1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58Part 2: Surface repellency testICS 85.060Paper and board Determination of grease resistance BRITISH
2、 STANDARDBS ISO 16532-2:2007BS ISO 16532-2:2007This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 October 2007 BSI 2007ISBN 978 0 580 56410 9Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsCompliance with a British Standard cannot co
3、nfer immunity from legal obligations. National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 16532-2:2007.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PAI/11, Methods of test for paper, board and pulps.A list of organizations represented on this commit
4、tee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Reference numberISO 16532-2:2007(E)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO16532-2First edition2007-09-15Paper and board Determ
5、ination of grease resistance Part 2: Surface repellency test Papier et carton Dtermination de limpermabilit aux graisses Partie 2: Essai de rsistance au mouillage de surface BS ISO 16532-2:2007ii iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitio
6、ns. 1 4 Principle. 2 5 Reagents 2 6 Apparatus 2 7 Sampling 3 8 Conditioning of samples 3 9 Preparation of test pieces 3 10 Procedure 3 11 Expression of results . 4 12 Precision 4 13 Test report . 4 Annex A (normative) Mixtures of reagents for preparing Kit test solutions 5 Bibliography . 6 BS ISO 16
7、532-2:2007iv Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject
8、for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) o
9、n all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees
10、are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held
11、 responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 16532-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 6, Paper, board and pulps, Subcommittee SC 2, Test methods and quality specifications for paper and board. ISO 16532 consists of the following parts, under the general title Paper and b
12、oard Determination of grease resistance: Part 1: Grease permeability method Part 2: Surface repellency test Part 3: Turpentine test for voids in glassine and greaseproof papers BS ISO 16532-2:2007vIntroduction The resistance to the penetration of fats, greases and oils by paper and board is of parti
13、cular importance for certain packaging purposes, for example the packaging of food. The packaging should not only provide an effective grease barrier, but should also deter the formation of aesthetically unacceptable grease spots on the packaging surfaces. BS ISO 16532-2:2007blank1Paper and board De
14、termination of grease resistance Part 2: Surface repellency test WARNING The method specified in this part of ISO 16532 involves the use of some hazardous chemicals, which are highly inflammable and are reported to be health hazards. Care shall be taken to ensure that the relevant safety precautions
15、 are observed. 1 Scope This part of ISO 16532 specifies a method for the determination of the grease resistance of paper and board. Primarily, it is intended to establish an approximate level of grease resistance, by testing the degree of surface repellency and/or antiwicking characteristics of pape
16、r and board, internally or surface sized with organophobic materials such as fluorocarbons. Some packaging paper and board products, designed for containing pet foods, food for human consumption and other materials, are produced in this way, and any surface stains, due to grease wetting or penetrati
17、ng the paper or board surface, are aesthetically unacceptable. This test is not intended to determine the permeability of grease through the paper or board, for which ISO 16532-1 applies. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document
18、. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 186, Paper and board Sampling to determine average quality ISO 187, Paper, board and pulps Standard atmosphere for conditioning and te
19、sting and procedure for monitoring the atmosphere and conditioning of samples 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 grease resistance ability of paper or board to resist the formation of surface spots or stains or the permeation of
20、grease through the sheet 3.2 surface repellency ability of the surface of the paper or board to resist any wetting reaction to applied grease materials BS ISO 16532-2:20072 3.3 Kit rating highest number for a series of test solutions that can be placed on the surface of the paper or board without ca
21、using a wetting interaction by darkening the paper or board surface NOTE A higher number implies a better grease resistance for the sample tested. 4 Principle A range of numbered solutions referred to as Kit ratings is prepared, consisting of a mixture of castor oil and two solvents. Differing degre
22、es of dilution of the oil with the solvents provides varying degrees of “aggressiveness”, and therefore different Kit ratings for the solution to be applied. A drop of one such solution is applied to the paper or board surface and the end-point is determined by establishing which of the solutions is
23、 the first to cause a wetting interaction by darkening the paper or board surface. 5 Reagents 5.1 Castor oil, analytical grade. 5.2 n-Heptane, analytical grade. 5.3 Toluene, analytical grade. 5.4 Kit test solutions, prepared from the above reagents using the ratio of mixtures shown in Table A.1 in A
24、nnex A. 6 Apparatus 6.1 Absorbent tissue or cotton swatch (examples, cotton cloth or filter paper), to wipe away Kit test solutions at the end of the test. 6.2 Balance, capable of weighing 2 000 g to within 0,1 g. 6.3 Graduated cylinders, made of glass, of capacity 100 ml and 500 ml; for preparing K
25、it test solutions. 6.4 Stock bottles, made of glass, with foil-lined caps, glass stoppers, or polythene-lined caps to prevent evaporation losses; for prepared Kit test solutions. 6.5 Stopwatch or timer. 6.6 Test bottles, with glass stoppers and glass eye-droppers; for use during testing. 6.7 Testing
26、 area, located in a laboratory with a conditioned atmosphere (see 10.1). The testing area should be a clean, dark bench top with bright, uniform lighting. If the bench top does not have a dark surface, each test piece will need to be backed up with a darker material before testing. BS ISO 16532-2:20
27、0737 Sampling If the test is being carried out on a lot or consignment of paper or board, the sample shall be selected in accordance with ISO 186. If the test is being made on another type of sample, report the source of the sample and, if possible, the sampling procedure used. Make sure that the te
