1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 17217-1:2014T r a d i t i o n a l C h i n e s e m e d i c i n e Ginseng seeds and seedlingsPart 1: Panax ginseng C.A. MeyerBS ISO 17217-1:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 17217-1:2014. The UK participation in
2、its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee CH/100, Healthcare and medical equipment (European and International).A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a c
3、ontract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2014.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 82109 7ICS 65.020.20Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the
4、authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 May 2014.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO 17217-1:2014 ISO 2014Traditional Chinese medicine Ginseng seeds and seedlings Part 1: Panax ginseng C.A. MeyerMdecine traditionnelle chinoise Grain
5、es de ginseng et semis Partie 1: Panax ginseng C.A. MeyerINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO17217-1First edition2014-04-15Reference numberISO 17217-1:2014(E)BS ISO 17217-1:2014ISO 17217-1:2014(E)ii ISO 2014 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2014All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified
6、, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs m
7、ember body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandBS ISO 17217-1:2014ISO 17217-1:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword iv1 Sc
8、ope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Descriptions 35 Requirements 55.1 General characteristics . 55.2 Ginseng seed . 55.3 Ginseng seedling 66 Sampling 77 Test methods . 77.1 Moisture content . 77.2 Seed width 77.3 Plumpness . 77.4 Maturity 77.5 Purity . 87.6 Seed viability. 87
9、.7 100-seed weight. 87.8 Fungus testing . 87.9 Nematode testing 97.10 Seedling weight 98 Test report . 99 Packaging, storage and transportation . 910 Marking 9Bibliography .10BS ISO 17217-1:2014ISO 17217-1:2014(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federat
10、ion of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committe
11、e. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and th
12、ose intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2
13、(see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the do
14、cument will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms an
15、d expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 249, Traditional Chinese medicin
16、e.ISO 17217 consists of the following parts, under the general title Traditional Chinese medicine Ginseng seeds and seedlings: Part 1: Panax ginseng C.A. Meyeriv ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 17217-1:2014INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17217-1:2014(E)Traditional Chinese medicine Ginseng seeds and se
17、edlings Part 1: Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer1 ScopeThis part of ISO 17217 specifies minimum requirements and test methods for ginseng seeds and seedlings, Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer. It is suitable for marketing of cultivated ginseng seeds and seedlings, P. ginseng C.A. Meyer. It is also suitable for qual
18、ity assurance for ginseng cultivators.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the ref
19、erenced document (including any amendments) applies.International Seed Testing Association (ISTA), International Rules for Seed TestingInternational Seed Testing Association (ISTA), Working Sheets on Tetrazolium testing3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and
20、 definitions apply.3.1seed lotspecified quantity of seed that is physically and uniquely identifiableSOURCE: ISTA, International Rules for Seed Testing, definition 2.2.13.2primary sampleportion taken from the seed lot during one single sampling actionSOURCE: ISTA, International Rules for Seed Testin
21、g, definition 2.2.23.3composite sampleformed by combining and mixing all the primary samples taken from the seed lotSOURCE: ISTA, International Rules for Seed Testing, definition 2.2.33.4subsampleportion of primary a sample obtained by reducing a sampleSOURCE: ISTA, International Rules for Seed Test
