1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 17440:2014Cranes General design Limit states and proof ofcompetence of forged steelhooksBS ISO 17440:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 17440:2014. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Techni
2、calCommittee MHE/3/3, Bridge, gantry and slewing jib cranes. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. T
3、he British Standards Institution 2014.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 76509 4ICS 53.020.20Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 3
4、1 May 2014.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO 17440:2014 ISO 2014Cranes General design Limit states and proof of competence of forged steel hooksAppareils de levage charge suspendue Conception gnrale tats limites et vrification daptitude des crochets for
5、gsINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO17440First edition2014-06-01Reference numberISO 17440:2014(E)BS ISO 17440:2014ISO 17440:2014(E)ii ISO 2014 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2014All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized oth
6、erwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright office
7、Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandBS ISO 17440:2014ISO 17440:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms, definitions and symbols 24 G
8、eneral requirements . 54.1 Materials .54.2 Workmanship . 64.3 Manufacturing tolerances 64.4 Heat treatment 74.5 Proof loading . 74.6 Hook body geometry 84.7 Hook shank machining . 94.8 Nut 104.9 Hook suspension 115 Static strength 115.1 General 115.2 Vertical design load 115.3 Horizontal design forc
9、e 125.4 Bending moment of the shank 125.5 Hook body, design stresses 165.6 Hook shank, design stresses . 185.7 Hook, proof of static strength 196 Fatigue strength 206.1 General 206.2 Vertical fatigue design force . 206.3 Horizontal fatigue design force 216.4 Fatigue design bending moment of shank .
10、216.5 Proof of fatigue strength, hook body . 226.6 Proof of fatigue strength, hook shank 276.7 Fatigue design of hook shanks for serially produced hooks .367 Verification of conformity with the requirements .367.1 General 367.2 Verification of manufacture 367.3 Proof loading 367.4 None destructive t
11、esting (NDT) 367.5 Test sampling . 378 Information for use .378.1 Maintenance and inspection 378.2 Marking 378.3 Safe use . 38Annex A (informative) Sample sets of single point hooks .39Annex B (informative) Sample set of ramshorn hooks .46Annex C (informative) Annexes A and B static limit design for
12、ces for hook bodies .48Annex D (informative) Annexes A and B fatigue limit design forces for hook bodies 50Annex E (normative) Hook body calculation and specific spectrum ratio factors 52Annex F (informative) Sample fatigue strength calculations of proofed hooks (with proof load applied) 56Annex G (
13、informative) Sample set of hook shank and thread designs .62BS ISO 17440:2014ISO 17440:2014(E)iv ISO 2014 All rights reservedAnnex H (normative) Bending of curved beams 68Annex I (normative) Calculation of hook suspension tilting resistance, articulation by a hinge or rope reeving system .71Annex J
14、(informative) Guidance for selection of hook size using Annexes C to E 75Annex K (normative) Information to be provided by the hook manufacturer 77Bibliography .78BS ISO 17440:2014ISO 17440:2014(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national
15、standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
16、 organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for
17、 its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. www.iso.org/dir
18、ectivesAttention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the
19、Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received. www.iso.org/patentsAny trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to con
20、formity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 96, Cranes, Subcommittee SC 8, Jib cranes. ISO 2014 All righ
21、ts reserved vBS ISO 17440:2014BS ISO 17440:2014Cranes General design Limit states and proof of competence of forged steel hooks1 ScopeThis International Standard is intended to be used together with the other relevant International Standards in its series. As such, they specify general conditions, r
22、equirements and methods to prevent hazards in hooks as part of all types of cranes.This International Standard covers the following parts of hooks and types of hooks: bodies of any type of point hooks made of steel forgings; machined shanks of hooks with a thread/nut suspension.NOTE 1 The principles
23、 of this International Standard can be applied to other types of shank hooks and also where stress concentration factors relevant to that shank construction are determined and used. Plate hooks, which are those assembled from one or several parallel parts of rolled steel plates are not covered in th
24、is International Standard.This International Standard is applicable to hooks from materials with ultimate strength of not more than 800 N/mm2and yield stress of not more than 600 N/mm2.The following is a list of significant hazardous situations and hazardous events that could result in risks to pers
25、ons during normal use and foreseeable misuse. Clauses 4 to 8 of this document are necessary to reduce or eliminate the risks associated with the following hazards:a) exceeding the limits of strength (yield, ultimate, fatigue);b) exceeding temperature limits of material;c) unintentional disengagement
26、 of the load from the hook.The requirements of this International Standard are stated in the main body of the document and are applicable to hook designs in general. The hook body and shank designs listed in Annexes A, B and G are only examples and should not be referred to as requirements of this I
27、nternational Standard.This International Standard is applicable to cranes manufactured after the date of its publication, and serves as a reference base for product standards of particular crane types.NOTE 2 This International Standard deals only with the limit state method in accordance with ISO 86
28、86-1.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any a
29、mendments) applies.ISO 148-1, Metallic materials Charpy pendulum impact test Part 1: Test methodISO 148-2, Metallic materials Charpy pendulum impact test Part 2: Verification of testing machinesISO 643, Steels Micrographic determination of the apparent grain sizeISO 965-1, ISO general purpose metric
