1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 16781:2013Space systems Simulationrequirements for controlsystemBS ISO 16781:2013 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 16781:2013.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee ACE/68/-/1,
2、Space systems and operations - Design,Engineering and Production.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication.
3、The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 80471 7ICS 49.140Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 No
4、vember 2013.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 16781:2013 ISO 2013Space systems Simulation requirements for control systemSystmes spatiaux Exigences de simulation pour le systme de contrleINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO16781First edition2013-11-15Reference numberISO 16781:2013(E)B
5、S ISO 16781:2013ISO 16781:2013(E)ii ISO 2013 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2013All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or
6、posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyri
7、ghtiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandBS ISO 16781:2013ISO 16781:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword vIntroduction vi1 Scope . 12 Terms and definitions . 13 Abbreviated terms 34 Control system simulation . 34.1 Structure of control system 34.2 Objectives of contr
8、ol system simulation . 44.3 Mathematical simulation and HITL simulation 54.4 Simulation in different phases . 54.5 Simulation process 85 General requirements . 95.1 General . 95.2 Project level requirements 95.3 Simulation model requirements . 105.4 Simulation facility requirements 115.5 Simulation
9、operation requirements 125.6 Simulation result analysis requirements. 125.7 Other document requirements 126 Requirements of conceptual design phase simulation 146.1 General 146.2 Objective 156.3 Input 156.4 Output 156.5 Simulation model requirements . 156.6 Simulation facility requirements 166.7 Sim
10、ulation operation requirements 167 Requirements of detailed design phase simulation .167.1 General 167.2 Objective 177.3 Input 177.4 Output 177.5 Simulation model requirements . 177.6 Simulation facility requirements 177.7 Simulation operation requirements 188 Requirements of prototype phase simulat
11、ion 188.1 General 188.2 Objective 188.3 Input 198.4 Output 198.5 Simulation model requirements . 198.6 Simulation facility requirements 198.7 Simulation operation requirements 209 Requirements of integrated system phase simulation 209.1 General 209.2 Objective 219.3 Input 219.4 Output 219.5 Simulati
12、on model requirements . 219.6 Simulation facility requirements 219.7 Simulation operation requirements 22BS ISO 16781:2013ISO 16781:2013(E)iv ISO 2013 All rights reservedAnnex A (normative) Phase comparison between ISO 14300 and ISO 16781 .23Annex B (normative) Relationship between simulation phases
13、 and tables .24BS ISO 16781:2013ISO 16781:2013(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each m
14、ember body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International
15、Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different typ
16、es of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be
17、 held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is inform
18、ation given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the
19、 following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 20, Aircraft and space vehicles, Subcommittee SC 14, SC14 Space Systems and Operations. ISO 2013 All rights reserved vBS ISO 16781:2013ISO 16781:2013(E)IntroductionThis International Standard pr
20、ovides space system control system engineers, simulation engineers and customers with guidance of use simulation to support their system engineering tasks. This International Standard is intended to help reduce the develop time and cost of space system control system design and also enhance its qual
21、ity and reliability. This International Standard focuses on requirements and recommendations for what should be done during simulation. It does not prescribe how the requirements are to be met.vi ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS ISO 16781:2013Space systems Simulation requirements for control system1 S
22、copeThis International Standard provides guidance to control system engineers on what to simulate and how to use simulation to support their system engineering tasks. Ground testing limitations typically preclude a comprehensive “test as you fly” approach to most space system control systems. Likewi
23、se, flight tests are prohibitively expensive. Therefore, high-fidelity simulation models of the control system components must be validated. Wherever, possible ground test results should be compared to simulation model outputs. Validated models are then used in various simulation environments to pre
24、dict flight performance. As an important means of design, analysis and validation, simulation of the control system is widely used in each phase of the control system development, including conceptual design, detailed design, prototype validation, and integrated system verification. This Internation
25、al Standard provides simulation requirements of control system for different phases in the process of designing a control system. Control system engineers can carry out various types of simulation experiments during various phases, according to this International Standard. This International Standar
26、d establishes a minimum set of requirements for simulation of control system. The requirements are generic in nature because of their broad applicability to all types of simulations. Implementation details of the requirements should be addressed in project-specific standards, requirements, handbooks
27、, etc.In general, standards can focus on engineering/technical requirements, processes, procedures, practices, or methods. This International Standard focuses on requirements and recommendations. Hence, this International Standard specifies what must be done; it does not prescribe how the requiremen
28、ts are to be met, nor does it specify who the responsible team is for complying with the requirements. Conflicts between this International Standard and other requirements documents shall be resolved by the responsible technical designer.2 Terms and definitions2.1accuracymeasure of how close a value
29、 is to the “true” valueSOURCE: ISO 14952-1:20032.2control systemclosed-loop configuration of sensors, processors/algorithms, and actuators designed to manage the dynamic behavior of space systems2.3emulatorprototype of the flight equipment, which has the identical input/output interfaces as the flig