22、ing, definition 2.2.4 ISO 2014 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 17217-1:2014ISO 17217-1:2014(E)3.5submitted samplesample to be submitted to the testing laboratory that comprises either the whole of the composite sample or a subsampleNote 1 to entry: The submitted sample can be divided into subsamples, pa
23、cked in different materials meeting conditions, for specific tests (e.g. moisture or health).SOURCE: ISTA, International Rules for Seed Testing, definition 2.2.53.6working sampleentire submitted sample or subsample to which one of the quality tests described in the ISTA Rules is applied and which ha
24、s at least the weight prescribed by the ISTA Rules for the particular testSOURCE: ISTA, International Rules for Seed Testing, definition 2.2.73.7sealedcondition whereby a container which contains seeds is closed in such a way that it cannot be opened to get access to the seed and be closed again wit
25、hout either destroying the seal or leaving evidence of tamperingNote 1 to entry: This definition refers to the sealing of seed lots, as well as of seed samples.SOURCE: ISTA, International Rules for Seed Testing, definition 2.2.83.8purityweight percentage of pure seed fraction over the total weight o
26、f the working sample, in percentNote 1 to entry: The pure seed refers to the species stated by the applicant, or found to predominate in the test, and includes all botanical varieties and cultivars of that species.SOURCE: ISTA, International Rules for Seed Testing, definition 3.2.13.9seed widthlarge
27、st distance(see Figure 1) from the side of raphe to its opposite, in millimetre3.10plump seedseeds with a kernel to cavity ratio of not less than 3:4Note 1 to entry: The plumpness of a single seed in this standard is estimated with its area ratio of the kernel to the cavity in the cross section when
28、 the seed is cut longitudinally through the raphe (see Figure 1).3.11plumpnessindex to show the development of kernels of seeds in a seed lotNote 1 to entry: It is expressed as the percentage of the plump seeds, determined by number, in the working sample.3.12mature seedseed with an embryo that is p
29、yriform or saddle in the shape3.13maturitypercentage of mature seed, determined by number, in the working sample2 ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 17217-1:2014ISO 17217-1:2014(E)3.14viabilityindex to show the potential ability of seed to germinate, or the capability of embryo to liveNote 1 to entr
30、y: It is expressed as the percentage of stained seeds in the working sample.Note 2 to entry: It is estimated using the Topographical Tetrazolium Test.3.15100-seed weightaverage weight of every 100 pure seeds of a working sample3.16seedlingyoung ginseng with hibernaculum, rhizome and root system and
31、without aboveground stem and leafNote 1 to entry: Ginseng seedling is harvested in mid to late autumn or early spring when transplanting.3.17hibernaculumhibernated bud with bud scales3.18rhizomeunderground stem of ginseng seedling3.19seedling weightaverage weight of single seedling3.20root lengthtot
32、al length of the root in cm, the distance from the shoulder of the taproot to the tip of the root3.21taproot lengththe length of the taproot in cm, the distance from the shoulder of the taproot to the first lateral root4 DescriptionsIn this part of ISO 17217, ginseng seed is the dehydrated seed of p
33、lant P. ginseng C.A. Mayer and consists of three basic parts: embryo, endosperm and the seed coat, as shown in Figure 1. ISO 2014 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 17217-1:2014ISO 17217-1:2014(E)KeyA front viewB dorsal viewC cross section, longitudinally cut through the rapheD slice of the kernel, shows t
34、he embryoE section of the kernel of a stratified seed1 seed width2 raphe3 seed coat4 cavity of seed5 kernel6 endosperm7 embryoFigure 1 Structure of ginseng seedFor practical application, seedlings are classified into three groups on the basis of their age: one-year-old seedlings, two-year-old seedli
35、ngs and three-year-old seedlings. Ginseng seedlings consist of five parts: hibernaculum, rhizome, taproot, lateral root and fibrous root, as shown in Figure 2.4 ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 17217-1:2014ISO 17217-1:2014(E)Key1 hibernaculum2 rhizome3 taproot4 lateral root5 fibrous rootFigure 2 G
