4.1 Ultrasonic bath The ultrasonic bath should be made of stainless steel. The principal characteristics of the ultrasonic equipment (notably power, frequency, and dimensions of the bath) shall be specified in the test report and the inspection document. In general, by applying transducers to the fl
40、oor or to the wall surfaces of the bath, it is possible to achieve a high degree of homogeneous sonic distribution and therefore a homogeneous cleaning effect. If the extraction liquid is in direct contact with the ultrasonic bath, the latter shall be processed like a collection container. 5.4.2 Son
41、otrodes Another possibility for transferring ultrasonic energy to the test liquid is by using sonotrodes. These are mechanical elements that transmit ultrasound and transfer it to the test liquid to be sonically treated. The mass and geometry of these elements are aligned with the frequency of the u
42、ltrasound. For this application they are usually rod-shaped and made of titanium and most of the ultrasonic energy is radiated via the tip. Sonotrodes are used in the extraction procedures for such internal geometries as through-boring, blind holes and channels which are less suitable for cleaning i
43、n an immersion ultrasonic bath. NOTE Due to the high power densities that can be attained using sonotrodes, great care has to be taken to avoid cavitation damage to component(s) under test. 5.5 Pressure rinsing liquid dispenser The pressure liquid dispenser is a device that provides clean test liqui
44、d specified in 5.2 at a pressure and flow rate capable of extracting the contaminants in an effective manner. The dispenser can also be used to rinse the test equipment and all other items. NOTE This device can be the same as the one used for providing the test liquid. 5.6 Vacuum suction system If n
45、ecessary, use an assembly consisting of a source of vacuum, a vacuum flask previously cleaned and a flexible tube of suitable dimensions and shape for recovery of the extraction liquid and any particles that have accumulated in the component under examination. 5.7 Collection equipment The collection
46、 equipment shall allow effective draining of contaminants. A conical base is preferred. It shall be cleaned to achieve the requirements of 6.3.3. It is possible for contaminants remaining on the equipment to be transferred to the sample and thus be erroneously included as part of the particles remov
47、ed from the component. All collection equipment shall be cleaned and covered before use in order to limit contamination from the environment. 5.8 Sampling containers The sampling containers (glassware, etc.) required for transferring the extraction liquid from the collection equipment to the analysi
48、s equipment shall be cleaned to achieve the requirements of 6.3.3. BS ISO 16232-4:20074 5.9 Environmental conditions The cleanliness of the environment where the extraction is performed shall be consistent with the presumed cleanliness of the component to test. This requirement may result in the tes
49、t being carried out in a laboratory or controlled workplace. The suitability of the environment is validated when performing the blank test. 5.10 Health and safety 5.10.1 Local Health and Safety procedures shall be followed at all times, any equipment shall be operated in accordance with the manufacturers instruction and personal protection equipment used where appropriate. 5.10.2 Chemicals used in the procedures can be harmful,
