1、BS ISO 16355-5:2017 Applications of statistical and related methods to new technology and product development process Part 5: Solution strategy BSI Standards Publication WB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS ISO 16355-5:2017 BRITISH STANDARD National foreword This British Standa
2、rd is the UK implementation of ISO 16355-5:2017. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee MS/6, Methodologies for business process improvement using statistical methods. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secret
3、ary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2017. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017 ISBN 978 0 580 80503 5 ICS 03.120.30 Compliance with a British Standard can
4、not confer immunity from legal obligations. This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 February 2017. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO 16355-5:2017 ISO 2017 Applications of statistical
5、and related methods to new technology and product development process Part 5: Solution strategy Application des mthodes statistiques et des mthodes lies aux nouvelles technologies et de dveloppement de produit Partie 5: Stratgie de solution INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16355-5 First edition 2017-02 Re
6、ference number ISO 16355-5:2017(E)BS ISO 16355-5:2017ISO 16355-5:2017(E)ii ISO 2017 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or
7、by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8
8、CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyrightiso.org www.iso.orgBS ISO 16355-5:2017ISO 16355-5:2017(E)Foreword v Introduction vi 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 T erms and definitions . 1 4 Management summary 1 4.1 Basic concepts of QFD . 1 4
9、.2 Evolving classical QFD into modern QFD . 2 4.2.1 General 2 4.2.2 Classical QFD . 2 4.2.3 Comprehensive QFD . 2 4.2.4 Matrix of matrices . 3 4.2.5 Modern Blitz QFD 3 4.2.6 German QFD Institute model 3 5 Integration of QFD and product development methods 4 5.1 QFD support for product development me
10、thods 4 5.2 Flow of solution development with QFD 4 5.2.1 Organization of the QFD flow 4 5.2.2 Flow charts of strategy and translation of VOC into engineering solutions and cost planning 4 6 Types of QFD projects 4 7 QFD team membership 4 7.1 QFD uses cross-functional teams 4 7.2 Core team membershi
11、p . 4 7.3 Subject matter experts . 4 7.4 QFD team leadership . 5 8 Seven management and planning tools 5 9 Translation of one information set into another 5 9.1 General . 5 9.2 Maximum value table 6 9.2.1 General 6 9.2.2 Effect-to-cause diagram . 6 9.2.3 Steps to make a maximum value table 7 9.2.4 M
12、odern QFD 10 9.3 L-matrices 10 9.3.1 General.10 9.3.2 Entering information into L-matrices 11 9.3.3 Determining effect-to-cause relationships in a QFD L-matrix.11 9.3.4 Linking matrices11 9.3.5 Comprehensive QFD 12 9.3.6 House of quality .12 9.3.7 Knowledge management .17 10 T r ansfer of prioritiza
13、tion and quantification fr om one information set int o another 17 10.1 General 17 10.2 Transfer of prioritization 18 10.2.1 Quantify strength of relationships in the matrix .18 10.2.2 Weight the rows .19 10.2.3 Calculate the column weights 20 10.2.4 Distribution methods 21 10.3 Transfer of quantifi
14、cation .24 ISO 2017 All rights reserved iii Contents PageBS ISO 16355-5:2017ISO 16355-5:2017(E)10.3.1 General.24 10.3.2 Quantify row information .24 10.3.3 Use relationship weights to connect row quantification to column quantification 25 10.3.4 Quantify column information 25 10.4 Transferring deplo
15、yment sets by dimensions and levels 37 10.4.1 Deployment sets 37 10.4.2 Quality deployment 39 10.4.3 Technology deployment .44 10.4.4 Cost deployment .64 10.4.5 Reliability deployment.67 10.4.6 Lifestyle and emotional quality deployment 79 10.5 Transferring deployment sets by levels .79 10.5.1 Gener
16、al.79 10.5.2 Function deployment 79 10.5.3 New concept engineering and deployment .79 10.5.4 Parts deployment .79 10.5.5 Manufacturing and process deployments .79 10.5.6 Project work or task management 80 11 Design optimization .80 Annex A (informative) Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) .81
17、 Annex B (informative) Cross-reference between ISO 16355 and JIS Q 9025:2003(e) .99 Bibliography .123 iv ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS ISO 16355-5:2017ISO 16355-5:2017(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO me
18、mber bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governme
19、ntal and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenanc
20、e are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives). Atten
21、tion is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction
22、 and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conf
23、ormit y assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www . i s o .org/ iso/ foreword .html. This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 69, Applications of statist
24、ical methods, Subcommittee SC 8, Application of statistical and related methodology for new technology and product development. A list of all parts in the ISO 16355 series can be found on the ISO website. ISO 2017 All rights reserved vBS ISO 16355-5:2017ISO 16355-5:2017(E) Introduction Quality Funct
25、ion Deployment (QFD) is a method to ensure customer or stakeholder satisfaction and value with new and existing products by designing in, from different levels and different perspectives, the requirements that are most important to the customer or stakeholder. These requirements can be well understo
26、od through the use of quantitative and non-quantitative tools and methods to improve confidence of the design and development phases that they are working on the right things. In addition to satisfaction with the product, QFD improves the process by which new products are developed. Reported results
27、 of using QFD include improved customer satisfaction with products at time of launch, improved cross-functional communication, systematic and traceable design decisions, efficient use of resources, reduced rework, reduced time-to-market, lower life cycle cost, improved reputation of the organization
28、 among its customers or stakeholders. This document demonstrates the dynamic nature of a customer-driven approach. Since its inception in 1966, QFD has broadened and deepened its methods and tools to respond to the changing business conditions of QFD users, their management, their customers, and the
