1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 17541:2014Plastics Quantitativeevaluation of scratch-induceddamage and scratch visibilityBS ISO 17541:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 17541:2014.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Techni
2、calCommittee PRI/21, Testing of plastics.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards In
3、stitution 2014. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 79174 1ICS 83.080.01Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 September 2014.Amendmen
4、ts issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 17541:2014 ISO 2014Plastics Quantitative evaluation of scratch-induced damage and scratch visibilityPlastiques valuation quantitative des dommages induits par rayure et visibilit des rayuresINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO17541First edition2014-09-01Refer
5、ence numberISO 17541:2014(E)BS ISO 17541:2014ISO 17541:2014(E)ii ISO 2014 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2014All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical
6、, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax +
7、 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandBS ISO 17541:2014ISO 17541:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword iv1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Principle 35 Apparatus . 35.1 General description . 35.2 Scratch ti
8、p 35.3 Load and position sensors 45.4 Test load 45.5 Test speed 45.6 Specimen stage . 46 Test specimens 56.1 General . 56.2 Shape and dimensions 56.3 Preparation 56.4 Conditioning 56.5 Number of test specimens . 57 Procedure. 57.1 Test atmosphere 57.2 Scratch tip 57.3 Method A (constant load conditi
9、on) 57.4 Method B (linearly increasing load condition) 67.5 Scratch testing . 68 Interpretation of result 78.1 General . 78.2 Scratch strength and scratch resistance 78.3 Single-damage (SD) . 78.4 Multiple-damage (MD) . 89 Test report 10Annex A (informative) 3-D colour model .12Annex B (informative)
10、 Example for quantitative determination of scratch damageand scratch visibility .13Bibliography .17BS ISO 17541:2014ISO 17541:2014(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing Inte
11、rnational Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison wi
12、th ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives
13、, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of
14、the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations
15、 received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO
16、s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 2, Mechanical properties.iv ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 17541:2014INTERNATI
17、ONAL STANDARD ISO 17541:2014(E)Plastics Quantitative evaluation of scratch-induced damage and scratch visibility1 ScopeThis International Standard deals with quantitative evaluation of scratchinduced damage and scratch visibility in polymers.This International Standard specifies two methods to asses
18、s scratch damage and scratch visibility expressed by three colour coordinates of a 3-D colour model.Method A uses a scratch tip capable of area-contact or line-contact with material surfaces under a constant load condition. It is represented by scratch damage index (SDI).Method B uses a scratch tip
19、capable of line-contact under a linearly increasing load condition. It is represented by scratch visibility index (SVI).The methods are suitable for use with coated and uncoated thermoplastic and thermosetting moulding materials.The methods specify the preferred dimensions of testing specimens and t
20、he preferred scratch-tip geometry.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referen
21、ced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 291, Plastics Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testingISO 294-1, Plastics Injection moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials Part 1: General principles, and moulding of multipurpose and bar test specimensISO 294-2, Plastics In
22、jection moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials Part 2: Small tensile barsISO 294-3, Plastics Injection moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials Part 3: Small platesISO 6508-1, Metallic materials Rockwell hardness test Part 1: Test methodISO 19252, Plastics Determination o
23、f scratch propertiesISO 20753, Plastics Test specimens3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1scratchvisual surface damage such as cutting and whitening, which is generated by sliding of the scratch tip over the surface of the test speci
24、men under defined conditions ISO 2014 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 17541:2014ISO 17541:2014(E)3.2normal forceFnload applied by the scratch tip in a direction perpendicular to the material surfaceNote 1 to entry: It is expressed in newtons.3.3tangential forceFtload applied by the scratch tip in a hori
25、zontal direction on the material surfaceNote 1 to entry: It is expressed in newtons.3.4scratch pathconnected line of scratch damage induced on the material surface by the scratch tip3.5whiteningvisual damage which is generated on the material surface along the scratch path such as micro-cracking, cr
26、azing, voiding, and debonding3.6single-damageSDsimple surface damage which is generated in a single direction on the material surface3.7multiple-damageMDlatticed damages which are generated in two perpendicular, horizontal directions on the material surface3.8scratch forceFsresultant force applied t
27、o the material surface as the summation of the normal and tangential force vectorsNote 1 to entry: It is expressed in newtons.3.9scratch strengthSsscratch force per unit contact area of area-contact scratch tipNote 1 to entry: It is expressed in newtons per square millimetre.3.10scratch resistanceRs
28、scratch force per unit contact length of line-contact scratch tipNote 1 to entry: It is expressed in newtons per millimetre.3.11degree of scratch damageDeuclidean distance between the color coordinates of the scratched and unscratched surfaces2 ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 17541:2014ISO 17541:
29、2014(E)3.12percent difference in luminanceLnormpercent difference between the luminance values of the scratched and unscratched surfaces3.13scratch damage index (SDI)D, Ss(or Rs) or Lnorm, Ss(or Rs)set of the relative severity of scratch damage and scratch strength (or scratch resistance) values, wh
