1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 16945:2014Corrugating medium Determination of the edgecrush resistance afterlaboratory flutingBS ISO 16945:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 16945:2014.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to T
2、echnicalCommittee PAI/11, Methods of test for paper, board and pulps.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplicati
3、on. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 75557 6ICS 85.060Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 3
4、1 March 2014.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 16945:2014 ISO 2014Corrugating medium Determination of the edge crush resistance after laboratory flutingPapier cannelure pour carton ondul Dtermination de la rsistance la compression sur chant aprs cannelage en laboratoireINTE
5、RNATIONAL STANDARDISO16945First edition2014-03-01Reference numberISO 16945:2014(E)BS ISO 16945:2014ISO 16945:2014(E)ii ISO 2014 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2014All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise
6、 in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase p
7、ostale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandBS ISO 16945:2014ISO 16945:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14
8、 Principle 15 Apparatus . 26 Sampling 47 Conditioning 48 Preparation of test pieces . 49 Procedure. 49.1 General . 49.2 Testing immediately after fluting 49.3 Testing after 30 min of reconditioning . 49.4 Fluting and testing . 410 Calculation 510.1 Edge crush resistance . 510.2 Edge crush resistance
9、 index 511 Test report . 5Annex A (informative) Precision . 7Annex B (informative) Maintenance of fluting rolls (horizontal type) . 9Bibliography .10BS ISO 16945:2014ISO 16945:2014(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodi
10、es (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations
11、, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further m
12、aintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
13、Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introdu
14、ction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to con
15、formity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 6, Paper, board and pulps, Subcommittee SC 2, Test methods a
16、nd quality specifications for paper and board.iv ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 16945:2014ISO 16945:2014(E)IntroductionThis International Standard evaluates the ability of corrugating medium to contribute to the compression strength of a corrugated box. It is a procedure for measuring the edgewi
17、se compression strength of a laboratory-fluted strip of corrugating medium. The corrugated medium is fluted by passing it between heated rollers. Two different test procedures are then widely used.a) The fluted corrugating medium is compressed immediately after fluting (i.e 20 s to 25 s after flutin
18、g).b) The fluted corrugating medium is conditioned for 30 min to 35 min after fluting under standard laboratory test conditions before being compressed.Procedure a) generally gives considerably higher results than those obtained with procedure b). The differences in results are claimed to be caused
19、by the lower moisture content (and thus higher stiffness) of the unconditioned fluted corrugating medium.Since considerable advantages are claimed for both procedures and both are widely used, this International Standard describes both procedures.Test values and failure modes in this approach are ex
20、pected to be different than those for ring crush method and short span compression test (SCT).NOTE This test is sometimes referred to as CCT (corrugated crush test) or CFC (corrugated fluted crush test). ISO 2014 All rights reserved vBS ISO 16945:2014BS ISO 16945:2014Corrugating medium Determination
21、 of the edge crush resistance after laboratory fluting1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies two methods for the determination of the edge crush resistance of a corrugating medium after laboratory fluting. The procedures are applicable to any corrugating medium to be used after fluting in the
22、manufacture of corrugated fibreboard.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the refe
23、renced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 186, Paper and board Sampling to determine average qualityISO 187, Paper, board and pulps Standard atmosphere for conditioning and testing and procedure for monitoring the atmosphere and conditioning of samplesISO 536, Paper and board Determinat
24、ion of grammageISO 13820, Paper, board and corrugated fibreboard Description and calibration of compression-testing equipment3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1edge crush resistanceCCTmaximum edgewise compression force per unit leng
25、th that a laboratory fluted test piece will withstand before onset of break under the test conditions specified in this International StandardNote 1 to entry: Edge crush resistance is expressed in kilonewtons per metre (kN/m).3.2edge crush resistance indexedge crush resistance divided by the grammag
26、eNote 1 to entry: The result is expressed in newton metres per gram (Nm/g).4 PrincipleThe principle is as follows:a) fluting of the paper by passing it between heated rollers and mounting in a holder with the flutes placed vertically;b) application of a compressive force and determination of the max
27、imum force per unit length.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16945:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 16945:2014ISO 16945:2014(E)5 Apparatus5.1 Cutting device, for cutting the test pieces to the required specifications, see Clause 8.5.2 Fluter, consisting of a pair of matched steel corrugating ro
28、lls. The rolls shall be capable of being maintained at a temperature of 175 C 8 C. The temperature is controlled by any suitable method. Check the temperature when the rolls are in motion.One roll is motor-driven at 4,5 r/min 1,0 r/min and the rolls are held in mesh by a force of (100 10) N exerted
29、between the rolls and distributed evenly across the teeth, under test conditions. In some instruments, the force between the rolls is applied by a spring acting in a slide. In such instruments, friction in this device can result in the force which acts upon the test piece being considerably less tha
