1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 16740:2005 Workplace air Determination of hexavalent chromium in airborne particulate matter Method by ion chromatography and spectrophotometric measurement using diphenyl carbazide ICS 13.040.30 BS ISO 16740:2005 This British Standard was published under the authority of the
2、 Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 24 February 2005 BSI 24 February 2005 ISBN 0 580 45558 0 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 16740:2005 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee
3、EH/2, Air quality, to Subcommittee EH/2/2, Workplace atmospheres, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international publications referred to in th
4、is document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a co
5、ntract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals
6、 for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to vi, pages 1 to 40, an inside back cover and a back co
7、ver. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments Reference number ISO 16740:2005(E) OSI 5002INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16740 First edition 2005-02-01 Workplace air Determination of hexaval
8、ent chromium in airborne particulate matter Method by ion chromatography and spectrophotometric measurement using diphenyl carbazide Air des lieux de travail Dtermination du chrome hexavalent dans les particules en suspension dans lair Mthode par chromatographie ionique et dtection spectrophotomtriq
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14、04761 O5002(E) I SO 5002 All irthgs ersedevr iiiContents Page Foreword. v Introduction . vi 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 2 3.1 General definitions 2 3.2 Particle size fraction definitions 3 3.3 Sampling definitions. 3 3.4 Analytical definitions 4 3.5 Statistical term
15、s 5 4 Principle . 6 5 Reactions . 7 6 Requirement 7 7 Reagents 7 8 Apparatus. 10 8.1 Sampling equipment. 10 8.2 Laboratory apparatus . 12 9 Occupational exposure assessment. 15 9.1 General. 15 9.2 Personal sampling 15 9.3 Static sampling 16 9.4 Selection of measurement conditions and measurement pat
16、tern. 16 10 Sampling method 17 10.1 Preliminary considerations 17 10.2 Preparation for sampling 18 10.3 Sampling position . 19 10.4 Collection of samples . 19 10.5 Transportation. 20 11 Analysis 21 11.1 Analytical requirements . 21 11.2 Preparation of solutions for determination of soluble hexavalen
17、t chromium compounds 22 11.3 Preparation of solutions for determination of insoluble hexavalent chromium compounds. 23 11.4 Instrumental analysis . 25 11.5 Estimation of detection and quantification limits 27 11.6 Quality control. 27 11.7 Measurement uncertainty. 28 12 Expression of results 28 13 Me
18、thod performance. 29 13.1 Sample collection and stability . 29 13.2 Hotplate extraction 29 13.3 Ultrasonic extraction 29 13.4 Interferences 29 14 Special cases. 30 14.1 Spray-painting . 30 BSISO16740:2005IS:04761 O5002(E) iv I SO 5002 All irthgs ersedevr14.2 Action to be taken when particles have be
19、come dislodged from the filter during transportation 30 15 Test report30 15.1 Test record .30 15.2 Laboratory report 31 Annex A (informative) Temperature and pressure corrections .32 Annex B (informative) Background on methods for determination of hexavalent chromium in air and guidance on their use
20、34 Bibliography38 BSISO16740:2005IS:04761 O5002(E) I SO 5002 All irthgs ersedevr vForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out throug
21、h ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborat
22、es closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standard
23、s. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of thi
24、s document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 16740 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 146, Air quality, Subcommittee SC 2, Workplace atmospheres. BSISO16740:2005IS:04761 O5002(E) vi I SO 5002 All irthgs e
25、rsedevrIntroduction The health of workers in many industries is at risk through exposure by inhalation of hexavalent chromium compounds. Industrial hygienists and other public health professionals need to determine the effectiveness of measures taken to control workers exposure, and this is generall
26、y achieved by making workplace air measurements. This International Standard has been published in order to make available a method for making valid exposure measurements for hexavalent chromium compounds used in industry. It will be of benefit to agencies concerned with health and safety at work; i
27、ndustrial hygienists and other public health professionals; analytical laboratories; industrial users of hexavalent chromium compounds and their workers. It has been assumed in the drafting of this International Standard that the execution of its provisions, and the interpretation of the results obt
28、ained, is entrusted to appropriately qualified and experienced people. BSISO16740:2005INTENRATIONAL TSANDADR IS:04761 O5002(E)I SO 5002 All irthgs ersedevr 1Workplace air Determination of hexavalent chromium in airborne particulate matter Method by ion chromatography and spectrophotometric measureme
29、nt using diphenyl carbazide 1 Scope This International Standard specifies a method for the determination of the time-weighted average mass concentration of hexavalent chromium in workplace air. Separate sample preparation methods are specified for the extraction of soluble and insoluble hexavalent c
30、hromium. The method for insoluble hexavalent chromium can also be used to prepare samples for determination of total hexavalent chromium, if desired. This International Standard is applicable to the personal sampling of the inhalable fraction of airborne particles, as defined in ISO 7708, and to sta