28、st pieces taken are representative of the paper or board sample. 8 Conditioning of samples Condition samples in accordance with ISO 187, at 23 C 1 C and 50 % 2 % relative humidity. 9 Preparation of test pieces From each sample, cut 10 test pieces with a dimension of at least 50 mm 150 mm. Label or i
29、dentify, in some manner, each side of the test specimen. Use care when handling the test pieces. The use of plastic gloves to protect the sample is recommended. Do not test in an area that has fingerprints, oil from a previous test, or any other defects in the test piece which may affect the results
30、. 10 Procedure 10.1 The test shall be carried out in a conditioned room, having a temperature of 23 C 1 C and 50 % 2 % relative humidity. Carry out at least 5 determinations on the side to be tested. If the side to be in contact with the fatty product is known, test this side. If not, test both side
31、s. 10.2 Place each test piece on a clean, flat surface, with the test side uppermost, in the testing area (6.7). 10.3 Select one of the test pieces and a Kit test solution (5.4) of intermediate number contained in one of the test bottles (6.6). From a height of about 10 mm, gently release a drop of
32、the test solution from the test bottle onto the surface of the test piece, and start the timer (6.5). Ensure that the glass eye-dropper of the test bottle does not touch the surface of the test piece. 10.4 After 15 s quickly remove the excess test solution with a clean tissue or cotton swatch (6.1)
33、and immediately examine the surface to which the test solution was applied. The end-point of the test is denoted by a darkening of any part of the paper or board surface where the test solution was applied. NOTE 1 If the surface where the testing solution was applied is not examined immediately, vol
34、atile components of the test solution will be lost and the testing spot may regain its original light-reflectance value and the end-point of the test will not have been reached. NOTE 2 Darkening of the paper or board surface is a result of wetting of the test piece by the test solution. NOTE 3 Detec
35、tion of the end-point may be difficult in paper or board which has been highly refined, or in sheets which have a low thickness and opacity. 10.5 If the end-point is attained on this first test, select an untested area on the same test piece and repeat the procedure in 10.3 and 10.4 using a lower te
36、st solution number. Continue this procedure until the highest numbered test solution that does not exhibit an end-point (as in 10.4) is identified. The number of this test solution is the Kit rating for the test piece. Repeat the above procedure for the remaining four test pieces and record their Ki
37、t ratings. NOTE Results from the first test can be used as an indication of which test solution to use for the first drop on the remaining four test pieces. BS ISO 16532-2:20074 11 Expression of results Calculate the mean Kit rating to the nearest even Kit rating number and note the maximum and mini
38、mum values of the five test pieces, for each sample of paper or board. 12 Precision Twelve samples of paper, representing Kit ratings of 1 to 12, were subjected to an international round-robin exercise by 5 laboratories. The results were statistically analysed for repeatability and reproducibility a
39、nd these values are recorded in Table 1. Table 1 Estimates of test method precision Repeatability Repeatability ratio Reproducibility Reproducibility ratio Expected Kit ratings r % R % 1 to 5 1,0 10,0 0,8 30,0 6 to 9 0,9 10,5 3,8 45,0 10 to 12 0,6 6,0 1,5 14,0 The results show good repeatability wit
40、hin laboratories and a good reproducibility between laboratories for high Kit ratings. A lower reproducibility between laboratories is evident, particularly for mid-range Kit ratings, which reflects the subjective nature of the test. 13 Test report The test report shall include the following informa
41、tion: a) a reference to this part of ISO 16532; b) all information for a complete identification of the sample; c) date and place of testing; d) conditioning atmosphere used; e) identification of the side or sides tested; f) the mean Kit rating rounded to the nearest even Kit rating number for each
42、sample; g) the number of test results obtained to determine the mean for each sample; h) the maximum and minimum test results for each sample; i) any departure from this part of ISO 16532 and any circumstances that may have affected the results. BS ISO 16532-2:20075Annex A (normative) Mixtures of re
43、agents for preparing Kit test solutions Table A.1 Mixtures of reagents for preparing Kit test solutions1Kit rating Castor oil Toluene n-Heptane Solution number g ml ml 1 960,0 0 0 2 864,0 50 50 3 768,0 100 100 4 672,0 150 150 5 576,0 200 200 6 480,0 250 250 7 384,0 300 300 8 288,0 350 350 9 192,0 40
44、0 400 10 96,0 450 450 11 0 500 500 12 0 450 550 For certain applications, the range of Kit ratings may be extended beyond 12 by continuing to adjust the proportion of toluene and n-heptane. If this is done, the report shall clearly state the ratio of toluene to n-heptane used to arrive at the extend
45、ed Kit rating. Do not measure the reagents by addition, since there will be a loss of volume by mixing. NOTE Weight measurements are used for castor oil (5.1) as its high viscosity makes volume measurements less accurate. The density of castor oil is between 0,957 g/ml and 0,961 g/ml at 25 C, and a
46、value of 0,960 g/ml is used for the purposes of calculation. Any increase in the density of castor oil by its use at 23 C is insignificant. Store the solutions in labelled stock bottles (6.4). As required, fill each test bottle (6.6) with the appropriate Kit number solution from the stock bottles. T
47、he stock and test bottles should be tightly closed when not in use, to prevent loss of solvent from evaporation (and a consequent change in composition and properties of the solution). It is recommended that solutions in the stock bottles should be renewed every two months. The solutions in the test
48、 bottles should be changed regularly depending on usage. For frequent daily usage, solutions should be replaced weekly with fresh solution from the stock bottles; for less frequent usage, a monthly change is adequate. BS ISO 16532-2:20076 Bibliography 1 TAPPI test method T 559 cm-02, Grease resistan
49、ce test for paper and paperboard, Tappi Press, Atlanta, GA, USA 2 LANGE, J., PELLETIER, C. and WYSER, Y. Novel method for testing the grease resistance of pet food packaging. Packaging Technology Science, 2002, 15, pp. 65-74 BS ISO 16532-2:2007blankBS ISO BSI389 Chiswick High RoadLondonW4 4AL16532-2:2007BSI British Standards InstitutionBSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level.
