1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationGuidelines for knowledge libraries and object librariesBS ISO 16354:2013National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 16354:2013.This standard provides a
2、 consistent and rigorous approach to the topic of objectlibraries. It is a resource for those involved in strategic questions of interoperability, linking and mapping. As demand arises for interoperability betweenprocess plant, civil engineering and building libraries, the discussion will be support
3、ed by its definitive set of reference terms and functional units that areoutside of any particular domain.The principles in this standard have been implemented by the UK constructionindustry with the development of the BS 8541 “Library objects for architecture,engineering and construction” series to
4、 standardize how library objects should beprepared and how their quality can be assessed. BS 8541 is published in fourparts:.Part 1: Identification and classification. Code of practice.Part 2: Recommended 2D symbols of building elements for use in building information modelling.Part 3: Shape and mea
5、surement. Code of practice.Part 4: Attributes for specification and assessment. Code of practiceThe following is a summary of the Parts of BS 8541 series and how they use themain functional units defined in ISO 16354 paragraph 5.3:.Parts 1, 3 and 4 use ISO/DIS 16739 (as extended up to IFC4) and COBi
6、e as resources for their “Vocabulary” (5.3.1) and “Dictionary” (5.3.2) functional units.Part 1 documents the “Taxonomy” (5.3.3) and “Collection” (5.3.6) functional units. .Part 2 documents the 2D symbology “Aspect model” (5.3.4) functional unit.Part 3 documents the measurement and 3D shape as two “A
7、spect models” (5.3 .4) functional units. .Part 4 documents the specification and assessment as two “Aspect models” (5.3.4) functional unit. .A future Part to BS 8541 may cover assemblies as “Composition models” (5.3.6)functional units.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technica
8、l CommitteeB/555, Construction design, modelling and data exchange.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on requestto its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a con-tract. Users are responsible for its correct applicat
9、ion. The British Standards Institution 2013Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 76800 2ICS 91.010.01Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obli-gations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policyand Strategy Committee
10、 on 30 April 2013.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS ISO 16354:2013 ISO 2013Guidelines for knowledge libraries and object librariesLignes directrices pour les bibliothques de connaissance et les bibliothques dobjetsINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO16354First edi
11、tion2013-03-15Reference numberISO 16354:2013(E)BS ISO 16354:2013ISO 16354:2013(E)ii ISO 2013 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2013All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, elect
12、ronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 4
13、1 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandBS ISO 16354:2013ISO 16354:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 13.1 Terms and definitions for concep
14、ts . 13.2 Terms and definitions for kinds of relations . 74 Symbols and abbreviations 165 Objectives 175.1 Introduction . 175.2 Scope, conditions and target users . 175.3 Problem definition 185.4 Objective of this standard . 185.5 Guidelines as instrument 206 Types of knowledge libraries .236.1 Intr
15、oduction . 236.2 Definitions and types of knowledge libraries 246.3 Added value of knowledge libraries 277 Functional framework for knowledge libraries 307.1 Introduction . 307.2 Functional unit: vocabulary or list of terms . 317.3 Functional unit: Dictionary . 317.4 Functional unit: Taxonomy 317.5
16、Functional unit: Aspect Models . 337.6 Functional unit: Composition Models 337.7 Functional unit: Collections 347.8 Relations between functional units 358 Guidelines for functional units .368.1 Guidelines for Vocabularies or List of Terms . 368.2 Guidelines for Dictionaries 398.3 Guidelines for Taxo
17、nomies 408.4 Guidelines for Aspect Models 468.5 Guidelines for Composition Models . 478.6 Guidelines for Collections . 498.7 Guidelines for Cross Functional Units 50Annex A (informative) Quality labels 53Annex B (normative) Reference model .60Annex C (informative) Guidelines under scrutiny .66Annex
18、D (informative) Index 70Bibliography .72BS ISO 16354:2013ISO 16354:2013(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO tec
19、hnical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closel
20、y with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electro technical standardization.International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft I
21、nternational Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document
22、may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.ISO 16354 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 59, Buildings and civil engineering works, Subcommittee SC 13, Organization of information about construction works.iv ISO 2013 Al
23、l rights reservedBS ISO 16354:2013ISO 16354:2013(E)IntroductionKnowledge libraries are databases that contain modelled knowledge about kinds of things.Knowledge libraries are intended to support business processes concerning any kind of products during their lifetime, for example to support their de
24、sign, procurement, construction, operation or maintenance. There is an increasing awareness of the high potential value of knowledge libraries and of the drawbacks of the inconsistencies and lack of interoperability between different knowledge libraries.This standard is based on Netherlands Technica
25、l Agreement NTA 8611:2008 (en), Guidelines for Knowledge Libraries and Object Libraries, Version 3.0.On both a national and international level knowledge libraries exist or are being developed, such as the Gellish English Dictionary-Taxonomy (previously called STEPlib), UNETO-VNI ETIM system, LexiCo
26、n and the GWW Objectenbibliotheek Civil Object Library and International Framework for Dictionaries (IFD) developed by the Building Smart consortium. International efforts include IEC 61360, ISO 13584, ISO/TS 15926-4, and ISO 12006-3.Historically, most libraries have had their own unique structure a
27、nd methodology for defining their objects and they use their own naming conventions. For instance, the structure of the article classes laid down in ISO 13584-42 notably differs from that of the UNETO-VNI component classes (publication 8) or LexiCon, based on ISO 12006-3. In most cases the intrinsic
