1、BS ISO 17561:2016Fine ceramics (advancedceramics, advanced technicalceramics) Test method forelastic moduli of monolithicceramics at room temperatureby sonic resonanceBSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS ISO 17561:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordT
2、his British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 17561:2016.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee RPI/13, Advanced technical ceramics.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not
3、 purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2016.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 90629 9 ICS 81.060.30 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal o
4、bligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2016.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO 17561:2016 ISO 2016Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) Test me
5、thod for elastic moduli of monolithic ceramics at room temperature by sonic resonanceCramiques techniques Mthode dessai des modules dlasticit des cramiques monolithiques, temprature ambiante, par rsonance acoustiqueINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO17561Second edition2016-07-01Reference numberISO 17561:2016(
6、E)BS ISO 17561:2016ISO 17561:2016(E)ii ISO 2016 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2016, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical
7、, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerla
8、ndTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 17561:2016ISO 17561:2016(E)Foreword iv1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Summary of test method 25 Apparatus . 35.1 General . 35.2 Oscillator 55.3 Amplifier . 55.4 Driver 55.5 Detector . 55.6 Fr
9、equency counter . 65.7 Specimen suspension means 65.8 Micrometer . 65.9 Vernier calliper . 75.10 Balance . 76 Test pieces . 77 Test procedure 77.1 Measurement of the size and the mass 77.2 Positioning of the specimen . 77.3 Measurement of resonant frequency . 88 Calculations 99 Test report 11Bibliog
10、raphy .12 ISO 2016 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 17561:2016ISO 17561:2016(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
11、through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO coll
12、aborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approv
13、al criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the sub
14、ject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trad
15、e name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization
16、(WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 206, Fine ceramics.This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 17561:2002), which has been technically revised. It
17、also incorporates the Technical Corrigendum ISO 17561:2002/Cor.1:2007.iv ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 17561:2016INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17561:2016(E)Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) Test method for elastic moduli of monolithic ceramics at room temperature by so
18、nic resonance1 ScopeThis International Standard describes the method of test for determining the dynamic elastic moduli of fine ceramics at room temperature by sonic resonance. This International Standard is for fine ceramics that are elastic, homogeneous and isotropic.22 Normative referencesThe fol
19、lowing documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 3611, Geome
20、trical product specifications (GPS) Dimensional measuring equipment: Micrometers for external measurements Design and metrological characteristicsISO 13385 (all parts), Geometrical product specifications (GPS) Dimensional measuring equipment3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, t
21、he following terms and definitions apply.3.1dynamic elastic moduliadiabatic elastic moduli, which are dynamic Youngs modulus, shear modulus and Poissons ratioNote 1 to entry: Adiabatic elastic moduli are obtained by the sonic resonance method.3.1.1Youngs modulusEelastic modulus in tension or compres
22、sionE = /whereE is Youngs modulus in pascals; is the tension or compression stress in pascals; is the tension or compression strain.3.1.2shear modulusGelastic modulus in shear or torsionG = / ISO 2016 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 17561:2016ISO 17561:2016(E)whereG is the shear modulus in pascals; is t
23、he shear or torsional stress in pascals; is the shear or torsional strain.3.1.3Poissons ratioratio of transverse strain to the corresponding axial strain resulting from uniformly distributed axial stress below the proportional limit of the materialNote 1 to entry: In isotropic materials, Youngs modu
24、lus (E), shear modulus (G) and Poissons ratio () are related by the following formula:vE G=()/2 13.2 vibration3.2.1flexural vibrationvibration apparent when the oscillation in a slender bar is in plane normal to the length dimensionNote 1 to entry: Also defined as vibration in a flexural mode.3.2.2t
25、orsional vibrationvibration apparent when the oscillation in each cross-section plane of a slender bar is such that the plane twists around the length dimension axisNote 1 to entry: Also defined as vibration in a torsional mode.3.3resonancestate if, when a slender bar driven into one of the above mo
26、des of vibration, the imposed frequency is such that the resultant displacements for a given amount of driving force are at a maximumNote 1 to entry: The resonant frequencies are natural vibration frequencies which are determined by the elastic modulus, mass and dimensions of the test piece.3.4funda
27、mental frequencylowest frequency of a periodic waveform3.5nodeslocation(s) in slender rod or bar in resonance (3.3) having a constant zero displacementNote 1 to entry: For the fundamental flexural resonance, the nodes are located at 0,224 L from each end, where L is the length of the rod or bar.4 Su
28、mmary of test methodThis test method measures the flexural or torsional frequencies of test specimens of rectangular prism or cylindrical geometry by exciting them at continuously variable frequencies. Mechanical excitation of the specimens is provided through the use of a transducer that transforms
29、 a cyclic electrical signal into a cyclic mechanical force on the test piece. A second transducer senses the resulting mechanical vibrations of the test piece and transforms them into an electrical signal. The amplitude and the 2 ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 17561:2016ISO 17561:2016(E)frequenc
