1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 17123-8:2015Optics and optical instruments Field procedures for testinggeodetic and surveyinginstrumentsPart 8: GNSS field measurement systems inreal-time kinematic (RTK)BS ISO 17123-8:2015 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementatio
2、n of ISO 17123-8:2015.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee CPW/172, Optics and Photonics.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of
3、 a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2015. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 82850 8ICS 17.180.30Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under th
4、e authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2015.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 17123-8:2015 ISO 2015Optics and optical instruments Field procedures for testing geodetic and surveying instruments Part 8: GNSS field measurement systems in real-tim
5、e kinematic (RTK)Optique et instruments doptique Mthodes dessai sur site des instruments godsiques et dobservation Partie 8: Systmes de mesure GNSS sur site en temps rel cinmatiqueINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO17123-8Second edition2015-06-15Reference numberISO 17123-8:2015(E)BS ISO 17123-8:2015ISO 17123-
6、8:2015(E)ii ISO 2015 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2015, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, o
7、r posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax
8、+41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 17123-8:2015ISO 17123-8:2015(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 General 24.1 Preamble 24.2 Requirements . 24.3 Concept of the test procedures . 24.4 Procedure 1: Simplified test procedure . 34.5
9、 Procedure 2: Full test procedure . 45 Simplified test procedure 45.1 Measurements . 45.2 Calculation 56 Full test procedure . 56.1 Measurements . 56.2 Calculation 66.2.1 General 66.2.2 Preliminary measurement check . 66.2.3 Calculation of statistical values . 66.3 Statistical tests 76.3.1 General 7
10、6.3.2 Question a) 86.3.3 Question b) 86.3.4 Question c) 96.3.5 Question d) . 96.4 Combined standard uncertainty evaluation (Type A and Type B) . 9Annex A (informative) Example of the simplified test procedure .12Annex B (informative) Example of the full test procedure .13Annex C (informative) Exampl
11、e for the calculation of a combined uncertainty budget (Type A and Type B) 18 ISO 2015 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 17123-8:2015ISO 17123-8:2015(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies)
12、. The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non
13、-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are describ
14、ed in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to
15、the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the IS
16、O list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as
17、 well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 172, Optics and photonics, Subcommittee SC 6, Geodetic and surveying instruments.T
18、his second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 17123-8:2007), which has been technically revised.ISO 17123 consists of the following parts, under the general title Optics and optical instruments Field procedures for testing geodetic and surveying instruments: Part 1: Theory Part 2: L
19、evels Part 3: Theodolites Part 4: Electro-optical distance meters (EDM measurements to reflectors) Part 5: Total stations Part 6: Rotating lasers Part 7: Optical plumbing instruments Part 8: GNSS field measurement systems in real-time kinematic (RTK)Annex A, Annex B, and Annex C of this part of ISO
20、17123 are for information only.iv ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 17123-8:2015ISO 17123-8:2015(E)IntroductionThis part of ISO 17123 specifies field procedures for adoption when determining and evaluating the uncertainty of measurement results obtained by geodetic instruments and their ancillary e
21、quipment, when used in building and surveying measuring tasks. Primarily, these tests are intended to be field verifications of suitability of a particular instrument for the immediate task. They are not proposed as tests for acceptance or performance evaluations that are more comprehensive in natur
22、e.The definition and concept of uncertainty as a quantitative attribute to the final result of measurement was developed mainly in the last two decades, even though error analysis has already long been a part of all measurement sciences. After several stages, the CIPM (Comit Internationale des Poids
23、 et Mesures) referred the task of developing a detailed guide to ISO. Under the responsibility of the ISO Technical Advisory Group on Metrology (TAG 4) and in conjunction with six worldwide metrology organizations, a guidance document on the expression of measurement uncertainty was compiled with th
24、e objective of providing rules for use within standardization, calibration, laboratory, accreditation, and metrology services. ISO/IEC Guide 98-3 was first published as the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) in 1995.With the introduction of uncertainty in measurement in ISO
25、17123 (all parts), it is intended to finally provide a uniform, quantitative expression of measurement uncertainty in geodetic metrology with the aim of meeting the requirements of customers.ISO 17123 (all parts) provides not only a means of evaluating the precision (experimental standard deviation)
26、 of an instrument but also a tool for defining an uncertainty budget, which allows for the summation of all uncertainty components, whether they are random or systematic, to a representative measure of accuracy, i.e. the combined standard uncertainty.ISO 17123 (all parts) therefore provides, for def
27、ining for each instrument investigated by the procedures, a proposal for additional, typical influence quantities, which can be expected during practical use. The customer can estimate, for a specific application, the relevant standard uncertainty components in order to derive and state the uncertai
28、nty of the measuring result. ISO 2015 All rights reserved vBS ISO 17123-8:2015BS ISO 17123-8:2015Optics and optical instruments Field procedures for testing geodetic and surveying instruments Part 8: GNSS field measurement systems in real-time kinematic (RTK)1 ScopeThis part of ISO 17123 specifies f
