1、BS ISO 16331-1:2017Optics and optical instruments Laboratory proceduresfor testing surveying andconstruction instrumentsPart 1: Performance of handheld laserdistance metersBSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS ISO 16331-1:2017 BRITISH STANDARDNational fo
2、rewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 16331-1:2017. It supersedes BS ISO 16331-1:2012 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee CPW/172, Optics and Photonics.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtain
3、ed on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2017. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017ISBN 978 0 580 85491 0ICS 17.180.30Compliance with a
4、 British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 April 2017.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 16331-1:2017 ISO 2017Optics and optical instrum
5、ents Laboratory procedures for testing surveying and construction instruments Part 1: Performance of handheld laser distance metersOptique et instruments doptique Mthodes dessai de laboratoire des instruments dobservation et construction Partie 1: Performance de tlmtres laser de pocheINTERNATIONAL S
6、TANDARDISO16331-1Second edition2017-03Reference numberISO 16331-1:2017(E)BS ISO 16331-1:2017ISO 16331-1:2017(E)ii ISO 2017 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2017, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced
7、or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO c
8、opyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 16331-1:2017ISO 16331-1:2017(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Symbols and abbreviated term
9、s . 15 General information . 25.1 General . 25.2 Target reflectivity 25.3 Background illumination 25.4 Temperature of key components. 35.5 Atmospheric influence . 35.6 Measurement resolution 35.7 Average deviation and uncertainty of measurement . 35.8 Relevant contribution to uncertainty 35.9 Instru
10、ction for instrument specifications 36 Test procedure for determining the compliance with accuracy specifications 46.1 Test concept . 46.2 Requirements . 46.2.1 General 46.2.2 Apparatus . 46.3 Configuration of check points 56.4 Measurement procedure 56.4.1 General 56.4.2 Absolute distance test . 56.
11、4.3 Background illumination test . 66.4.4 Temperature test . 66.5 Calculation of deviations and uncertainty of measurement 76.5.1 Absolute distance test . 76.5.2 Background illumination test . 76.5.3 Temperature test . 86.5.4 Combined deviation and combined uncertainty of measurements . 96.5.5 Expan
12、ded uncertainty of measurements .106.5.6 Statement of test result . 107 Test procedure for determining compliance with range specifications 107.1 Test concept 107.2 Requirements 107.3 Description of measurement procedure 117.4 Calculation of deviation and uncertainty of measurement .117.5 Statement
13、of test result . 12Annex A (informative) Example of performance specification 13Annex B (informative) Examples of determining compliance with accuracy specifications 14Annex C (informative) Examples of determination of compliance with range specifications .27Annex D (informative) Background illumina
14、tion simulation 31Annex E (informative) Target plates 32Annex F (informative) Typical characteristics of targets .33Annex G (informative) Typical alignment issues 35Bibliography .37 ISO 2017 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 16331-1:2017ISO 16331-1:2017(E)ForewordISO (the International Orga
15、nization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been establis
16、hed has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization
17、.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with th
18、e editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any pa
19、tent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.
20、For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: ww
21、w .iso .org/ iso/ foreword .html.This document was prepared by ISO/TC 172, Optics and photonics, Subcommittee SC 6, Geodetic and surveying instruments.This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 16331-1:2012), which has been technically revised.A list of all parts in the ISO 1633
22、1 series can be found on the ISO website.iv ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS ISO 16331-1:2017ISO 16331-1:2017(E)IntroductionStarting in 1993, several companies developed handheld laser distance meters and introduced them into the market. With a growing number of different manufacturers, it became obvi
23、ous that a standard was needed to establish requirements for device specifications and to describe how to check compliance with the specified performance of accuracy and range.ISO 17123 specifies methods of checking specification compliance by the user of the instrument without any additional measur
24、ement equipment. In contrast, ISO 16331 specifies procedures to check specification compliance using additional laboratory equipment that is unavailable to the typical user. ISO 2017 All rights reserved vBS ISO 16331-1:2017BS ISO 16331-1:2017Optics and optical instruments Laboratory procedures for t
25、esting surveying and construction instruments Part 1: Performance of handheld laser distance meters1 ScopeThis document specifies procedures for checking compliance with performance specifications of handheld laser distance meters.2 Normative referencesThe following documents are referred to in the
26、text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 3534-1, Statistics Vocabulary and symbols
27、 Part 1: General statistical terms and terms used in probabilityISO 9849, Optics and optical instruments Geodetic and surveying instruments VocabularyISO/IEC Guide 98-3, Uncertainty of measurement Part 3: Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM: 1995)ISO/IEC Guide 99, Internationa
28、l vocabulary of metrology Basic and general concepts and associated terms (VIM)3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 3534-1, ISO 9849, ISO/IEC Guide 98-3 and ISO/IEC Guide 99 apply.ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in sta
29、ndardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at h t t p :/ www .electropedia .org/ ISO Online browsing platform: available at h t t p :/ www .iso .org/ obp/ 4 Symbols and abbreviated termsTable 1 SymbolsD distanceDmean value of a set of distances deviationk coverage factor fo