30、n the force required to displace the rolls initially. When verifying that an instrument conforms to the requirements given in this subclause, it is therefore necessary to measure the force required to prevent the undriven roll from moving towards the driven roll, from a position about 200 m away.The
31、 essential characteristics of each roll are the following (see also Figure 1): roll diameter: 228,5 mm 0,5 mm; roll thickness: 16 mm 1 mm; number of teeth: 84 (see Note 3 below); radius of teeth at peak: 1,5 mm 0,1 mm; radius of teeth at base: 2,0 mm 0,1 mm; depth of teeth: 4,75 mm 0,05 mm; distance
32、 between teeth (peak to peak around the arc): 8,55 mm 0,05 mm.In order to optimize the matching of pairs of rolls, pairs of rolls should be selected in which the differences in dimensions between the two are substantially less than the tolerances shown. Prior to first use, the rolls should be run at
33、 the operating temperature for about 6 h with a mild abrasive on the teeth. The two rolls should then be marked in some way so that, after removal for cleaning or maintenance, they can be reassembled with exactly the same teeth in mesh.NOTE 1 It is recommended to have a guiding device to help feed t
34、he test piece perpendicular to the corrugating nip.NOTE 2 The fluter is identical to that used for ISO 72632.NOTE 3 In some fluters, a full roll is not used.2 ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 16945:2014ISO 16945:2014(E)Dimensions in millimetresFigure 1 Profile of corrugating rolls5.3 Holder, with
35、a profile matching the profile of the corrugated medium, able to hold the test piece so that the flutes are vertical. The holder can be opened for mounting of test pieces. A suitable stopping surface exists so that 6,35 mm width of the specimen is grasped by the holder (see Figure 2).The fluted crus
36、h test piece holder should conform to the same parallelism requirements as the crush tester (see 5.4).Dimensions in millimetresAB12,76,35KeyA test pieceB test piece holderFigure 2 Test piece holder5.4 Compression tester, a motor-driven, fixed-platen type compression tester in accordance with ISO 138
37、20. ISO 2014 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 16945:2014ISO 16945:2014(E)6 SamplingIf the tests are being made to evaluate a lot, the sample shall be selected in accordance with ISO 186. If the tests are made on another type of sample, make sure that the specimens taken are representative of the sample r
38、eceived.7 ConditioningCondition the samples in accordance with ISO 187.8 Preparation of test piecesCut at least 10 test pieces in 12,7 mm 0,1 mm wide and 152 mm 0,5 mm long, with the length being cut in the machine direction. The long edges shall be parallel to within 0,01 mm over the length, clean
39、and without defects.9 Procedure9.1 GeneralThe edge crush test can be performed immediately after fluting (see 9.2) or after 30 min of reconditioning (see 9.3).9.2 Testing immediately after flutingIf the test is to be carried out immediately after fluting, the total time between discharge of the flut
40、ed test piece from the fluting rolls and the initial application of the crushing force shall be 20 s to 25 s.NOTE In a round robin performed in 2012, it was shown that the minimum time required for mounting the test piece and initiating the crushing force is 20 s to 25 s.9.3 Testing after 30 min of
41、reconditioningIf the test is to be carried out after reconditioning, the test pieces shall be reconditioned for 30 min to 35 min in the conditioning atmosphere used to condition the samples (see Clause 7). If the test is carried out on reconditioned samples, all of the test pieces can be formed prio
42、r to testing.9.4 Fluting and testingStart the motor and heat the corrugating rolls (see 5.2) to 175 C 8 C.Feed a test piece into the fluter (5.2) with its longer side perpendicular to the nip.Mount the corrugated test piece in the holder (5.3) and place the holder in the centre of the lower plate of
43、 the compression tester. Start the tester and read, to the nearest 1 N, the maximum force sustained by the test piece.Perform the crush tests either immediately (see 9.2) or after reconditioning (see 9.3). Repeat the procedure for the remaining test pieces until a total of at least 10 results have b
44、een obtained.4 ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 16945:2014ISO 16945:2014(E)10 Calculation10.1 Edge crush resistanceCalculate the edge crush resistance, CCT, (3.1) to the nearest 0,01 kN/m using Formula (1).CCTFl= (1)whereCCT is the edge crush resistance in kilonewtons per metre;F is the maximum co
45、mpression force in newtons;l is the length of the test piece, in millimetres, prior to corrugation.To assist in the immediate identification of the method used to obtain the results, for many purposes, it might be most convenient to express the results in the following form:CCT0= 2,50 kN/m CCT30= 2,
46、20 kN/m where CCT denotes “corrugated crush test” and the subscript denotes the time, in minutes, for reconditioning.Report the number of tests, the arithmetic mean, and the standard deviation of all replicate test results, to the nearest 0,01 kN/m.10.2 Edge crush resistance indexIf required, calcul
47、ate the edge crush resistance index Y, using Formula (2).YCCTg=1000 (2)whereY is the edge crush resistance index in newton metres per gram;CCTis the mean value of the edge crush resistance in kilonewtons per metre;gis the grammage, in grams per square metre, determined in accordance with ISO 536.Rep
48、ort the result to the nearest 0,1 Nm/g.11 Test reportThe test report shall include the following information:a) a reference to this International Standard;b) the date and place of testing;c) a description and identification of the product tested; ISO 2014 All rights reserved 5BS ISO 16945:2014ISO 16
49、945:2014(E)d) the conditioning atmosphere used;e) method used to obtain the (CCT0or CCT30);f) report on the number of tests, the arithmetic mean, and the standard deviation of all replicate test results, according to 10.1;g) if applicable, the edge crush resistance index according to 10.2;h) details of any deviation from this International Standard;i) any other information that can assist in the interpretation of the results.6 ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 16945:2014ISO 16945:2014(E)