30、ich are quantitative values obtained under a constant normal load3.14critical intensity valueIcthreshold intensity value where the onset of scratch visibility occurs3.15critical saturation valueScthreshold saturation value where the onset of scratch visibility occurs3.16scratch visibility index (SVI
31、)Ic, Sc, Rsset of the relative intensity, saturation, and scratch resistance values, which is the onset of scratch visibility obtained under a linearly increasing normal load4 PrincipleThis test method provides a quantitative evaluation of scratch damage and visibility on polymer and coated surfaces
32、. Scratching is generated by a scratch tip capable of area-contact or line-contact on the material surface and can be induced under a constant normal load or a linearly increasing load.The scratch damage index (SDI), the severity of surface damage caused by scratching under a constant normal load co
33、ndition, is determined by comparing the Euclidean distance or percent difference in the luminance between colour coordinates of the scratched surface and the ones of the unscratched surface. SDI is defined as a set of the degree of scratch damage (or percent difference in luminance) and scratch stre
34、ngth (or scratch resistance) values, as a quantitative determination.The scratch visibility index (SVI), the onset point of scratch visibility where the surface damage can be perceived by the naked eye, is determined under a linearly increasing load condition and defined as a set of intensity, satur
35、ation, which are two of three coordinates in HSI colour model, and scratch resistance value.5 Apparatus5.1 General descriptionThe instrumented scratch machine consists of a load device, position sensor, specimen stage, clamping devices, and scratch tip with a preferred geometry. An environmental cha
36、mber can also be added for testing at non-ambient condition. For evaluation after scratching, tools such as optical microscopes, flatbed scanners, profilometer, and colour analysis software are used.5.2 Scratch tipThe scratch tip shall be made from stainless steel or tungsten carbide having a hardne
37、ss greater than Rockwell HRC 64 value, as specified by ISO 6508-1, and a roughness less than 0,20 m, in accordance with ISO 19252. ISO 2014 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 17541:2014ISO 17541:2014(E)Two scratch tips with a preferred geometry are used in this method. Type 1 is used to induce an area-cont
38、act with the material surface (see Figure 1). Type 2 is used to induce a line-contact with the material surface (see Figure 2). It is permissible to use other sizes of the scratch tip but this shall be noted in the report.Dimensions in millimetresFigure 1 Schematic of area-contact scratch tip, Type
39、1Dimensions in millimetresFigure 2 Schematic of line-contact scratch tip, Type 25.3 Load and position sensorsThe instrumented scratch machine shall be equipped with devices to monitor the normal force, tangential force, instantaneous scratch depth, and horizontal position. The forces acting on the s
40、cratch tip shall be measured with an accuracy of 1 % of actual value. The data acquired for depth and horizontal position of the scratch tip shall have an accuracy of 10 m or better.5.4 Test loadThe instrumented scratch machine shall be capable of maintaining the test load within a tolerance of 1 %,
41、 for any test load chosen as specified in 7.3 and 7.4, and shall be capable of applying the load perpendicular to the test specimen within a tolerance of 1.5.5 Test speedThe instrumented scratch machine shall be capable of maintaining the test speed within a tolerance of 1 %, except for the first st
42、age and the end stage of 10 mm for the total scratch distance, for any test speed chosen as specified in 7.3 and 7.4, and shall be capable of reaching the test speed within 10 mm and stopping within 10 mm.5.6 Specimen stageThe specimen stage shall be flat, smooth, and free of holes in the area where
43、 the test specimen will be placed.4 ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 17541:2014ISO 17541:2014(E)6 Test specimens6.1 GeneralTest specimens having homogeneous surface in texture, colour, and flatness shall be prepared and tested.The specimen shall be cleaned to remove any contaminants or residues wh
44、ich can alter surface characteristics. The reagent used for cleaning shall not affect the inherent surface properties of the specimen.6.2 Shape and dimensionsBars, plaques, discs, or other specimen types of sufficient size for testing can be used.For only single-damage tests, standard multipurpose t
45、est specimens as specified in ISO 20753 can be used. If the scratch length is taken to be 100 mm, the specimen shall be at least 150 mm in length to provide enough area for clamping.For both multiple-damage and single-damage tests, injection-moulded test specimens shall be acceptable. It is recommen
46、ded to use plaques having dimensions of at least 150 mm wide by at least 150 mm long.6.3 PreparationPrepare test specimens as required by the relevant moulding materials standard, or, if none exists, following the conditions in ISO 294-1, ISO 294-2, and ISO 294-3, as applicable, and the recommendati
47、ons of the material supplier.6.4 ConditioningThe specimens shall be conditioned in one of the standard atmospheres specified in ISO 291 or the appropriate material specification.6.5 Number of test specimensAt least five specimens shall be tested to assess repeatability for each set of test condition
48、s.7 Procedure7.1 Test atmosphereThe atmosphere used for testing shall be the same as that used for conditioning, as specified in accordance with ISO 291 or the appropriate material specification. If scratch tests are to be conducted at temperatures other than the room temperature, an environmental c
49、hamber shall be used to maintain the scratch tip and the specimen at the desired temperature. Prior to testing, the scratch tip and specimen shall be conditioned in the environmental chamber for not less than 30 min.7.2 Scratch tipBefore testing, the scratch tip shall be inspected for damage, deformation, or contamination using a microscope, magnifying glass, or other suitable inspection device.7.3 Method A (constant load condition)Choose one of two scratch tips (i.e. area-contact tip, Type 1 or line-contact