31、tic (area) sampling. The analytical method is applicable to the determination of masses of 0,01 g to 10 g of hexavalent chromium per sample, without dilution. The concentration range of hexavalent chromium in air for which the measuring procedure is applicable is determined by the sampling method se
32、lected by the user (see 10.1). For a 1 m 3air sample, without sample dilution, the working range is approximately 0,01 gm 3to 10 gm 3 . 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited appli
33、es. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 648, Laboratory glassware One-mark pipettes ISO 1042, Laboratory glassware One-mark volumetric flasks ISO 3585, Borosilicate glass 3.3 Properties ISO 3696, Water for analytical laborator
34、y use Specification and test methods ISO 7708:1995, Air quality Particle size fraction definitions for health-related sampling ISO 8655-1, Piston-operated volumetric apparatus Part 1: Terminology, general requirements and user recommendations ISO 8655-2, Piston-operated volumetric apparatus Part 2:
35、Piston pipettes ISO 8655-5, Piston-operated volumetric apparatus Part 5: Dispensers ISO 8655-6, Piston-operated volumetric apparatus Part 6: Gravimetric methods for the determination of measurement error EN 13205, Workplace atmospheres Assessment of performance of instruments for measurement of airb
36、orne particle concentrations BSISO16740:2005IS:04761 O5002(E) 2 I SO 5002 All irthgs ersedevr3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 General definitions 3.1.1 chemical agent any chemical element or compound, on its own or admixed, as
37、it occurs in the natural state or as produced, used or released, including release as waste by any work activity, whether or not produced intentionally and whether or not placed on the market EN 1540 1 3.1.2 breathing zone general definition space around the workers face from where he or she takes h
38、is or her breath 3.1.3 breathing zone technical definition hemisphere (generally accepted to be 0,3 m in radius) extending in front of the human face, centred on the midpoint of a line joining the ears; the base of the hemisphere is a plane through this line, the top of the head and the larynx NOTE
39、1 This definition is not applicable when respiratory protective equipment is used. NOTE 2 Adapted from EN 1540 1 . 3.1.4 exposure by inhalation situation in which a chemical agent is present in air which is inhaled by a person 3.1.5 measuring procedure procedure for sampling and analysing one or mor
40、e chemical agents in the air and including storage and transportation of the sample 3.1.6 operating time period during which a sampling pump can be operated at specified flow rate and back pressure without recharging or replacing the battery EN 1232 2 3.1.7 time-weighted average concentration TWA co
41、ncentration concentration of a chemical agent in the atmosphere, averaged over the reference period NOTE A more detailed discussion of TWA concentrations is available in Reference 3. 3.1.8 limit value reference figure for concentration of a chemical agent in air NOTE An example is the Threshold Limi
42、t Value (TLV) for a given substance in workplace air, as established by the American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) 3 . BSISO16740:2005IS:04761 O5002(E) I SO 5002 All irthgs ersedevr 33.1.9 reference period specified period of time stated for the limit value of a specific che
43、mical agent NOTE Examples of limit values for different reference periods are short-term and long-term exposure limits, such as those established by the ACGIH 3 . 3.1.10 workplace defined area(s) in which the work activities are carried out EN 1540 1 3.2 Particle size fraction definitions 3.2.1 inha
44、lable convention target specification for sampling instruments when the inhalable fraction is of interest ISO 7708 3.2.2 inhalable fraction mass fraction of total airborne particles which is inhaled through the nose and mouth NOTE The inhalable fraction depends on the speed and direction of air move
45、ment, on breathing rate and other factors. ISO 7708 3.2.3 respirable convention target specification for sampling instruments when the respirable fraction is of interest ISO 7708 3.2.4 respirable fraction mass fraction of inhaled particles penetrating to the unciliated airways ISO 7708 3.2.5 total a
46、irborne particles all particles surrounded by air in a given volume of air NOTE Because all measuring instruments are size-selective to some extent, it is often impossible to measure the concentration of total airborne particles. ISO 7708 3.3 Sampling definitions 3.3.1 personal sampler device attach
47、ed to a person that samples air in the breathing zone EN 1540 1 BSISO16740:2005IS:04761 O5002(E) 4 I SO 5002 All irthgs ersedevr3.3.2 personal sampling process of sampling carried out using a personal sampler EN 1540 1 3.3.3 sampler device for collecting airborne particles NOTE Instruments used to c
48、ollect airborne particles are frequently referred to by a number of other terms, e.g. sampling heads, filter holders, filter cassettes, etc. 3.3.4 static sampling area sampling process of air sampling carried out in a particular location 3.3.5 static sampler area sampler device, not attached to a pe
49、rson, used in static sampling 3.4 Analytical definitions 3.4.1 blank solution solution prepared by taking a reagent blank, laboratory blank or field blank through the same procedure used for sample dissolution 3.4.2 calibration blank solution calibration solution prepared without the addition of any working standard solution NOTE The concentration of the analyte(s
