1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 16714:2008Earth-moving machinery Recyclability and recoverability Terminology andcalculation methodBS ISO 16714:2008 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard
2、 is the UK implementation of ISO 16714:2008. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee B/513/1, Earth moving machinery (International). A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purpor
3、t to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. BSI 2011 ISBN 978 0 580 58388 9 ICS 53.100 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Stand
4、ards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2011.Amendments issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO 16714:2008Reference numberISO 16714:2008(E) ISO 2008INTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO16714First edition2008-09-15Earth-moving machinery Recyclabilityand recoverability Terminology and cal
5、culation method Engins de terrassement Recyclabilit et rcuprabilit Terminologie et mthode de calculBS ISO 16714:2008ISO 16714:2008(E)PDF disclaimerThisPDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed butshall not be edited unless
6、 the typefac es which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. Indownloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobes licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariatacceptsnoliability in thisarea.Adobe is a trademark of Ado
7、be Systems Incorporated.Details ofthe software products used to create thisPDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file;the PDF-creationparameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. Inthe unlikely
8、 eventthat a problem relating to it isfound, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2008 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,electronic or mec
9、hanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below orISOs member body in the country ofthe requester.ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.
10、org ii ISO 2008 All rights reservedBS ISO 16714:2008ISO 16714:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved iiiForeword ISO(the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies(ISOmember bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally c
11、arried out throughISOtechnical committees. Each member bodyinterested in a subject forwhich a technical committee hasbeen established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmentaland non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
12、collaborates closely with theInternational Electrotechnical Com mission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordancewith the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.The main task of technical committees is to prepare International
13、Standards. Draft International Standardsadopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval byat least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements
14、of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying an y or all such patent rights. ISO16714 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC127, Earth-moving machinery , SubcommitteeSC 3, Machine characteristics, electrical and electronic systems, opera
15、tion and maintenance. BS ISO 16714:2008ISO 16714:2008(E)iv ISO 2008 All rights reservedIntroduction End-of-life machines contribute to the total volume of waste to be treated. As part of the machine life cycle,it is essential that recoveryissues be taken into consideration during the design phase to
16、 ensureenvironmentally sound treatment. Today, recycling has to be taken into account in addition to safe ty, emissions and fuel consumption whendesigning a machine. Consequently, there is need for an indicator to evaluate the ability and potential of new machines to be recovered/recycled. The metho
17、d for calculating recyclability and recoverability rates specified by this International Standard (similar to the one specified in ISO22 628:2002 for road vehicles) is based on four main stages inspired by the treatment of end-of-life machines. Recyclability/recoverability rates depend on the design
18、 and material properties of new machines and on the consideration of proven technologies those technologies which have been successfully tested, at least on a laboratoryscale, in th is context. The calculation method of this International Standard cannot in detail reflect the real process that will
19、beapplied to the machine at the end of its life. BS ISO 16714:2008INTERNATIONAL STANDA RD ISO 16714:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 1Earth-moving machinery Recyclability and recoverability Terminology and calculation method1 Scope This International Standard specifies a method, and defines rela
20、ted terms,for calculating the recyclability rateand the recoverabilityrate of earth-moving machineryas defined in ISO 6165, each expressed as apercentage by mass (mass fraction in percent) of the machine, which can potentiallybe recycled, reused or both (recyclability rate),or recovered, reused or b
21、oth (recoverability rate).NOTE Remanufacturing is included in re-use. The calculation can be performed by the machine manufacturer from the time when a machine isinitially put on the market. 2 NormativereferencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this documen
22、t. For datedreferences, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenceddocument (including anyamendments) applies.ISO 6016, Earth-moving machinery Methods of measuring the masses of whole machines, their equipmentand componentsISO 6165, Earth-moving machi
23、nery Basic types Identification and terms and definitions3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 6016 and the following apply.3.1 dismantlability abilityof component parts to be removed from the machine NOTE Adapted from ISO 22628:2002, defin
24、ition 3.5. 3.2 end-of-life machine machine that has completed its useful life and is taken out of service for disposal BS ISO 16714:2008ISO 16714:2008(E)2 ISO 2008 All rights reserved3.3 recoveryreprocessing in a production process of the waste materials for the original purpose or for other purpose
25、s, together with processing as a means of generating energyISO 22628:2002, definition 3.4 NOTE See Figure 1. 3.4 recoverabilityabilityof component parts, materials or both that can be diverted from an end-of-life stream to be recovered ISO 22628:2002, definition 3.9 3.5 recoverability rate R covperc
26、entage by mass (mass fraction in percent) of the new machine potentiallyable to be recovered, reused orboth NOTE 1 Adapted from ISO 22628:2002, definition 3.10. NOTE 2 See Figure 1. 3.6 recycling reprocessing in a production process of the waste materials for the original purpose or for other purpos
27、es, excluding processing as a means of generating energyISO 22628:2002, definition 3.3 NOTE See Figure 1. 3.7 recyclabilityabilityof component parts, materials or both that can be diverted from an end-of-life stream to be recycled ISO 22628:2002, definition 3.7 3.8 recyclability rateR cycpercentage