30、ht equipment and has similar operating behaviour2.4fidelitydegree to which a model or simulation reproduces the state and behaviour of a real world object or the perception of a real world object, feature, condition, or chosen standard in a measurable or perceivable manner2.5hardware in the loop sim
31、ulationkind of simulation, in which some simulation models of control system are implemented by real equipmentINTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16781:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 16781:2013ISO 16781:2013(E)2.6mathematical simulationkind of simulation, in which all the simulation models of c
32、ontrol system are implemented by software2.7real-time simulationkind of simulation, in which the time scale of dynamic process in simulation model strictly equals to that of the real system2.8reliabilityability of an item to perform a required function under given conditions for a given time interva
33、lSOURCE: ISO 10795:20112.9simulationuse of a similar or equivalent system to imitate a real system, so that it behaves like or appears to be the real system2.10simulation of control systemcomplex progress of building simulation system based on the mathematical model of control system, testing the mo
34、del, solving the system dynamic equations, imitating dynamic behaviors of control system, and taking qualitative and quantitative analysis and research about scheme, structure, parameters, and performance of control system2.11simulation modelequivalent model in the simulation system, which is transf
35、ormed from mathematical model of control system by means of simulation software or hardware2.12simulation plandocument in which the content, operate steps, and implement method of all simulation items are specified2.13stabilityability of a system submitted to bound external disturbances to remain in
36、definitely in a bounded domain around an equilibrium position or around an equilibrium trajectory2.14validationconfirmation, through the provision of objective evidence, that the requirements for a specific intended use or application have been fulfilledNote 1 to entry: The term “validated” is used
37、to designate the corresponding status.Note 2 to entry: The use conditions for validation can be real or simulated.Note 3 to entry: Validation can be determined by a combination of test, analysis, demonstration, and inspection.SOURCE: ISO 10795:20112.15verificationconfirmation through the provision o
38、f objective evidence that specified requirements have been fulfilledNote 1 to entry: The term “verified” is used to designate the corresponding status.Note 2 to entry: Confirmation can comprise activities such as2 ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS ISO 16781:2013ISO 16781:2013(E)performing alternative c
39、alculations,comparing a new design specification with a similar proven design specification,undertaking tests and demonstrations, andreviewing documents prior to issue.Note 3 to entry: Verification can be determined by a combination of test, analysis, demonstration, and inspection.SOURCE: ISO 10795:
40、20113 Abbreviated termsTable 1 Abbreviated termsA/D Analog/ Digital TransformCM Configuration ManagementD/A Digital/Analog TransformDI/DO Digital Input/Digital OutputHITL Hardware-in-the-LoopMb) verify and optimize the control system parameters;c) analyse the stability and robustness of the control
41、system;d) emulate control system faults that can occur in flight;e) predict the performance of control system;f) comprehensively verify functions of control system components;4 ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS ISO 16781:2013ISO 16781:2013(E)g) minimize the scheme design iteration;h) shorten the develo
42、pment time;i) minimize the development budget.4.3 Mathematical simulation and HITL simulationCompared to mathematical simulation, the structure of HITL simulation system is more complex. It can reflect the hardware/software characteristics of control system, and verify the functions/ performances of
43、 control system (e.g. interface matching properties). Generally, HITL simulation should be done after mathematical simulation.The corresponding relationship between simulation types and practical control system is listed in Table 2.Table 2 Relationship between simulation types and practical control
44、systemParts of control sys-temMathematical simulationHITL simulationVehicle dynamicsMathematical mod-elsMathematical model and motion simulator (turn table, robotic arm, air bearing)SensorsPhysical device (either flight hardware or engineering development hardware) or equivalent mathematical model o
45、f sensorsFlight control com-puterPhysical device (either flight hardware, engineering hardware, or emulator)Servos and actuatorsEquivalent servo/actuator mathematical model or Physical device (either flight hardware or engineering development hardware)Flight environment Emulator or mathematical mode
46、l4.4 Simulation in different phasesDesign of control system is not a simple iterative process. It can be divided into conceptual design phase, detailed design phase, prototype phase, and integrated system phase. Simulation is demanded in each phase in order to realize flight equivalent examples for
47、the control system validation or equipment verification. Relationship between each design phase and simulation can be described in Figure 2. ISO 2013 All rights reserved 5BS ISO 16781:2013ISO 16781:2013(E)Figure 2 Relationship between each design phase and simulationIn the conceptual design phase si
48、mulation, mathematical simulation is used for control system architecture and conceptual design studies. This pure software simulation environment supports the identification of optional control system architecture/top level design that meets both mission performance requirements and stability robus
49、tness requirements. Low order/low fidelity models and simple operational environment models are adopted for mathematical simulation. Multiple co-existing models and simulation tools are managed by individual engineers.6 ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS ISO 16781:2013ISO 16781:2013(E)In detailed design phase simulation, mathematical simulation is used for system optimizations, parameter sensitivity assessments, performance evaluations, stability robustness assessments, etc. This simulation environment supports the identifica