30、r a level of confidence of 95 %M measurement valueN number of measurements taken at each check pointINTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16331-1:2017(E) ISO 2017 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 16331-1:2017ISO 16331-1:2017(E)R resolutions experimental standard deviationu standard uncertainty of measurementU expan
31、ded uncertaintyTable 2 Subscripts and abbreviated termsAD absolute distanceAdd additional contributionBG background illuminationCP X check point XREF referenceM measurementmax maximummin minimumhigh highlow lowC combinedCP checkpointi index for individual casesRM measurement resolutionRT range testX
32、 index for individual casesT temperatureT05 temperature 5 CT40 temperature 40 C5 General information5.1 GeneralThe maximum measurement range on typical targets (info and examples, see Annex F) and the uncertainty of measurements provided by handheld laser distance meters are influenced by the follow
33、ing factors.5.2 Target reflectivityThe higher the target reflectivity, the better the signal to noise ratio at the receiver; therefore better measurement performance is achievable. For more details, refer to Annex F.As handheld laser distance meters are used on construction sites and for indoor appl
34、ications, typical targets are painted walls, bricks, concrete, wood, and similar targets. Special attention has to be paid to the effect of penetration of the laser into certain materials, e.g. white marble.5.3 Background illuminationBackground light in indoor applications is typically below 3 klx a
35、nd therefore negligible. However, in outdoor applications, the sunlight reflected by the target might reach an illuminance of up to 100 klx and might cause a degradation of the signal to noise ratio and therefore, a poorer performance of the instrument.Table 1 (continued)2 ISO 2017 All rights reserv
36、edBS ISO 16331-1:2017ISO 16331-1:2017(E)5.4 Temperature of key componentsThe temperature of the laser system and of the receiver system has an influence on the uncertainty of distance measurement. Most of these instruments have a built-in temperature compensation system to minimize this kind of infl
37、uence.5.5 Atmospheric influenceThe maximum range and the accuracy of laser distance meters are influenced by meteorological conditions at the moment of the measurements being taken. These conditions include variations in air temperature, air pressure and humidity of the air. Distances calculated by
38、handheld laser distance meters are based on predefined meteorological conditions. To achieve accurate measurements, in particular at long distances, these meteorological variables in the distance calculation shall be determined and the measured distance shall be corrected accordingly if the device u
39、nder test offers this possibility.5.6 Measurement resolutionThe measurement resolution of a measurement instrument shall be at least two times better than the specified accuracy. For very accurate measurements, like in a calibration situation, a laser distance meter shall offer a unit setting which
40、allows a measurement resolution that is at least five times better than the specified accuracy.5.7 Average deviation and uncertainty of measurementThe typical user of handheld laser distance meters wants to take only one single measurement and wants to rely on the specified maximum tolerances. There
41、fore, it is the value of the combined and expanded uncertainty of a single measurement that the user wants to see below the tolerance limits.5.8 Relevant contribution to uncertaintyTable 3 Relevant contribution to uncertaintyUncertainty contribution Distribution TypeaReference system Normal BbMeasur
42、ement resolution Rectangular BAbsolute distance test (internal noise at typical conditions)Normal ABackground illumination (additional offset and noise) Normal ATemperature (additional offset and noise) Normal AaFor further information, refer to GUM “Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measure
43、ment”.bThe uncertainty contribution of the “reference system” comprises a number of uncertainty contributions, including inter alia, contributions by the uncertainty of the length standard used, by the uncertainty due to an imperfect geometric alignment of reference and device under test or by the u
44、ncertainty due to imperfect temporal synchronization. All these contributions have to be carefully, individually assessed to quantify the overall uncertainty of the reference system.5.9 Instruction for instrument specificationsAs customers of handheld laser distance meters usually are not used to th
45、e term “uncertainty of measurement”, the manufacturers may use the expression “measurement accuracy” in their product specification.Since the performance of a handheld laser distance meter depends on various conditions, the specification of the product shall indicate the conditions that apply, e.g.
46、distance dependency, ISO 2017 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 16331-1:2017ISO 16331-1:2017(E)target reflectivity, background illumination and temperature range. It is mandatory to indicate the performance data (accuracy and range) with favourable conditions and with unfavourable conditions.Favourable co
47、nditions are white and diffuse reflecting target, low background illumination and temperatures about 20 C.Unfavourable conditions are targets with lower or higher reflectivity, high background illumination and temperatures at the upper or lower end of the specified temperature range.For an example,
48、see Annex A.6 Test procedure for determining the compliance with accuracy specifications6.1 Test conceptAs mentioned before, the accuracy of handheld laser distance meters depends on various factors. The test concept of this document focuses on the main influences, such as measurement distance, temp
49、erature of instrument and background illumination.The target reflectivity, which also can have an impact on the accuracy, is not tested directly by changing targets with different reflectivity factors. The reason is that it is quite difficult to get targets with well defined, homogeneous and stable reflectivity factors. In addition, the effect of a target with a lower reflectivity factor of 25 % can be tested using a target with 100 % reflectivity at double distance. Therefore, the effects of lower reflectivity fact