36、inseng seedling5 Requirements5.1 General characteristicsThe following requirements should be met before separating the bulk sample into test samples.a) Ginseng seed shall be clean and free from foreign matter.b) Ginseng seedling shall be healthy and intact.c) The presence of living insects, moldy se
37、ed and external contaminants which are visible to the naked eye shall not be permitted.5.2 Ginseng seed5.2.1 The mass fraction of moisture shall not be greater than 10 %.5.2.2 Seed purity shall not be less than 99 %.5.2.3 Viability shall not be less than 95 %.5.2.4 Maturity shall not be less than 95
38、 %.5.2.5 Both Fusarium spp. and Alternaria spp. shall not be detected. ISO 2014 All rights reserved 5BS ISO 17217-1:2014ISO 17217-1:2014(E)5.2.6 The seed width, 100-seed weight and plumpness shall comply with the requirements in Table 1.Table 1 Grading requirements of ginseng seedGradeSeed widthmm10
39、0-seed weightagPlumpness%Firstb 4,5 2,8 80Second 3,5 2,1 85Unqualified 3,5 Note The establishment of the above requirements is based on the seeds collected from different regions.aThe 100-seed weight is determined when the moisture content of the seed is not more than 10 %.bFor the first grade, the
40、seeds, whose seed width are not less than 4,25 mm, shall not be less than 95 %; for the second grade, the seeds, whose seed width are not less than 3,25 mm, shall not be less than 95 % (determined by number). Otherwise, it shall be judged to be the inferior grade.5.3 Ginseng seedling5.3.1 Taproot, l
41、ateral root and fibrous root of ginseng seedling shall be intact. Taproot shall be full and substantial.5.3.2 Hibernaculum of ginseng seedling shall be intact, full and substantial.5.3.3 Both Fusarium spp. and Alternaria spp. shall not be detected.5.3.4 Nematode shall not be detected.5.3.5 Seedling
42、weight shall comply with the requirements in Table 2.Table 2 Grading requirements of ginseng seedlingYears GradeRoot weightagTaproot lengthbcmOne yearQualified 0,5 10,0Unqualified 0,5 10,0Two yearsFirst 8,0 12,0Second 5,0 10,0Third 2,0 8,0Unqualified 2,0 8,0Three yearsFirst 15,0 12,0Second 10,0 10,0
43、Third 5,0 8,0Unqualified 5,0 8,0Note 1 The establishment of the above requirements is based on the seeds collected from different regions.Note 2 Taproot of 1-year-old seedling is equal to the total root length.aThe seedlings whose weight meets the minimum weight requirements for a certain grade shou
44、ld not be less than 95 %. Otherwise, it shall be judged to be the inferior grade.bThis requirement is only suitable for those seedlings which will be used to produce good-shaped ginseng. It is not applicable when the shape of the ginseng product is not required.6 ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 1
45、7217-1:2014ISO 17217-1:2014(E)6 SamplingSampling shall be carried out in accordance with ISTA, International Rules for Seed Testing, Chapter 2. Maximum weight of lot and minimum weight of sample are specified in Table 3.Table 3 Maximum weight of seed lot and minimum weight of sampleMaximum weight of
46、 seed lotkgMinimum weight of samplegSubmitted sample Purity analysis Other seeds by number2 000 600 100 200Note The establishment of the above requirements is based on the seeds collected from different regions.7 Test methods7.1 Moisture contentDetermination of the mass fraction of moisture shall be
47、 in accordance with the high constant temperature method specified in ISTA, International Rules for Seed Testing.7.2 Seed widthTake 100 to 150 intact seeds in duplicate from the submitted sample by quartering method. The seed width shall be measured with a vernier caliper in millimetres (to two deci
48、mal places). The percentage of seeds meeting the minimum width requirement in both tests shall be approximately similar.7.3 PlumpnessThe seed shall be dehydrated naturally in a shade before testing when the moisture content is more than 10 %.Take duplicate samples of intact seeds by quartering metho
49、d, each containing 100 to 150 seeds. The seed shall be cut into two parts along the raphe. The areas of the kernel and the cavity in the cross section are measured respectively. The plumpness of a single seed is the area ratio of its kernel to cavity. It is considered to be plump when the area ratio of a seed is not less than three quarters. Formula 1 is used to express the plumpness of a seed lot.pAAbb=100 (1)wherePbis plumpness (%);Abis the number of plump seeds;A is th