28、 definition of objects will also be different.The major ICT developments with regard to the Internet and XML technology have increased the possibility for uniformity. From a technical point of view, it has become much easier to exchange data, which increases the need and support for this within the
29、industry. Organizations launching new initiatives for the creation of knowledge libraries may also greatly benefit from enhanced uniformity. They may come up with questions such as: “Which existing libraries should be used?”, “Will these libraries receive sufficient support?”, “Do they fulfil my inf
30、ormation needs?” and “Is there international support for such libraries?” ISO 2013 All rights reserved vBS ISO 16354:2013Guidelines for knowledge libraries and object libraries1 ScopeThe aim of this standard is to distinguish categories of knowledge libraries and to lay the foundation for uniform st
31、ructures and content of such knowledge libraries and for commonality in their usage. By drawing up a number of guidelines, a guiding principle is provided for new libraries as well as for upgrading existing libraries. Without these guidelines there is an undesirable amount of freedom, so that the va
32、rious libraries may become too heterogeneous. This would render the comparison, linking and integrated usage of these libraries very complex, if not impossible. The objective of the standard is to categorize knowledge libraries and object libraries and to provide recommendations for the creation of
33、such libraries. Libraries that are compliant with the guidelines of this standard may be more easily linked to, or integrated with other libraries. The target audience of the standard consists of developers of knowledge libraries, builders of translation software or interfaces between knowledge libr
34、aries, certifying bodies and builders of applications who must base their work on the knowledge libraries laid down.NOTE 1 Knowledge libraries are databases or files that contain modelled knowledge about kinds of things. They are intended to support business processes concerning any kind of products
35、 during their lifetime, for example to support their design, procurement, construction, operation or maintenance. There is an increasing awareness of the high potential value of knowledge libraries and of the drawbacks of the inconsistencies and lack of interoperability between different knowledge l
36、ibraries.NOTE 2 This standard does not aim to standardize terminology, but to harmonize and standardize concepts. Thus the use of synonyms and synonymous phrases and one-to-one translations are allowed or even recommended, provided that alternative terms denote the same concepts and reference is mad
37、e to the corresponding synonymous terms in this standard.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest
38、 edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.None.3 Terms and definitions3.1 Terms and definitions for conceptsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions of concepts apply.NOTE The guidelines in this standard are expressed by using two kinds of b
39、uilding blocks: concepts and relation types (which are a special kind of concepts). In this clause, the definitions of those building blocks are provided. The overall description method of the building blocks bears great resemblance to the description method used in several other ISO standards, e.g.
40、 the ISO 10303 series.For each concept a number, a term (which may be a multi-word term or phrase) and a definition is given, usually followed by an explanation in a Note and one or more examples. Each term denotes a concept in English in the context (language community) of this standard.INTERNATION
41、AL STANDARD ISO 16354:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 16354:2013ISO 16354:2013(E)3.1.1knowledge librarycollection of information models that express knowledge (which may include also definition models and requirements models) about kinds of things (concepts) and that are stored and retr
42、ieved as electronic informationNote 1 to entry: A knowledge library may contain knowledge about physical objects as well as about non-physical objects, such as occurrences, activities, processes and events, or about properties, relationships, scales (units of measure), mathematical objects, etc. Eac
43、h information model in a knowledge library should be retrievable as a separate model, although the content of the various models may overlap. It is not required that every information model has a separate unique identifier as a model may also be retrieved on the basis of a query.An object library (i
44、n the context of this standard) is a special kind of knowledge library as it is a collection of knowledge models (possibly also including definitions and requirements) about kinds of physical objects.3.1.2knowledge modelinformation model that expresses knowledge in a computer interpretable structure
45、Note 1 to entry: A knowledge model consists of a number of expressions of facts about a concept, each of which expressions expresses something that can be the case. Those expressions should comply with the guidelines in this standard. A requirements model is a subtype of a knowledge model. It expres
46、ses what shall be the case in a particular context.Note 2 to entry: Knowledge models typically define further subtypes of the concepts that are defined in this standard.Information models are expressions of meaning in a formal language that is computer interpretable.3.1.3factstate of being the caseN
47、ote 1 to entry: A fact can be represented by a fact identifier (see the concept unique identifier). Something that is the case may be expressed by an expression. Such an expression may consist of a relation between representatives of related things, whereas typically that relation is classified by a
48、 kind of relation. A fact may be stated, denied or questioned or confirmed in the expression.3.1.4definitionrepresentation of a concept by a descriptive statement which serves to differentiate it from related conceptsISO 1087-1:2000Note 1 to entry: A definition may be expressed as natural language t
49、ext (a textual definition) or as a definition model. A textual definition should comply with the applicable guideline(s) in this standard. A definition expresses what is by definition the case for all things of the defined kind and if such an expressed constraint is not the case for a thing, then that thing is not a thing of the defined kind.A definition model is a subtype of a knowledge model and consists of a number of expressions of facts about the defined concept. Those expressions should comply with the guidelines in this standa