29、ield procedures to be adopted when determining and evaluating the precision (repeatability) of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) field measurement systems (this includes GPS, GLONASS, as well as the future systems like GALILEO) in real-time kinematic (GNSS RTK) and their ancillary equipment
30、when used in building, surveying, and industrial measurements. Primarily, these tests are intended to be field verifications of the suitability of a particular instrument for the required application at hand and to satisfy the requirements of other standards. They are not proposed as tests for accep
31、tance or performance evaluations that are more comprehensive in nature.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated referenc
32、es, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 3534-1, Statistics Vocabulary and symbols Part 1: General statistical terms and terms used in probabilityISO 9849, Optics and optical instruments Geodetic and surveying instruments VocabularyISO 12858-2, Optics
33、and optical instruments Ancillary devices for geodetic instruments Part 2: TripodsISO 17123-1, Optics and optical instruments Field procedures for testing geodetic and surveying instruments Part 1: TheoryISO 17123-2, Optics and optical instruments Field procedures for testing geodetic and surveying
34、instruments Part 2: LevelsISO 17123-5, Optics and optical instruments Field procedures for testing geodetic and surveying instruments Part 5: Total stationsISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008, Uncertainty of measurement Part 3: Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM: 1995)ISO/IEC Guide 99:20
35、07, International vocabulary of metrology Basic and general concepts and associated terms (VIM)3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 3534-1, ISO 9849, ISO 17123-1, ISO 17123-2, ISO 17123-5, ISO/IEC Guide 98-3, and ISO/IEC Guide 99 apply.INTE
36、RNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17123-8:2015(E) ISO 2015 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 17123-8:2015ISO 17123-8:2015(E)4 General4.1 PreambleThe real-time kinematic positioning method is a relative measuring procedure using reference (base) and moving (rover) receivers. For utilization of network RTK application
37、s, a separate reference receiver is not required. Both receivers perform the observations simultaneously and merge their results by wireless transmission. Thus, the rover can display the instantaneous coordinates of the antenna in any appropriate datum, e.g. International Terrestrial Reference Frame
38、 (ITRF). For practical use, they are transformed to horizontal coordinates and ellipsoidal heights. Subsequently, only these types of coordinate are treated as original observables.4.2 RequirementsBefore commencing surveying, it is important for the operator to ensure that the equipment, the GNSS re
39、ceiver and antenna, has sufficient precision for the task required.The test should apply typically to a set of GNSS receivers and antennae listed in the manufacturers reference manual. In case of using network RTK, consistency of antenna models (e.g. antenna correction parameters) shall be ensured.T
40、he receiver, antenna, and their ancillary equipment for rover points shall be checked to be in acceptable condition according to the methods specified in the reference manual.The operator shall follow the guidelines in the manufacturers reference manual for positioning requirements such as the minim
41、um number of satellites, maximum Position Dilution Of Precision (PDOP) value, minimum observation time, and possibly other required pre-conditions.The operator shall initialize the receiver by resetting its power prior to every measurement and collect the data after the integer ambiguity fixing has
42、been completed.The following is the guideline for achievable centring precision expressed in standard deviation: centring: 1 mm; measuring the antenna height: 1 mm.The results of the test are influenced by several factors, such as satellite configuration visible at the points, ionospheric and tropos
43、pheric conditions, multipath environment around the points, precision of the equipment, and quality of the software running in the rover equipment or in the system generating the data transmitted from the base point.This part of ISO 17123 describes two different field procedures, namely the simplifi
44、ed test procedure and the full test procedure, as given in Clauses 5 and 6, respectively. Therefore, the observation time of test procedure shall be so arranged to cover such variations.The operator shall choose the procedure that is most appropriate to the requirements of the project.4.3 Concept of
45、 the test proceduresThe test field consists of a base point and two rover points. The location of the rover points shall be close to the area of the task concerned. The separation of two rover points shall be a minimum of 2 m and shall not exceed 20 m. The positions of two rover points may be select
46、ed at convenience in the field (see Figure 1).The horizontal distance and height difference between two rover points shall be determined by methods with precision better than 3 mm other than RTK. These values are considered as nominal values and are used in the first step of both test procedures. Th
47、e horizontal distances and height differences calculated from the measured coordinates in each set of measurements shall be compared with these values in 2 ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 17123-8:2015ISO 17123-8:2015(E)order to ensure that the measurements are free from any outlier. However, the
48、nominal values are not used in the statistical tests.A series of measurements consists of five sets. Each set of measurements consists of successive measurements at rover points 1 and 2.3Key1 rover point 12 rover point 23 base pointaMinimum 2 m; shall not exceed 20 m.bCorresponding distance accordin
49、g to the task concerned.Figure 1 Configuration of the field test networkThe time lag between successive sets shall be approximately 5 min. This requirement makes the span of a series of measurements to be about 25 min and five sets of measurements at both rover points shall be uniformly distributed in this span. Due to the fact that the variation cycle of a typical multipath influence is about 20 min, the measuring procedure will mostly cover the period of this influence factor.The start time for each