29、ir products. Those who have used older QFD models can find these improvements make QFD easier and faster to use. The methods and tools shown and referenced in the standard represent decades of improvements to QFD; the list is neither exhaustive nor exclusive. Users can consider the applicable method
30、s and tools as suggestions, not requirements. This document is descriptive and discusses current best practice, it is not prescriptive by requiring specific tools and methods.vi ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS ISO 16355-5:2017Applications of statistical and related methods to new technology and produ
31、ct development process Part 5: Solution strategy 1 Scope This document describes the process of developing a solution strategy for new products. Since organizations can address their new product development process by a customer-driven or a technology- driven set of solutions, this document explains
32、 both alternatives. It provides recommendations on the use of the applicable tools and methods, offering guidance on translating the voice of the customer (VOC) and voice of the stakeholder (VOS) into product, service, information, and process attributes, transferring the priorities of the customer
33、and stakeholder needs into priorities for these attributes, and then developing technology, cost, and reliability plans for attributes. Users of this document include all organization functions necessary to ensure customer satisfaction, including business planning, marketing, sales, research and dev
34、elopment (R b) product requirements into component requirements; c) component requirements into manufacturing requirements; d) manufacturing requirements into process requirements. NOTE 1 Classical QFD is also called 4-phase QFD because of the four matrices used. 16These four matrices are highlighte
35、d in yellow in Figure 3. NOTE 2 The 4-phase QFD charts in this document and ISO/TR 16355-8 use improved mathematics and tighter definitions to guide the user, resulting in faster implementation and more confident results. 4.2.3 Comprehensive QFD The 4-phase QFD was readily adopted around the world f
36、or its simplicity and easy implementation. As QFD gained popularity, other industries, including finished goods, services, software and information systems, and processes struggled to make it fit their products and business models. This led adding more tools and flows to create a more comprehensive
37、approach. Comprehensive QFD ensures the quality of new products by including market research to understand customer needs as referred to in ISO 16355-2 and ISO 16355-4, translating customer needs into design quality targets, and then deploying to innovation, cost, and reliability phases. It enables
38、greater flexibility in application to a broad variety of industries including aerospace, architecture, construction, electronics, materials processing, services, and software. 124The many tools and information flows enable the user to select which ones are applicable to their project. In Figure 3, t
39、he vertical deployments are quality, technology, cost, and reliability. The horizontal deployments are customer, product, function, components, and build. The purpose of this document and ISO/TR 16355-8 is to guide users in harnessing the full capabilities of comprehensive QFD. 4.2.3.1 Quality deplo
40、yment 10.4.2 describes how product-independent customer needs are translated into functional requirements of the product, service, process, or information technology. Additionally, customer priorities and satisfaction targets are transferred into functional requirement priorities and performance tar
41、gets, independent of the enabling technology. This technology independence allows for greater freedom of design in technology deployment. Functional requirements are then deployed to components, processes, and quality assurance. 4.2.3.2 Technology deployment Either in response to unachievable produc
42、t function and performance, or in engineering-driven innovation, technology deployment matches systems and subsystems to assess how well they achieve the prioritized functions and performance targets. This can trigger additional innovation efforts, refinement of technology concepts regarding user ex
43、perience and interface, redirection of technologies 2 ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS ISO 16355-5:2017ISO 16355-5:2017(E) to more appropriate markets and customers, and establish criteria for technology assessment and selection, including costs. This is detailed in 10.4.3. 4.2.3.3 Cost deployment As
44、technologies are explored, the costs to develop and produce them must align with market price and business financial requirements such as revenues and profits. Selling price targets drive product cost targets which flow down to system, subsystem, component, and build cost targets. This flow down is
45、managed through the tables and matrices in cost deployment. Since costs are absolute and not relative, the calculations in cost deployment matrices are more precise and are detailed in 10.4.4. 4.2.3.4 Reliability deployment New technology increases risks related to many unknowns in actual customer u
46、sage, interactions with other systems provided by other suppliers, new materials, new software, and others. Risk of unknown failures can be, to some degree, forecasted based on known failures. Reliability deployment is detailed in 10.4.5. NOTE 1 The comprehensive QFD charts in this document use impr
47、oved mathematics and tighter definitions to guide the user, resulting in faster implementation and more confident results. NOTE 2 Additional tools and methods have been added to comprehensive QFD such as strategic planning and market segmentation (referred to in ISO 16355-2), voice of customer trans
48、lation into customer needs and improved mathematics (referred to in ISO 16355-4), and innovation and costing methods referred to in this document in 10.4.3.4 and 10.4.4, respectively. NOTE 3 According to the scope of the project, a subset of these deployments and their associated tools can be requir
49、ed. Management awareness that such deployments exist helps improve their directives to product development teams, monitor their process, in order to increase their confidence in the results. 4.2.4 Matrix of matrices A version of the comprehensive QFD models was developed to make the matrices easier to follow thought a systematic re-drawing of the information flows. It is called the matrix of matrices 28and displays the charts independent of each other. It is referenced in the standard when applicable. 4.2.5 Modern Blitz QFD 1) As modern bu