28、by mass (mass fraction in percent) of the new machine potentially able to be recycled, reused orboth NOTE 1 Adapted from ISO 22628:2002, definition 3.8. NOTE 2 See Figure 1. 3.9 remanufacturing process by which value is added to component parts of end-of-life machines in order to return them to thei
29、roriginal same-as-new condition or better3.10 reusabilityabilityof component parts that can be diverted from an end-of-life stream to be reused ISO 22628:2002, definition 3.6 BS ISO 16714:2008ISO 16714:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 33.11 re-use , nounanyoperation bywhich component parts of en
30、d-of-life machines are used for the same purpose forwhic h theywere conceived NOTE 1 Re-useincludes remanufacturing (3.9). NOTE 2 See Figure 1. NOTE 3 Adapted from ISO 22628:2002, definition 3.2. 3.12 total shipping massm Smass of the base machine without an operator, with the fuel level at 10% of t
31、ank capacity or with the minimumfuel level needed for machine shipping purposes as specified by the manufacturer, whichever ishigher, with all fluid systems at the levels specified by the manufacturer and with empty sprinkler tank(s), ifrequired, and with equipment, ballast, attachment, cab, canopy,
32、 operator-protective structures, wheels andcounterweights as specified by the manufacturer and being designated for his production version NOTE1If the manufacturer intends that the machine be partially disassembled for shipping purposes, the masses ofthe disassembled items are also stated. NOTE 2 Se
33、e Figure 1. RecoveryUndefined residue(Component parts) (Materials) (Materials) Re-useRecycling Energy recoveryRecyclability rateaRecoverability ratea(Materials) Total shipping mass a As a percentage of machine mass. Figure 1 Key terms Overview4 Mass variables used in the calculation Table 1 presents
34、 and describes the symbols for the mass variables used in calculating the recyclability and recoverability rates. Table 1 Variable masses and their symbols Symbol Description m P mass of materials taken into account at the pretreatment stepm D mass of materials taken into account at the dismantling
35、stepm M mass of metals taken into account at the metals separation step m Tr mass of materials taken into account at the non-metallic residue treatment step and which can be considered as recyclable m Te mass of materials taken into account at the non-metallic residue treatment step and which can be
36、 considered for energy recoverym S total shipping mass Allmasses are expressed in kilograms.BS ISO 16714:2008ISO 16714:2008(E)4 ISO 2008 All rights reserved5 Calculation method 5.1 General The calculation of the recyclability and recoverability rates is carried out through the following four steps o
37、na new machine, forwhich component parts, materials or both can be taken into account at each step: a) pretreatment; b) dismantling;c) metalsseparation; d) non-metallic residue treatment. A partial mass, m P , m D or m M , is determined, respectively, at each of the first three steps (see 5.3.1 to 5
38、.3.3), while the partial masses m Tr and m Te are determined at the final step (see 5.3.4). Annexes A and B give data presentation and a schematic representation of the method. 5.2 Materials breakdown The materials breakdown, including the machine component parts, materials orboth, is established by
39、 theirclassification into the following categories: a) metals; b) polymers, excluding elastomers; c) elastomers; d) glass;e) fluids; f) modified organic natural materials (MONM), such as leather,wood, cardboard and cotton fleece; g) others (components, materials or both, for which a detailed materia
40、l breakdown cannot be established,e.g. compounds, electronics, electrics). The total mass of each category can then be determined (see Annex A). This breakdown may be done at each step of the calculation for each partial massmentioned in 5.1. 5.3 Determination of m P , m D , m M , m Tr and m Te5.3.1
41、 Pretreatment Determination of m PAt this step, at least the following machine component parts, materials or both shall be taken into account: allfluids; batteries; oilfilters; tyres;BS ISO 16714:2008ISO 16714:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 5 tyrewheels; roller drum; rubbertrack; rubber shoe p
42、ads; bucket; catalyticconverters; urea tank. NOTE Fluids include fuel, engine oil, machine hydraulic system oil, transmission/gearbox oil (including differential ortransfer box or both), power steering oil, coolant, brake fluid, shock absorber fluid, air conditioning refrigerant, windscreenwasher fl
43、uid, engine mountingoil and hydraulic suspension fluid. For the purposes of the calculation, these component parts and materials are considered reusable orrecyclable.Determine the mass, m P , as the sum of the masses ofthese component parts and materials.5.3.2 Dismantling Determination of m DAt this
44、 step, certain other of the machines reusable or recyclable component partsmaybe taken into account,based on the following. As a general requirement, a component part shall be considered reusable, recyclable or both based on itsdismantlability, assessed by accessibility, fastening technology,and pro
45、ven dismantling technologies.NOTE Certain component parts can be reusable through the remanufacturing procedure, based on design life as wellas proven remanufacturing technologies and processes.As a specific requirement, a component part shall be considered recy clable based on its material composit
46、ion, and proven recycling technologies.In order to be recyclable, a component part or material shall be linked to a proven recycling technology. At this step, at least the following machine component parts, materials or both shall also be taken intoaccount: engine; hydraulic circuit components (hydr
47、aulic pump, hydraulic control valve, swing drive motor, travel drive motor, etc.) excepting flexible hoses, filter cartridges and accumulators; operators cab, including windowglass, cab door (if disassembling possible) and operators seat; BS ISO 16714:2008ISO 16714:2008(E)6 ISO 2008 All rights reser
48、ved boom; arm; counterweight; suspension system.The reusability of a component part shall also be subject to considerations of safety and environmentalhazards.Determine the mass, m D , as the sum of the masses ofall parts considered as reusable or recyclable. 5.3.3Metals separation Determination of
49、m MAt this step, all metals, both ferrous and non-ferrous, that have not alreadybeen accounted for in the previoussteps shall be taken into account. Both ferrous and non-ferrousmetals are considered as recyclable. Determine the mass, m M , as the sum of the mass of the metal remaining in the machine after the previoussteps. 5.3.4 Non-metallic residue treatment Determination of m Tr and m TeOther materials remaining (i.e. those not taken into account at the pretreatm