30、 screw threads Tolerances Part 1: Principles and basic dataINTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17440:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 17440:2014ISO 17440:2014(E)ISO 4287, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) Surface texture: Profile method Terms, definitions and surface texture parametersISO
31、4306-1, Cranes Vocabulary Part 1: GeneralISO 4301-1, Cranes and lifting appliances Classification Part 1: GeneralISO 6892-1, Metallic materials Tensile testing Part 1: Method of test at room temperatureISO 8686-1, Cranes Design principles for loads and load combinations Part 1: GeneralISO 9327-1, St
32、eel forgings and rolled or forged bars for pressure purposes Technical delivery conditions Part 1: General requirementsISO 7500-1, Metallic materials Verification of static uniaxial testing machines Part 1: Tension/compression testing machines Verification and calibration of the force-measuring syst
33、emISO 12100, Safety of machinery General principles for design Risk assessment and risk reductionISO 15579, Metallic materials Tensile testing at low temperatureEN 10228-3, Non-destructive testing of steel forgings Part 3: Ultrasonic testing of ferritic or martensitic steel forgingsEN 10243-1, Steel
34、 die forgings Tolerances on dimensions Part 1: Drop and vertical press forgings3 Terms, definitions and symbolsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 12100 and ISO 4306-1 and the following terms, definitions and symbols (see Table 1) apply.3.1hook shankupper part o
35、f the hook, from which the hook is suspended to the hoist media of the crane3.2hook bodylower, curved part of the hook below the shank3.3hook seatbottom part of the hook body, where the load lifting attachment is resting3.4hook suspension articulationfeature of the hook suspension, allowing the hook
36、 to tilt along the inclined load line2 ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 17440:2014ISO 17440:2014(E)Table 1 SymbolsSymbol DescriptionAd1Cross section area of the forged, shankAd4Cross section area of the critical section of hook shankAvMinimum impact toughness of materiala Accelerationa1Seat circle
37、 diametera2Throat openinga3Height of the hook pointbmaxMaximum width in the critical hook body sectionbrefReference widthC Total number of working cycles during the design life of craneCtRelative tilting resistance of the hook suspensionceCoefficient for load eccentricityD Cumulative damage in fatig
38、ue (Palmgren-Miner hypothesis)d1Diameter of the forged shankd3Principal diameter of threadd4Diameter of the undercut section of the shankd5Thread core diametereRDistance of the vertical load line from the centre line of the shankF Vertical forceFHVertical force on hook due to occasional or exception
39、al loadsFRd,s, FRd,fLimit design forces, static / fatigueFSd,sVertical design force for the proof of static strengthFSd,fVertical design force for the proof of fatigue strengthf1,f2, f3Factors of further influencesfRdLimit design stressfyYield stressfuUltimate strengthg Acceleration due to gravity,
40、g = 9,81 m/s2HSd,sHorizontal design force of hookHSd,fHorizontal design force for the proof of fatigue strengthh1, h2Section heights of the hook bodyh Vertical distance from the seat bottom of the hook body to the centre of the articulationhsVertical distance from the seat bottom of the hook body to
41、 critical section of hook shanki Index for a lifting cycle or a stress cycleI Reference moment of inertia for curved beamId1Moment of inertia of the forged shankId4Moment of inertia of the critical section of hook shankkCConversion factor for stress spectrum and classified dutykh,ksStress spectrum f
42、actorskQ Load spectrum factor, in accordance with ISO 8686-1 ISO 2014 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 17440:2014ISO 17440:2014(E)Symbol Descriptionk5*, k6* Specific spectrum ratio factors, m = 5 / 6lg Log to the base of 10M1, M2, M3, M4Bending moments of hook shankM1,f,i, M2,f,i, M3,f,iBending moments o
43、f hook shank for the proof of fatigue strength, lifting cycle iMSd,sStatic design bending momentm Slope parameter of the characteristic fatigue design curvemRCMass of rated hoist loadmiMass of the hook load in a lifting cycle iN Total number of stress cycles / lifting cyclesNDReference number of str
44、ess cycles, ND = 2 106p Pitch of threadpaAverage number of accelerations related to one lifting cycleR Radius of hook body curvatureRaAverage depth of surface profile according to ISO 4287RzMaximum depth of surface profile according to ISO 4287r9Relief radius of the undercutrthThread bottom radiuss
45、Length of undercutsh, ssStress history parameterssQLoad history parametert Depth of threadT Operation temperatureuS, uTDepths of notches AngleS, TStress concentration factors Angle or direction of hook inclinationn, nS, nTNotch effect factors2Dynamic factor for hoisting an unrestrained grounded load
46、5Dynamic factor for changes of acceleration of a movementnRisk coefficientpPartial safety factormGeneral resistance coefficientsmSpecific resistance coefficientHf, SfFatigue strength specific resistance factors1Edge distance of a hook body section Factor for load componenth, s Relative numbers of st
47、ress cycles Factor for mean stress influenceaShank stress due to axial forcebShank stress due to bending momentmMean stress in a stress cycleTable 1 (continued)4 ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 17440:2014ISO 17440:2014(E)Symbol DescriptionAStress amplitude in a stress cycleSdDesign stressMBasic f
48、atigue strength amplitude, un-notched piecepTotal stress range in a pulsating stress cycleWFatigue strength amplitude, notched pieceTmax, T1, T2Transformed stress amplitudescCharacteristic fatigue strengthRdLimit fatigue design stressSd,iStress range in a lifting cycle iSd,maxMaximum stress range4 G
49、eneral requirements4.1 MaterialsThe hook material in the finished product shall have sufficient ductility to avoid brittle fracture at the temperature range specified for the use of the hook. Hook material, after forging and heat treatment, shall have minimum elongation and Charpy-V impact toughness in accordance with Table 2.Table 2 Impact test and elongation requirements for hook materialOperation temperature Impact test temperature