30、y of the signal are measured by an oscilloscope or other means to detect resonance. The peak response is obtained at the resonant frequency. The fundamental resonant frequencies, dimensions and mass of the specimen are used to calculate the dynamic elastic moduli. The Youngs modulus is determined fr
31、om the flexural resonance frequency, and the shear modulus is determined from the torsional resonance frequency, together with the test piece dimensions and mass. Poissons ratio is determined from the Youngs modulus and the shear modulus.5 Apparatus5.1 GeneralThere are various techniques that may be
32、 used to determine the resonant frequency of the test piece. The test piece may be excited by direct mechanical contact of a vibrator, or it may be suspended by a wire from a vibrator. It may be driven electromagnetically by attaching thin foils of magnetic material to one surface, or electrostatica
33、lly by attaching an electrode to one surface.One example of the test apparatus is shown in Figure 1. The driving circuit consists of an oscillator, an amplifier, a driver and a frequency counter. The detecting circuit consists of a detector, an amplifier and an oscilloscope. Figure 1 shows the suspe
34、nsion style of the apparatus. The direct contact support style of the test apparatus, shown in Figure 2, is also possible. It consists of a variable-frequency audio oscillator, used to generate a sinusoidal voltage, and a power amplifier and suitable transducer to convert the electrical signal to a
35、mechanical driving vibration. A frequency meter (preferably digital) monitors the audio oscillator output to provide accurate frequency determination. A suitable suspension coupling system supports the test piece. A transducer detector acts to detect mechanical vibration in the specimen and to conve
36、rt it into an electrical signal which is passed through an amplifier and displayed on an indicating meter. The meter may be a voltmeter, a microammeter or an oscilloscope. An oscilloscope is recommended because it enables the operator to positively identify resonances, including higher order harmoni
37、cs, by Lissajous figure analysis, which is a superposition of two perpendicular harmonics. If a Lissajous figure is desired, the output of the oscillator is also coupled to the horizontal plates of the oscilloscope. ISO 2016 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 17561:2016ISO 17561:2016(E)Key1 frequency count
38、er2 oscillator3 amplifier4 driver5 oscilloscope6 detector7 suspending stringFigure 1 Example of the test apparatus and the suspension for fundamental flexural resonance4 ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 17561:2016ISO 17561:2016(E)Key1 driving2 detecting3 flexuralFigure 2 Example of the direct cont
39、act support of the test piece for fundamental flexural resonance5.2 OscillatorThe oscillator shall be able to vary the frequency from 100 Hz to at least 30 kHz, with a frequency resolution of 1 Hz and a maximum frequency drift of 1 Hz/min.5.3 AmplifierThe audio amplifier shall have a power output su
40、fficient to ensure that the type of transducer used can excite any specimen, the mass of which falls within a specified range. A power amplifier in the detector circuit shall be impedance-matched with the type of detector transducer selected and shall serve as a prescope amplifier.5.4 DriverThe driv
41、er shall be able to convert electrical vibration to mechanical vibration. The frequency response of the driver transducer across the frequency range of interest shall have at least a 6,5 kHz bandwidth before 3 dB power loss occurs.NOTE For flexibility in testing, the bandwidth can, with advantage, b
42、e at least as large as the frequency range given in Table 1.5.5 DetectorThe detector shall generate a voltage proportional to the amplitude, velocity or acceleration of the mechanical vibration of the specimen. The frequency response of the detector across the frequency range of interest shall have
43、at least a 6,5 kHz bandwidth before a 3 dB power loss occurs.NOTE For flexibility in testing, the bandwidth can, with advantage, be at least as large as the frequency range given in Table 1. ISO 2016 All rights reserved 5BS ISO 17561:2016ISO 17561:2016(E)Table 1 Examples of the test piece size and t
44、he calculated resonant frequenciesWhere the density = 3 g/cm3L b (d) tE = 200 GPa = 0,25E = 300 GPa = 0,25E = 400 GPa = 0,2575 15 3ff= 4 453 Hz ft= 12 706 Hz5 453 Hz 15 561 Hz6 297 Hz 17 969 Hz100 20 2ff= 1 676 Hz ft= 5 016 Hz2 053 Hz 6 143 Hz2 371 Hz 7 094 Hz75 20 2ff= 2 977 Hz ft= 6 688 Hz3 646 Hz
45、 8 191 Hz4 210 Hz 9 458 HzWhere the density = 6 g/cm3L b (d) tE = 200 GPa = 0,25E = 300 GPa = 0,25E = 400 GPa = 0,2575 15 3ff= 3 148 Hz ft= 8 984 Hz3 856 Hz 11 004 Hz4 453 Hz 12 706 Hz100 20 2ff= 1 185 Hz ft= 3 547 Hz1 452 Hz 4 344 Hz1 676 Hz 5 016 Hz75 20 2ff= 2 105 Hz ft= 4 729 Hz2 578 Hz 5 792 Hz
46、2 977 Hz 6 688 HzwhereL is the length in millimetres;b is the width in millimetres;d is the diameter in millimetres;t is the thickness in millimetres;ffis the fundamental flexural resonant frequency in Hertz;ftis the fundamental torsional resonant frequency in Hertz.5.6 Frequency counterThe frequenc
47、y counter, preferably digital, shall be able to measure frequencies to within 1 Hz.5.7 Specimen suspension meansAny method of specimen support that permits the free vibration of the test piece with no significant effect on the vibration frequencies shall be used. Test pieces are commonly supported e
48、ither by suspension from threads or wires or on direct contact supports. If the test piece is to be supported from beneath, the support shall be made of rubber, cork or similar material, and shall have a minimum contact area with the test piece. If the test piece is suspended from the driving and de
49、tecting transducers, fine thread or metal wires shall be used. The vibrating mass of the suspension system shall be less than 0,1 % of the mass of the test piece. For the electromagnetic or electrostatic method, the mass of any magnetic foil or electrode attached to the test piece shall be negligible compared with the mass of the test piece.5.8 MicrometerA micrometer with a resolution of 0,002 mm or 0,1 % of the specimen, in accordance with ISO 3611, sh
